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History of the Jews in Japan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to:navigation, search Part of a series of articles on Jews and Judaism Star of David Menorah Who is a Jew? · Etymology · Culture Religion[show] God in Judaism (Names) Principles of faith · Mitzvot (613) Halakha · Shabbat · Holidays Prayer · Tzedakah Brit · Bar / Bat Mitzvah Marriage · Bereavement Philosophy · Ethics · Kabbalah Customs · Synagogue · Rabbi Texts[show] Tanakh (Torah · Nevi'im · Ketuvim) Targum Talmud (Mishnah · Gemara) Rabbinic (Midrash · Tosefta) Mishneh Torah · Tur Shulchan Aruch Zohar · Tanya Ethnicities[show] Ashkenazi · Sephardi · Mizrahi Romaniote · Italki · Yemenite African · Beta Israel · Bukharan · Georgian • Mountain · Chinese Indian · Khazars · Karaim • Samaritans • Crypto-Jews • American Population[show] Jews by country · Rabbis Population comparisons Israel · United States · Russia Iraq · Spain · Portugal · Gibraltar Italy · Poland · Germany · Bosnia Latin America · France England · Netherlands · Canada Australia · Hungary · India Turkey · Greece · Africa Iran · China · Pakistan · Romania · Lists of Jews Denominations[show] Orthodox · Traditional · Conservative Reform · Reconstructionist Liberal · Karaite · Humanistic Renewal · Alternative Languages[show] Hebrew · Yiddish Judeo-Persian · Ladino Judeo-Aramaic · Judeo-Arabic History[show] Timeline · Leaders Ancient · Temple Babylonian exile Jerusalem (in Judaism · Timeline) Hasmoneans · Sanhedrin Schisms · Pharisees Jewish-Roman wars Christianity and Judaism Islam and Judaism Diaspora · Middle Ages Sabbateans · Hasidism · Haskalah Emancipation · Holocaust · Aliyah Israel (history) Arab conflict · Land of Israel Baal teshuva · Persecution Antisemitism (history) Politics[show] Zionism (Labor · Revisionist

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Jews are a minor ethnic and religious group in Japan, presently consisting of only about 1,000[1] people or about 0.0008% of Japan's total population. Although Jews have been present in Japan and Judaism has been practiced since the 16th century, on a very limited scale, in Japan, Japan comprised but a small part of Jewish history from the ending of Japan's "closed-door" foreign policy to World War II. Contents [hide]

   * 1 Jewish history in Japan
         o 1.1 Early settlements
         o 1.2 Jewish settlement in Imperial Japan
   * 2 Accusations of antisemitism
   * 3 Jews and Judaism in modern Japan
   * 4 Films
   * 5 See also
   * 6 References
   * 7 External links and references

[edit] Jewish history in Japan [edit] Early settlements

The first confirmed contacts between the Japanese and people of Jewish ancestry began during the Age of Discovery (16th century) with the arrival of European travelers and merchants (primarily the Portuguese and Dutch). However it wasn't until 1853, with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry following the Convention of Kanagawa ending Japan's "closed-door" foreign policy that Jewish families began to settle in Japan. The first recorded Jewish settlers arrived at Yokohama in 1861 establishing a diverse community consisting of 50 families (from various Western countries) as well as the building of the first synagogue in Japan. The community would later move to Kobe after the great Kanto earthquake of 1923.

Another early Jewish settlement was one established in the 1880s in Nagasaki, a large Japanese port. This community was larger than the one in Yokohama, consisting of more than 100 families. It was here that the Beth Israel Synagogue was created in 1894. The settlement would continually grow and remain active until it eventually declined by the Russo-Japanese War in the early 20th century. The community's Torah scroll would eventually be passed down to the Jews of Kobe, a group formed of freed Russian Jewish war prisoners that had participated in the Czar's army and the Russian Revolution of 1905. View of Beth Israel Synagogue in Nagasaki.

