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From generalist OD websites to specialized ones

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Whereas some websites are for the general public, others pursue a niche strategy.

OD websites per type of desired relationship

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OD websites may be specialized for romantic relationship (Badoo.com, Match.com, OkCupid.com, POF.com), for sexual relationship (Adult FriendFinder.com, AshleyMadison.com) or for friendly relationship (MeetUp.com)[1].

OD websites per community membership

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These websites target people who specifically look for a partner who is Christian (Theotokos.fr[2], Notre-Dame-Des-Rencontres.com in France ; Rencontre-Chretien.com in Cote d'Ivoire ; ChristianMingle.com, ChristianDatingForFree.com, LoveAndSeek.com in the USA), Catholic (CatholicMatch.com in the USA), Protestant (RencontresProtestants.fr in France), Mormons/LDS[3] (LDSplanet.com and LDSsingles.com in the USA), Adventist (AdventistSinglesConnection.com and AdventistMatch.com in the USA and in Canada), Jehovah's Witnesses (JWmatch.com, JWfriends.net and JWfind.net in the USA) ; Muslim (InchAllah.com, MekToube.fr, IndexNikah.com in France ; Muslima.com and InchAllah.com in the world), Shias (ShiaMarriageConnection.com and ShiaMatch.com in the USA, in Canada, in the UK, in Pakistan and in India) ; Jew (jDream.fr and jDate.fr in France, JewishClub.com in Russia, jDate.com in the world), Orthodox Jew (OrthoDate.com in Canada, in the USA and in Israël) ; Bouddhist (DharmaMatch.com in the USA), Wiccan (WiccanTogether.com in the USA), sorcerer (WitchDating.com in the USA and in the UK), pagan (WiccanTogether.com in the USA and PaganPartners.co.uk in the UK) ; Afro-Descendant (AfroIntroductions.com, BlackSexMatch.com, Blacklub.com, Nafissatou.fr in France ; BlackPeopleMeet.com in the USA), Asian people (ThaiLoveLinks.com and FilipinoCupid.com in France), Hispanic and Latino Americans (AmoLatina.com and LatinAmericanCupid.com in the world), from the Portuguese diaspora (LusoMeet.fr[4] in France), Russians etc. In the latter case, a distinction is required between OD websites for Slavic people who want to meet other Slavic people and OD websites for non Slavic people who want to meet Slavic people (PrivetVIP.com and InternationalCupid.com in France)[1].

Matchmaking OD websites

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Main article: Matchmaking

Matchmaking OD websites suppose that two people must share affinities if they consider a serious and long-term relationship. As classic OD websites somethimes suggest a list of singles who should be compatibles given what they fulfill (age, sexe, city, hobbies etc.), matchmaking OD websites offer a more detailed study.

Pshycological matchmaking

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Matchmaking OD websites ( eDarling.fr, MeeticAffinity.fr, AttractiveWorld.net, Be2.fr and Parship.fr in France[1]) usually use theory on personality and matchmaking (religion, culture, interests, aspirations etc.) for suggesting members. The matchmaking service make fulfill personality test, which can sometimes reach about one hundreds of pages, and suggest members who are likely to match.
The site Parship.fr is founded on the works of the German psychologist Hugo Schmale and the Chemistry.com (subsidiary of Match.com) on the studies of the American anthropologist Helen Fisher. According to the latter, there should be four type of personality : Explorers, Builders, Directors and Negotiators. Couples who is most likely to work are Explorer-Explorer, Builder-Builder and Directory-Negociator (in the latter case, the two profils complete each other) [5].

Political matchmaking

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These OD websites are specialized for pepole from left-wing (Gauche-Rencontre.com in France), right-wing (Droite-Rencontre.com)[6], nationalists (Front-Rencontre.fr), ecologists (Amours-Bio.com and GreenLovers-Rencontre.com in France[1], GreenSingles.com in the USA)[7]. In the USA, there are also some OD websites for libertarians (RonPaulSingles.com[8]) or objectivists (TheAtlasphere.com[9]).

