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User:Hk5183/Minière de Kalumbwe Myunga

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Minière de Kalumbwe Myunga
IndustryMining
Key people
(Chairman) Xie Tian

Minière de Kalumbwe Myunga (MKM), is a Chinese Mining Company in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It functions in Haut-Katanga Province. At the outset MKM invested major resources hoping to treat ore from its own mine. MKM is a subsidiary of China National Overseas Engineering Corporation (COVEC), a multinational specialized in construction and engineering that chose to invest in copper and cobalt mining in DRC. Its operating site is located in Myunga, a protected area in Basse Kando. The monitoring conducted by PREMICONGO has helped to highlight countless irregularities committed by this company in managing the Congolese human resources, the environment and the fulfillment of its social obligations. As far as the environment is concerned, the company is responsible for the pollution of the Dikanga, a tributary of Kando River that runs into Congo River. This pollution caused the destruction of the residents’ living space in the villages around the MKM site.

Kalumbwe Myunga Mining Limited (MKM SPRL) is a company under Congolese law that was founded in 2004. It used to be a joint venture between Gecamines, a state-owned company, and EXACO (a company owned by Artisanal Congolese Operators). What was particular with EXACO was to extract minerals by artisanal techniques and process them in a plant in located in Lubumbashi. Through this joint venture, EXACO accessed the copper and cobalt deposits located Kalumbwe Myunga near the village of Kisanfu in the Lualaba District, 40 kilometers south of the city of Kolwezi.

In 2005, the China Overseas Engineering Corporation (COVEC) signed an agreement with MKM. In the new joint venture, 71% belongs to COVEC and 29% to MKM. At the kick-off the total cost of the project and the Chinese investment was as much as 270 million US dollars, which means that the part MKM brought into the contract is the concession. It is important to notice that COVEC is itself a subsidiary of the China Railway Engineering Corporation. COVEC implements activities in several countries where it develops engineering projects, such as Morocco with road construction, or South Africa with water distribution infrastructure. In DRC, it chose to invest in the mining sector. In addition to MKM, it holds significant shares in the COMILU (Luisha Mining Company).

MKM began the production phase in 2011. The new site includes an open pit mine and a copper and cobalt plant. Ore is processed by hydrometallurgical process. According to the company website, the annual production for 2014 was 8,700 tons of copper and 926 tons of cobalt. The company's main facilities are located in Kisanfu whereas the company’s headquarters is based in Lubumbashi.

Kalumbwe used to be the name an old home village of the Koni, traditional chiefs of the land named after themselves. After the Koni left, Kalumbwe lost all of its inhabitants who followed their chief in his new capital village. Nowadays MKM workers have set up a camp where there used to be a village. Myunga is the name of the huge dry and dense forest where Koni would invoke their ancestors’ spirits and receive their orientations (sic).

The Koni have so far settled in Kisanfu village after which the entire region was named and where several villages are located, including the MKM workers’ camp in Kalumbwe and the Myunga forest.

The DRC administration is accountable for granting the mining concession to MKM in Basse Kando, a protected area, which is a violation of the mining regulations (Chapter 2, article 8). In fact, the mining regulations list up the sites where mining is forbidden, and Basse Kando is one of these sites. MKM is also accountable for this violation because they did not have to take this concession where mining is forbidden by the law. [1]

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[5], [6]

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[13]<-- a bit sketchy! Check out and verify publication and material!

[14] <-- sketch. Definitely don't cite

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Wimberley F, Onley P, van de Schyff, Cunningham E, Eckstein S, Lotheringen J, Anderson S and Johnstone K, 2011 - Mineral experts report: Mutanda (selected excerpts): in Technical report prepared for Glencore International plc by Golder Associates www.hkexnews.hk, 18p.

References

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  1. ^ Ntumba, André; Kanz, Tony; Bwenda, Christian (October 2018). "Chinese Mining Investments in Katanga and the Misery of Local Communities: Focus on Miniere de Kalumbwe Myunga (MKM) and Huachin" (PDF). media.wix.com (PDF). Translated by Petrus Yav Kapend. Premicongo. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  2. ^ Scheele, Fleur; de Haan, Esther; Kiezebrink, Vincent; Umpula Nkumba, Emmanuel; Ben-Berlah, Donat; Bwenda, Christian (April 2016). "Cobalt Blues: Environmental Pollution and Human Rights Violations in Katanga's copper and cobalt mines" (PDF). somo.nl (PDF). ISBN 978-94-6207-094-3. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  3. ^ "China Railway Subsidiary to develop DRC copper-cobalt mine". metalbulletin.org. 17 October 2005. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  4. ^ "Open Letter to Industrial Copper-Cobalt mining Companies Operating in Lualaba/Haut Kitamba". 11 June 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  5. ^ "CONTRAT DE CREATION DE SOCIETE ENTRE LA GENERALE DES CARRIERES DES MINES ET EXACO S.P.R.I. POUR L'EXPLOITATION DES GISEMENTS DE KALUMBWE ET MYUNGA" (PDF) (in French). July 2001. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  6. ^ "Ibid" (in French). 20 July 2001. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Gécamines, Exploitations Artisanales au Congo, Kalumbwe and Myunga, JVA, 2015". www.mines-rdc.cd/resourcecontracts (in French). Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  8. ^ Moore Stephens (December 2017). COMITE EXECUTIF DE L’INITIATIVE POUR LA TRANSPARENCE DANS LES INDUSTRIES EXTRACTIVES RAPPORT ITIE RDC 2015 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  9. ^ Cahier des charges définissant les responsabilités sociétales de la Minière de Kalumbwe Mynga SAS (PDF) (Report) (in French). December 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  10. ^ "Mutanda, Deziwa, Tilwezembe, Kansuki, Kisanfu and Kalumbwe-Myunga". PorterGeo. 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  11. ^ Thomas R. Yager (March 2022). USGS 2017–2018 Minerals Yearbook CONGO (KINSHASA) The Mineral Industry of Congo (Kinshasa) (PDF) (Report).
  12. ^ the Carter Center. "A State Affair:Privatizing Congo's Copper Sector" (PDF). Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  13. ^ The Backchannel State Capture and Bribery in Congo’s Deal of the Century (PDF). The Sentry (Report). November 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  14. ^ "Le pillage organisé depuis 2000 via les contrats" (PDF). wee.cadtm.org.
  15. ^ ""Go ahead, try to accuse us..." Human rights violations by Chinese mining companies in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The case of China Nonferrous Metal Mining Co. In Mabende" (PDF). November 2018.
  16. ^ Sarah Katz-Lavigne (23 January 2020). « Qui ne risque rien, n’a rien »: Conflict, Distributional Outcomes, and Property Rights in the Copper- and Cobalt-Mining Sector of the DRC (PDF) (Thesis).

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