From the beginning of the 1900s to the 1950s the Kobe Jewish community was one of the largest Jewish communities in Japan formed by hundreds of Jews arriving from Russia (originating from the Manchurian city of Harbin), the Middle East (mainly from Iraq and Syria), as well as from Central and Eastern European countries (primarily Germany). During this time Tokyo's Jewish community (now Japan's largest) was slowly growing with the arrival of Jews from the United States and Western Europe for multiple reasons. Both of these communities were formed based on constitutional values along with community organizations that had a committee president and treasurer and communal structure. Each community now has its own synagogue and welcomes anyone of the Jewish faith 18 years or older to become a member. [edit] Jewish settlement in Imperial Japan Main article: Jewish settlement in Imperial Japan

Some Japanese leaders, such as Captain Inuzuka Koreshige (犬塚惟重), Colonel Yasue Norihiro (安江仙弘) and industrialist Aikawa Yoshisuke (鮎川義介), came to believe that Jewish economic and political power could be harnessed by Japan through controlled immigration, and that such a policy would also ensure favor from the United States through the influence of American Jewry. Although efforts were made to attract Jewish investment and immigrants, the plan was limited by the government's desire not to interfere with its alliance with Nazi Germany. Ultimately it was left up to the world Jewish community to fund the settlements and to supply settlers, and the plan failed to attract a significant long-term population or create the strategic benefits for Japan that had been expected by its originators.

Ironically, during World War II, Japan was regarded as a safe refuge from the Holocaust, despite being a part of the Axis and an ally of Germany. During World War II, Jews trying to escape Poland could not pass the blockades near the Soviet Union and the Mediterranean Sea and were forced to go through the neutral country of Lithuania (which was occupied by belligerents in June 1940, starting with the Soviet Union, then Germany, and then the Soviet Union again).

Of those who arrived, many (around 5,000) were sent to the Dutch West Indies with Japanese visas issued by Chiune Sugihara, the Japanese consul to Lithuania. Sugihara ignored his orders and gave thousands of Jews entry visas to Japan, risking his career and saving more than 6,000 lives. Sugihara is said to have cooperated with Polish intelligence, as a part of bigger Japanese-Polish cooperative plan.[2] They managed to flee across the vast territory of Russia by train to Vladivostok and then by boat to Kobe in Japan. The refugees in number of 2,185 arrived in Japan from August 1940 to June 1941. Tadeusz Romer, the Polish ambassador in Tokyo, had managed to get transit visas in Japan, asylum visas to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Burma, immigration certificates to Palestine, and immigrant visas to the United States and some Latin American countries. Most Jews were permitted and encouraged to move on from Japan to the Shanghai Ghetto, China, under Japanese occupation for the duration of World War II. Finally, Tadeusz Romer arrived in Shanghai on November 1, 1941, to continue the action for Jewish refugees.[3] Among those saved in the Shanghai Ghetto were leaders and students of Mir yeshiva, the only European yeshiva to survive the Holocaust. They, some 400 in number, fled from Mir to Vilna with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, and then to Keidan, Lithuania. In late 1940, they obtained visas from Chiune Sugihara, to travel from Keidan, then Lithuanian SSR, via Siberia and Vladivostok to Kobe, Japan.[4] By November 1941 the Japanese moved this group and most of others on to the Shanghai Ghetto in order to consolidate the Jews under their control.[5]

Throughout the war, the Japanese government continually rejected requests from the German government to establish anti-Semitic policies. Towards the end, Nazi representatives pressured the Japanese army to devise a plan to exterminate Shanghai's Jewish population, and this pressure eventually became known to the Jewish community's leadership. However, the Japanese had no intention of further provoking the anger of the Allies, and thus delayed the German request for a time, eventually rejecting it entirely.

One famous Orthodox Jewish institution that was saved this way was the Lithuanian Haredi Mir yeshiva. The Japanese government and people offered the Jews temporary shelter, medical services, food, transportation, and gifts, but preferred that they move on to reside in Japanese-occupied Shanghai.