Music mathmaking

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Some websites (TasteBuds.fm[10] · [11] in the USA, SoundMeet.net in France) offer both music on demand service and dating service. The users can identify and contact those who listen to the same soundtracks and may even received a list of singles who are supposed to match according to their musical preferences.

Spririt matchmaking

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Some OD websites are specialized by subculture : dating for rockers, metalers, punks, gothics ou emos (Rockiz.fr[12], LovinGoth.com and MetalHeart.fr[13] in France ; AltScene.com, GothScene.com[14], GothicMatch.com[15], VampireSocial.com, RocknRollDating.com[16] · [17] andClubEmo.com in the USA and in the UK) ; clubbers (WeeMove.com in France) ; hipsters (ImGegenteil.de[18] in Germany) ; tattoued (TattooSingles.de in Germany, TattooLover.co.uk in the UK, TattooLovers.com in the USA), Rastafari (RencontresRastas.com in France, JamaicanRastafarianLove.com in the USA), hippies (Rockiz.fr and HippieSylvain.free.fr in France, HippiePersonals.co.uk[19] in the UK, DatingForHippies.com in the USA), yuppies[20] (Sparkology.com[21] · [22] in the USA), geeks (GeekMeMore.com in France[23], gk2gk.com in the USA[24] · [25]) etc. Some OD websites are for vegetarians (Amours-Bio.com in France[26] , VeggieDate.org in the USA[27]), for naturists (Rencontre-Naturiste.com[28]).

Whereas some OD websites are for backpackers (TravBuddy.com[29] in the USA, in the UK and in India), for globally minded people (InterPals.net[30], PenpalWorld.com[31], HiPenpal.com[32], WorldFriends.com[33]), fans of outdoor activity (OutdoorsMagic.com in the UK[34] · [35]), of equestrianism (EquestrianCupid.com[36] and EquestrianSingles.com in the USA and in Canada ; EquineOnLineDating.com in the UK), of golf (GolfMates.com and SinglesGolf.com in the USA), of fitness (Fitness-Singles.com in the USA and in the UK) or of cannabis (420dating.com[37] · [38] in the USA), other OD websites are for bikers (Rencontre-Motard.com[39] in France, BikerKiss.com[40] in the USA), or even for animal lovers (Rencontre-Toutou.fr[41] ou RencontreMonChien.com[42] in France, DateMyPet.com[43] ou PURRsonals.com[44] in the USA). The type of OD websites must be distinguished from « OD websites for animals », like Pets-Dating.com[45]. The American websites AlikeWise.com suggest to date people according to the tastes for reading[46] · [1]

Genetic matchmaking

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Main article: Genetic matchmaking

These websites used the DNA to suggest singles (DatingDNA.com[47], GenePartner.com[48] · [49] and ScientificMatch.com[50] · [51] in the USA).

Astral matchmaking

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The matchmaking is here founded on Western astrology (Love-Attraction.com and Astro-Privee.com in France ; MatchMySign.com and AstrologyDating.com in the USA), Chinese astrology (AstralFeeling.com in the USA, in Canada, in Australia and in France) or Tibetan astrology (Astrologie-Tibetaine.com in France)[1].

The OD websites according to the social situation

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Specialization by profession

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OD websites for sailors (SeaCaptainDate.com[52] in the USA), for police officers or for solidiers (Rencontre-Uniforme.com and Rencontre-Militaire.com[26] in France ; UniformDating.com in the UK ; MilitaryCupid.com in the USA ; PolizeiSingles.de in Germany), for firefighters (Rencontre-Pompiers.fr in France), for flight attendants or flight crews (CrewDating.com in the USA) ; for health workers (Rencontre1M.com and Amour-Medecin.com in France), for teachers (Amour-Professeur.com and Rencontre-Prof.fr in France) ; for farmers / breeder / cow-boy (Vachement.fr[53] and Rencontre-Agriculteur.com[54] in France ; FarmersOnly.com, DateACowboy.com and WesternMatch.com in the USA ; MuddyMatches.co.uk in the UK)[1].

