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References

Bob Marley and the Wailers

History

The Wailers were formed when self-taught musician Hubert Winston McIntosh (Peter Tosh) met the singers Neville Livingston (Bunny Wailer), and Robert Nesta Marley (Bob Marley) in 1963.

Early years[edit]

^[1]The Wailers were formed in Kingston, Jamaica in the year 1963. The lineup was known variously as the Teenagers, the Wailing Rudeboys, the Wailing Wailers and finally just the Wailers.^[2] The original lineup featured Junior Braithwaite on vocals, Bob Marley on guitar, Peter Tosh on keyboard, Neville Livingston (a.k.a. Bunny Wailer) on drums, and Cherry Smith and Beverley Kelso on backing vocals. By 1966 Braithwaite, Kelso and Smith had left the band, which then consisted of the trio Livingston, Marley and Tosh.^[3] In the early 70's, Bob Marley and the Wailers started playing musical instruments. They also added a rhythm section. In April of 1973, after the band recorded in Jamaica they got a record deal with Great Britain's Island Records.^[4]

Some of the Wailers' most notable songs were recorded with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band the Upsetters. In 1964, the Wailers topped the Jamaican charts with "Simmer Down". Another hit during this time was "One Love." ^[5] The Wailers also worked with renowned reggae producer Leslie Kong, who used his studio musicians called Beverley’s All-Stars (Jackie Jackson, Paul Douglas, Gladstone Anderson, Winston Wright, Rad Bryan, Hux Brown) to record the songs that would be released as an album entitled “The Best of The Wailers”.

During the early 1970s the Upsetters members Aston "Family Man" Barrett and his brother Carlton (Carly) Barrett, formed the Wailers Band, providing instrumental backing for The Wailers. The Wailers recorded groundbreaking ska and reggae songs such as "Simmer Down", "Trenchtown Rock", "Nice Time", "War", "Stir It Up" and "Get Up, Stand Up". An attempt at creating a full overview of all the music made by The Wailers prior to their signing to Island Records in 1972 , was made by the Roots Reggae Library. During this time Bob Marley and the Wailers became the first reggae band to become known worldwide.^[6] Bob Marley who was the lead vocalist and head of the songwriting of the band gained stardom during this time and became the first Third World artist to achieve this level of recognition. ^[7] Next in 1973 the big time American hit came out "Stir it up." ^[8]

Line-up changes[edit]

The original Wailers line-up disbanded in 1974 due to Tosh and Livingston's refusal to play "freak clubs." The pair believed doing so would violate their Rastafarian faith. Bob Marley formed Bob Marley and the Wailers with himself as guitarist, songwriter and main singer, the Wailers Band as the backing band, and the I Three as backup vocalists. The Wailers Band included the brothers Carlton Barrett and "Family Man" Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson playing lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl "Wya" Lindo playing keyboard, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson playing percussion. The I Three consisted of Bob Marley's wife Rita Marley, Judy Mowatt and Marcia Griffiths.

Livingston believed that producer Chris Blackwell, whom he called "Chris Whiteworst", was responsible for the bad relationship between the band members, as he thought Blackwell released their albums under "Bob Marley and the Wailers" instead of "the Wailers" since 1969, which tested their friendship. Perry released two compilation albums for Trojan Records in 1974, Rasta Revolution and African Herbsman, which contained songs from Soul Rebels and Soul Revolution, respectively, and he was the copyright holder of several songs from these albums. These changes caused a major dispute between Marley and Perry, when the former saw the albums, six months after their publication, in the Half Way Road in England.

Later years[edit]

Bob Marley and the Wailers, Peter Tosh, and Bunny Wailer all enjoyed considerable success as reggae music continued to gain popularity during the 1970s and 1980s. One of the last performances that included Marley was in 1980 at Madison Square Garden. Several of the group's members have died subsequent to Marley's death. On May 11th 1981 Bob Marley subsumed to brain cancer. He was only 36 years old. Carlton Barrett and Tosh (both murdered) in 1987. Tosh was murdered during a robbery in his own home. ^[9] Braithwaite was also murdered in 1999, Smith in 2008, and Earl Lindo in 2017. Bunny Wailer and Beverley Kelso are the only surviving members of the group's original line-up.

I Three[edit]

The I Three from left to right: Judy Mowatt, Rita Marley, and Marcia Griffiths The I Three, commonly called I Threes, were formed in 1974 to support Bob Marley and the Wailers after Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer — the original Wailer backing vocalists — left the band.

The three members were Marley's wife Rita Marley, Judy Mowatt and Marcia Griffiths. Their name is intended as a spin on the Rastafarian "I and I" concept of the Godhead within each person.

Band members[edit]

Main article: List of Bob Marley and the Wailers band members

Bob Marley – guitar, lead vocals (1963–1981; died 1981) Peter Tosh – guitar, keyboard, vocals (1963–1974; died 1987) Bunny Wailer – percussion, vocals (1963–1974) Junior Braithwaite – vocals (1963–1964; died 1999) Cherry Smith – backing vocals (1963–1966; died 2008) Beverley Kelso – backing vocals (1963–1965) Constantine Walker – backing vocals (1966–1967) Aston Barrett – bass (1970–1981) Carlton Barrett – drums, percussion (1970–1981; died 1987)	Earl Lindo – keyboards (1973, 1978–1981; died 2017) Tyrone Downie – keyboards, percussion, backing vocals (1974–1981) Rita Marley – backing vocals (1974–1981) Marcia Griffiths – backing vocals (1974–1981) Judy Mowatt – backing vocals (1974–1981) Al Anderson – guitar (1974–1975, 1978-1981) Alvin Patterson – percussion (1975–1981) Earl "Chinna" Smith – guitar (1975-1976) Donald Kinsey – guitar (1975-1976) Junior Marvin – guitar, backing vocals (1977–1981)

Discography[edit]

Main article: Bob Marley and the Wailers discography

	"Simmer Down" MENU [1] 0:00 A sample of the band's 1964 single "Simmer Down".
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The Wailing Wailers (1965)
Soul Rebels (1970)
Soul Revolution (1971)
The Best of The Wailers (1971)
Catch a Fire (1973)
Burnin' (1973)
Natty Dread (1974)
Rastaman Vibration (1976)
Exodus (1977)
Kaya (1978)
Survival (1979)
Uprising (1980)
Confrontation (1983)
Bob, Peter, Bunny & Rita (1985)

Tours[edit]

Apr–Jul 1973: Catch a Fire Tour (England, USA)
Oct–Nov 1973: Burnin' Tour (USA, England)
Jun–Jul 1975: Natty Dread Tour (USA, Canada, England)
Apr–Jul 1976: Rastaman Vibration Tour (USA, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, France, England, Wales)
May–Jun 1977: Exodus Tour (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, England)
May–Aug 1978: Kaya Tour (USA, Canada, England, France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium)
Apr–May 1979: Babylon by Bus Tour (Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii)
Oct 1979–Jan 1980: Survival Tour (USA, Canada, Trinidad/Tobago, Bahamas, Gabon, Zimbabwe)
May–Sep 1980: Uprising Tour (Switzerland, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Ireland, England, Scotland, Wales, USA)

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