Throughout the war, the Japanese government continually rejected requests from the German government to establish anti-Semitic policies. At war's end, about half these Jews later moved on to the Western hemisphere (such as the United States and Canada) and the remainder moved to other parts of the world, many to Israel. [edit] Accusations of antisemitism Antisemitism Judenstern

History · Timeline · Resources

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Allegations Deicide · Blood libel · Ritual murder Well poisoning · Host desecration Jewish lobby · Jewish Bolshevism · Kosher tax Dreyfus affair Zionist Occupation Government Holocaust denial

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Categories Antisemitism · Jewish history v • d • e

With only a small and relatively obscure Jewish population, Japan had no traditional antisemitism until the 20th century, when Soviet antisemitism and Nazi ideology and propaganda influenced a small number of Japanese. Unfortunately, antisemitism became relatively widespread, and persists today,[citation needed] taking the form of a subculture of conspiracy theory which is expressed in the context of Western conspiracy to subjugate the world (or Japan),[citation needed] which is ultimately controlled by Jews.[citation needed] Antisemitic and conspiracist books and pamphlets are sold in major bookstores (although mostly in Tondemo category), and antisemitic themes enter the popular culture and even affect the educated academic community.

Current antisemitism in Japan includes elements of the occult and of conspiracy theories. Furthermore, Japanese society lacks many of the taboos held by the Western world on racial characterizations, as they have less experience with racist connections; this is occasionally reflected in elements of Japanese popular culture, reflecting stereotypes or other forms of expression regarding the Jewish people, or other peoples, that would be considered outrageous in the West.

In 1918, the Japanese army sent troops to Siberia to aid the White Army against the Bolshevik Red Army. It was at this time that Japanese were first introduced to the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a conspiratorial text describing the Jewish global conspiracy in detail.[citation needed]

Though deeper research by the Japanese military and government unearthed no evidence of a global Jewish conspiracy, a small number of officials and officers continued to believe in the economic and political power of the Jewish people. In the early 1930s, a plot known as the Fugu Plan was thus hatched, in which this small cadre of "Jewish experts" convinced the government and military to arrange for the re-settlement of thousands of Jews from Europe in the Japanese Empire. The underlying belief behind this plan was that a population of Jews could create amazing economic benefit for Japan, and that the power of Jews in other parts of the world, particularly in the United States, was great enough that the rescue of Jews from the Nazis could benefit US-Japan relations.

In 1936, lieutenant general Shioden Nobutaka (四王天延孝), translated the Protocols into Japanese. Shioden became a believer in a Jewish conspiracy while he was studying in France. According to Dr. David Kranzler, "The key to the distinction between the Japanese and the European form of antisemitism seems to lie in the long Christian tradition of identifying the Jew with the Devil, the Antichrist or someone otherwise beyond redemption ... The Japanese lacked this Christian image of the Jew and brought to their reading of the Protocols a totally different perspective. The Christian tried to solve the problem of the Jew by eliminating him; the Japanese tried to harness his alleged immense wealth and power to Japan's advantage[6]."

As Japan was allied with Nazi Germany in World War II, Nazi ideology and propaganda regarding the Jewish people came to be circulated within Japan as well, contributing to the development of Japan's particular brand of antisemitism. However, while various theories about the Jewish people may have gained a degree of acceptance among the Japanese people as a whole, the Japanese government and military never gave in to Nazi recommendations that extermination programs or the like be undertaken.

By the end of the 20th century, a great many books were published relating to the Jewish conspiracy or the theory that Japanese and Jews have common ancestry. Various theories and explanations for the alleged Jewish control of the world were thus circulated, many involving elements of the occult and intellectual play, and gossip. Occult theories relating to the Jewish people, along with theories connecting the Jews and Japan, play a major role in a number of so-called "New Religions" (Shinshūkyō) in Japan. However, anti-semitic books in Japan are usually regarded as a type of tondemobon (トンデモ本, dodgy/outrageous books, a term which covers a very wide range of occultist subjects, such as UFOs and psychic power), and are generally taken very lightly by the vast majority of the population. [edit] Jews and Judaism in modern Japan

After World War II, a large portion of the few Jews that were in Japan left, many going to what would become Israel. Some of those who remained married locals and were assimilated into Japanese society.[citation needed]

The Israeli embassy and its staff is based in Tokyo. Presently, there are several hundred Jewish families living in Tokyo, and a small number of Jewish families in Kobe. A small number of Jewish expatriates of other countries live throughout Japan, temporarily, for business, research, a gap year, or a variety of other purposes. There are always Jewish members of the United States armed forces serving on Okinawa and in the other American military bases throughout Japan.

There are two major active synagogues in Japan. The Beth David Synagogue is active in Tokyo, and the Ohel Shlomo Synagogue is active in Kobe. The Chabad Lubavitch organization has two centers in Tokyo [1] [2]. [edit] Films

   * Jewish Soul Music: The Art of Giora Feidman (1980). Directed by Uri Barbash.

[edit] See also

   * Religion in Japan
   * Ethnic issues in Japan
   * Timeline of Jewish history
   * Jewish settlement in Imperial Japan
   * Fugu Plan (1934, 1938)
   * An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus (1943)
   * Israel-Japan relations (since 1952)

[edit] References

  1. ^ Golub, Jennifer, JAPANESE ATTITUDES TOWARD JEWS. PACIFIC RIM INSTITUTE OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE
  2. ^ Palasz-Rutkowska, Ewa. 1995 lecture at Asiatic Society of Japan, Tokyo; "Polish-Japanese Secret Cooperation During World War II: Sugihara Chiune and Polish Intelligence," The Asiatic Society of Japan Bulletin, March-April 1995.
  3. ^ http://www.polish-jewish-heritage.org/Pol/maj_03_Romer_pomogal_Zydom.htm
  4. ^ Shanghai Jewish History
  5. ^ Pamela Shatzkes. Kobe: A Japanese haven for Jewish refugees, 1940–1941. Japan Forum, 1469-932X, Volume 3, Issue 2, 1991, pp. 257–273
  6. ^ Kranzler, David. Japanese, Nazis & Jews: The Jewish Refugee Community in Shanghai, 1938-1945. p.207

   * Joseph Eidelberg: The Biblical Hebrew Origin of the Japanese People. Gefen Publishing, ISBN 965-229-339-3
   * Tokayer, Rabbi Marvin (1979). "The Fugu Plan" New York: Weatherhill, Inc.

[edit] External links and references This article's external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive and inappropriate external links or by converting links into references. (November 2009)

General

   * The Jews and the Japanese: Cultural Traits and Common Values
   * Japanese Jewish links
   * Jewish Japan

Occultism

   * Togakkai (the Academy of Outrageous Books) (Japanese text only)
   * Jews in the Japanese Mind by David G. Goodman and Miyazawa Masanori. A seminal book on this topic.
   * On Ignorance, Respect and Suspicion: Current Japanese Attitudes toward Jews by Rotem Kowner. A large-scale study of Japanese views of Jews.
   * The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Aum, and Antisemitism in Japan (PDF) by David G. Goodman.
   * On Symbolic Antisemitism: Motives for the Success of the Protocols in Japan and Its Consequences by Rotem Kowner. A critical essay.

History

   * The Jews of Japan, by Daniel Ari Kapner and Stephen Levine
   * Visas For Life: The Remarkable Story of Chiune and Yukiko Sugihara
   * Kobe: Key to Japan's Jewish Experience
   * The Jews of Kobe

Jewish life in modern Japan

   * The Jewish Communities of Japan
   * Tokyo's Jewish Community Center
   * Japanese museum teaches about Shoah
   * Jewish Community of Kansai (Japan)
   * Chabad-Lubavitch Centers in Japan
   * Chabad of Tokyo, Japan

Judaism and Japan

   * PBS: Ten Lost Tribes: Japan
   * Mysteries of the Bible: Lost Tribes - Japan
   * The Japanese convert (Setzuso Kotsuji)
   * The Ohel Shelomo Synagogue in Kobe, Japan
   * Article and video on Japanese convert and rabbi Hatori

[show] v • d • e Immigration to Japan Americas Americans · Brazilians · Peruvians Asia Bangladeshis · Chinese · Filipinos · Indians · Indonesians · Iranians · Koreans · Mongolians · Pakistanis · Thais · Vietnamese Others Jews · Russians · Turks See also Dekasegi · Ethnic issues in Japan · Gaijin · Japanese nationality law · Foreign-born Japanese

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(2): 16.03.2010 mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm [close] Mount Judi Done From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to:navigation, search Jūdī, Cudi, Cûdî, Qardū Elevation 2089 m Location Location Şırnak Province, Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey Range Anatolia Coordinates 37°22′10″N 42°20′39″E / 37.36944°N 42.34417°E / 37.36944; 42.34417Coordinates: 37°22′10″N 42°20′39″E / 37.36944°N 42.34417°E / 37.36944; 42.34417 Depiction of Noah's ark landing on the mountain top, from the North French Hebrew Miscellany (13th century) zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

(3) - review of article Israel

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(4) - translation of Huldah Gates

[hide] v • d • e Old City of Jerusalem Christian Quarter Jewish Quarter Armenian Quarter Muslim Quarter Temple Mount Gates Damascus · Dung · Golden · Herod's · Jaffa · Lions' · New · Zion ·

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(5) - Houldah la prophétesse Huldah was a prophetess mentioned briefly in 2 Kings 22, and 2 Chronicles 34. After the discovery of a book of the Law during renovations at Solomon's Temple, on the order of King Josiah, Hilkiah together with Ahikam, Acbor, Shaphan and Asaiah approach her to get the Lord's opinion.

She was the wife of Shallum, son of Tokhath (also called Tikvah), son of Harhas (also called Hasrah), keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the Second District.

According to Rabbinic interpretation, Huldah and Deborah were the principal professed prophetesses in the Nevi'im (Prophets) portion of the Hebrew Bible, although other women were referred to as prophetesses. "Huldah" means "weasel," and "Deborah" means "bee" or "wasp." Contents [hide]

   * 1 Huldah in the Hebrew Bible
   * 2 Huldah in rabbinic literature
   * 3 The book that Huldah authenticated
   * 4 References
   * 5 See also

[edit] Huldah in the Hebrew Bible

The Hebrew Bible recounts the consulting of Huldah as follows:

   And the King commanded Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Miciah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asiah the King's servant, saying,

   Go ye, inquire of the Lord for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that is found, for great is the wrath of the Lord that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened unto the words of this book, to do according unto all that which is written concerning us.

   So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and Asaiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe - now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the second quarter - and they spoke with her.

   And she said unto them: Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel: Tell ye the man that sent you unto me:

   Thus saith the Lord: Behold, I will bring evil upon this place and upon the inhabitants thereof, even all the words of the book which the king of Judah hath read. (2 Kings 22:13-16)

Huldah, after authenticating the book and prophesying a future of destruction for failure to follow it, ends by reassuring King Josiah that because of his piety, God has heard his prayer and "thou shalt be gathered unto thy grave in peace, neither shall thy eyes see all the evil which I shall bring upon this place." (2 Kings 22:20).

Huldah appears in the Hebrew Bible only in nine verses, 2 Kings 22:13-20, 2 Chronicles 34:22-28. This short narrative is sufficient to make clear that Huldah was regarded as a prophetess accustomed to speaking the word of God directly to high priests and royal officials, to whom high officials came in supplication, who told kings and nations of their fates, who had the authority to determine what was and was not the genuine Law, and who spoke in a manner of stern command when acting as a prophetess. Nonetheless the Bible does not offer the sort of background information it typically does with other pivotal prophets. Indeed, we are left knowing more about her husband's background than we know of hers, and the little information we know of her personally is largely in relation to her husband. [edit] Huldah in rabbinic literature

According to Rabbinic interpretation, Huldah said to the messengers of King Josiah, "Tell the man that sent you to me," etc. (2 Kings 22:15), indicating by her unceremonious language that for her Josiah was like any other man. The king addressed her, and not Jeremiah, because he thought that women are more easily stirred to pity than men, and that therefore the prophetess would be more likely than Jeremiah to intercede with God in his behalf (Meg. 14a, b; comp. Seder 'Olam R. xxi.). Huldah was a relative of Jeremiah, both being descendants of Rahab by her marriage with Joshua (Sifre, Num. 78; Meg. 14a, b). While Jeremiah admonished and preached repentance to the men, she did the same to the women (Pesiḳ. R. 26 [ed. Friedmann, p. 129]). Huldah was not only a prophetess, but taught publicly in the school (Targ. to 2 Kings 22:14), according to some teaching especially the oral doctrine. It is doubtful whether "the Gate of Huldah" in the Second Temple (Mid. i. 3) has any connection with the prophetess Huldah; it may have meant "Cat's Gate"; some scholars, however, associate the gate with Huldah's schoolhouse (Rashi to Kings l.c.).E. C. L. G. [edit] The book that Huldah authenticated

Rabbinic sources such as Rashi explain that it was the original Torah written by Moses that was hidden from Ahaz. Modern critical scholars suggest that the book of the law was most likely Deuteronomy. [hide] v • d • e Prophets in the Hebrew Bible Pre-Patriarchs (Bible) Abel · Kenan · Enoch · Noah (rl) · Eber Patriarchs and Matriarchs Abraham · Isaac · Jacob · Sarah (rl) · Rebecca · Rachel · Leah Israelite prophets in the Torah Moses (rl) · Aaron · Miriam · Eldad & Medad · Phinehas Prophets mentioned in the First Prophets Joshua · Deborah · Eli · Elkanah · Hannah · Abigail · Samuel · Saul · David · Solomon · Gad · Nathan · Jeduthun · Ahiyah · Elijah · Elisha · Shemaiah · Iddo · Azariah · Hanani · Jehu · Micaiah · Jahaziel · Eliezer · Zechariah ben Jehoiada · Oded · Huldah · Uriah · Hilkiah Major Prophets Isaiah (rl) · Jeremiah · Ezekiel · Daniel (rl) Minor Prophets Hosea · Joel · Amos · Obadiah · Jonah (rl) · Micah · Nahum · Habakkuk · Zephaniah · Haggai · Zechariah · Malachi Noahide prophets Beor · Balaam · Job (rl) · Eliphaz · Bildad · Zophar · Elihu Other prophets Amoz · Beeri · Baruch · Buzi · Mordecai · Esther (rl) Italics denote that the status as a prophet is not universally accepted. · rl are articles dealing with the prophet within Rabbinic Literature. References

"Huldah", The Jewish Encyclopedia (Article in 1903 public domain Jewish Encyclopedia). [edit] See also

   * Animal names as first names in Hebrew

The Northern system: According to the hypothesis of Dr. Asher Kaufman proposing that the Temple was 110 meters North of the Dome of the Rock, the Holy of the Holies would have been located under the present-day Dome of the Tablets (or "Dome of the Spirits"). The ancient gate which lies beneath the present Golden Gate in the Eastern wall would then be the location of the ancient Shushan gate. aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

(6) Ron Wyatt

Ronald Eldon Wyatt (1933 - August 4, 1999 at Memphis, Tennessee) was an adventurer and former nurse anaesthetist noted for advocating the Durupınar site as the site of Noah's Ark, among other Bible-related pseudoarchaeology. His claims were dismissed by scientists, historians, biblical scholars, and even by leaders in his own Seventh-day Adventist Church, but his work continues to have a following among some fundamentalists and evangelicals. Contents [hide] 1 Biography 2 Claimed discoveries 3 Reception 4 Following his death 5 References 6 See also [edit]Biography

Wyatt was a nurse-anesthetist when in 1960 he saw a picture in Life Magazine of the Durupınar site, a boat-like shape on a mountain near Mount Ararat. The resulting widespread speculation in evangelical Christian circles that this might be Noah's Ark started Wyatt on his career as an amateur archaeologist. From 1977 until his death in 1999 he made over one hundred trips to the Middle East, his interests widening to take in a wide variety of references from the Old and New Testaments. [edit]Claimed discoveries

By the time of his death in August 4, 1999, his claimed discoveries included:[1] Noah's Ark (the Durupınar site, located 18.25 miles south of Mount Ararat) Anchor stones (or drogue stones) used by Noah on the Ark The post-flood house, grave markers and tombs of Noah and his wife The location of Sodom and Gomorrah and the other (3) Cities of the Plain: Zoar, Zeboim and Admah Sulfur/brimstone balls from the ashen remains of Sodom and Gomorrah. The Tower of Babel site (in southern Turkey) How the Egyptians may have built the pyramids. The site of the Israelites' crossing of the Red Sea (located in the Gulf of Aqaba) Chariot wheels and other relics of the army of Pharaoh at the bottom of the Red Sea The site of the biblical Mt. Sinai (in Saudi Arabia at Jabal al Lawz) The rock at Mt. Horeb from which water flowed when struck by Moses The site of Korah’s earthquake. A chamber at the end of a maze of tunnels under Jerusalem containing artifacts from Solomon's Temple The site of the Crucifixion of Jesus The Ark of the Covenant and the stones of the Ten Commandments Christ’s blood, dripped onto the Mercy seat of the Ark of the Covenan beneath the Crucifixion site. A miter with an ivory pomegranate on the tip The burial pots of Ashkelon. [edit]Reception

While Wyatt won a devoted following from the ranks of fundamentalist Christians seeking tangible evidence of the literal truth of the Bible, his credibility was disputed, often bitterly, by professional archaeologists and biblical scholars. The Garden Tomb Association of Jerusalem state in a letter they issue to visitors on request: The Council of the Garden Tomb Association (London) totally refute the claim of Mr Wyatt to have discovered the original Ark of the Covenant or any other biblical artifacts within the boundaries of the area known as the Garden Tomb Jerusalem. Though Mr Wyatt was allowed to dig within this privately owned garden on a number of occasions (the last occasion being the summer of 1991) staff members of the Association observed his progress and entered his excavated shaft. As far as we are aware nothing was ever discovered to support his claims nor have we seen any evidence of biblical artifacts or temple treasures. In a similar vein, archaeologist Joe Zias of Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) has stated that "Ron Wyatt is neither an archaeologist nor has he ever carried out a legally licensed excavation in Israel or Jerusalem. In order to excavate one must have at least a BA in archaeology which he does not possess despite his claims to the contrary. ... [His claims] fall into the category of trash which one finds in tabloids such as the National Enquirer, Sun etc."[2] Wyatt's fellow evangelicals have not been any less critical: Answers in Genesis called Wyatt's claims fraudulent,[3] and one Seventh-day Adventist professor of archaeology sums up Wyatt's Noah's Ark and anchor stones claims in these words: "While the Durupinar site is about the right length for Noah's ark, [it is] ... too wide to be Noah's ark. Wyatt has claimed that the "boat-shapedness" of this formation can only be explained by its being Noah's ark, but both Shea and Morris have offered other plausible explanations. Likewise, Wyatt has argued that the standing stones he has found are anchors, while Terian is aware of similar stones outside the Durupinar site area that were pagan cultic stones later converted by Christians for Christian purposes."[4] Dismissed by the mainstream as a pseudoarchaeologist, Wyatt's official organization, Wyatt Archaeological Research (WAR), claims that the IAA have always been aware of the excavations and issued "verbal permits" for most of them and official permits to all WAR excavations since 2002.[citation needed] Nevertheless, the only evidence of WAR involvement in a legitimate excavation sanctioned by the IAA relates to WAR part-funding of a 2005 dig.[5] [edit]Following his death

Following Wyatt's death, a split developed between the official Wyatt Archaeological Research (WAR) organization which he founded, and the independent ministries and interested individuals which had previously cooperated with WAR. WAR currently claims to be the sole owner of all Wyatt's photographs, newsletters, and other intellectual property; other individuals who had known and worked with Wyatt established independent ministries and websites with the purpose of promoting Wyatt's discoveries outside the framework set by WAR. [edit]References

^ Wyatt Archaeological Research website ^ Letter from Joe Zias ^ AiG discussion of Wyatt and other claims with Kent Hovind, October/December 2002 ^ "Has Noah's Ark Been Found?" by David Merling ^ Yehiel Zelinger, art. Jerusalem, The Garden Tomb, Hadashot Arkheologiyot, journal of IAA [edit]See also

Searches for Noah's Arks David Fasold Mount Judi Categories: 1933 births | 1999 deaths | American Seventh-day Adventists | Pseudoarchaeology oooooooooooookkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

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Torture murder

Torture murderers==

Empress Lü Zhi (China),202 BC-180 BC
Gilles de Rais (France, 1435 to 1440)
Vlad III the Impaler (Wallachia, 1448; 1456–1462; 1476)
Elizabeth Báthory (Kingdom of Hungary, 1602 to 1610)
Delphine LaLaurie (New Orleans, 1775 to 1842) (alleged)
H. H. Holmes (Chicago, Illinois, 1893 to 1895)
Albert Fish (New York City, 1910 to 1936)
"Mad" Sam DeStefano (Chicago, Illinois, 1950's to the 1970s)
David Parker Ray (U.S., 1950's to 1999)
Richard Kuklinski (U.S., 1960's to the 1980s)
Geza de Kaplany (California, 1962)
Ian Brady and Myra Hindley (Moors murders) (England, 1963 to 1965)
Gertrude Baniszewski (Indiana, 1965)
Sérgio Paranhos Fleury (Brazil, 1968 to 1977)
Randy Steven Kraft (California, 1970's to the early 1980s)
John Wayne Gacy (Chicago, Illinois, 1972 to 1978)
Rosemary and Fred West (England, 1973 to 1979)
Dennis Rader (Wichita, Kansas, 1974 to 1991)
Hamida Djandoubi (France, 1974)
Hillside Strangler (Los Angeles, 1977 to 1978)
Paul Luckman and Robin Reid (Australia, 1982)
Christopher Wilder (United States, 1982 to 1984)
Adolfo Constanzo (Matamoros, Mexico, 1983 to 1989)
Robert Berdella (Kansas City, Missouri, 1984 to 1987)
Gary Heidnik (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1986 to 1987)
Westley Allan Dodd (U.S., September 3 to November 1989)
Karla Homolka and Paul Bernardo (Canada, 1990 to 1992)
Christa Pike (U.S., 1995)
Junko Ogata and Futoshi Matsunaga (Japan, 1996 to 1998)
John Justin Bunting, Robert Joe Wagner and James Vlassakis (Australia, 16 August 1992 to 20 May 1999)
Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs (Ukraine, 2007)

Torture murder victims

Aurore Gagnon (Quebec, 1920)
Emmett Till (Mississippi, 1955)
William "Action" Jackson (Chicago, 1961)
Sylvia Likens (Indianapolis, 1965)
Rubens Paiva (Brazil, 1971)
Vladimir Herzog (Brazil, 1975)
Junko Furuta (Japan, 1989)
Shanda Sharer (Indiana, 1992)
Pai Hsiao-yen (Taiwan, 1997)
Jesse Dirkhising (Arkansas, 1999)
Fan Man-yee (Hong Kong, 1999)
Kriss Donald (Scotland, 2004)
Ilan Halimi (France, 2006)
Channon Gail Christian (Knoxville, 2007)
Necati Aydin, Ugur Yuksel, and Tilmann Geske (Turkey, 2007)
Jennifer Daugherty (Pennsylvania, 2010)