Specialization for elites

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OD websites designed for higher education graduates (EliteRencontre.fr[55] and IQElite.com[56] in France ; ElitePartner.de[57] in Germany, in Austria and in Swizerland ; EliteSingles.co.uk[58] · [59] in the UK) or exclusively for graduates of prestigious schools (HappyFewConcept.com[60] · [61] in France ; Sparkology.com[62] · [63] in the USA) ; for the rich and top models (in Germany, RichMeetsBeautiful.com[64] connects beautiful women with men who earn more than 100 000 $ a year[65]. In the USA, MillionaireMatch.com is intended for very wealthy individuals and claims « Our members include CEOs, pro athletes, doctors, lawyers, investors, entrepreneurs, beauty queens, fitness models and Hollywood celebrities »[66]).

It is important to clearly distinguish elitist OD websites from online elitist dating agencies (Elite-Connexion.com, Adequat-Rencontres.fr, EstherKeller.com[1]) or also from elitist social network sites (ASmallWorld.com[67]).

It should be noted that a distinction must also be made between elitist OD websites and « high-range » OD websites like AttractiveWorld.net[68]. On the site, where furthermore the inscription works by cooptation, the conditions to entry concern less the social situation than the seriousness of the singles in their will of building a relationship[69].

Specialization for students

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The site DateMySchool.com[70] is for students or alumni.

Specialization by conjugal status

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Whereas non-specialized OD are for singles, other OD are specialized for married persons (123-infidele.com and Gleeden.com in France ; illicitEncounters.com in the UK, AshleyMadison.com in the world[71] · [72]), divorced with children (SingleParentMeet.com[43] in the USA, SoloFamily.fr[73] in France) or widowed individuals (RevivreA2.fr[74] in France ; JustWidowerDating.com in the UK and in the USA)[1].

Some OD websites are designed for polyamorous people[75] (PolyMatchMaker.com[76] · [77], BeyondTwo.com, LoveMany.com and PolyAmorousPassions.com in the USA [1]) or for polygamists[78] (SisterWives.us ; see also the OD websites for the Muslims or the Mormons).

The will of getting married and/or building a family is mainly emphasized on the OD websites specialized by religious communities (Theotokos.fr and InchAllah.com in France ; Shaadi.com, the OD website focused on religious and intracaste marriages). Nevertheless, marriage is also emphasized on the OD for Eastern Europe women (PrivetVIP.com, Inter-Mariage.com in France), or on Chinese OD websites (Jiayuan.com). Furthermore it is worth noting that IdontWantDowry.com is intended in India for those who do not want to get married by the dowry system.

Certain sites underline the will of building a family without evoking marriage : this is the case of Babyklar.nu[79] in Denmark or Geniteur.fr in France. Conversely, some websites are designed for « childfree[80] » (No-Kid.com in France, ChildfreePassions.com in the USA).

There is also OD websites intended for people who are looking for sperm/oocyte donnor-recipients (See Coparenting, LGBT parenting) : Co-Parents.fr[81] in France.

Meet an Inmate

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There are some websites which make it possible to correspond with a incarcerated person : WriteAPrisoner.com, Meet-an-Inmate.com[41] · [82] or PrisonInmates.com in the USA ; PrisonMatch.Webs.com in Canada[1].

OD websites according to sexuality

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The specialization of OD websites is also done according to sexuality in each one :

LGBT

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OD websites for LGBT (GayRomeo.com / PlanetRomeo.com in France), or more plus specifically for gays (BearWWW.com and MekAMek.com in France ; Adam4Adam.com, ManHunt.net and Gay.com in the USA), lesbians (Mytilene.fr in France ; GayDarGirls.com in the UK ; PinkCupid.com in the USA), bisexuals (Bi-Way.net in France, BisexualPassions.com in the USA), transsexuals (Escualita.com[83] in France, TransGenderDate.com [84] in the USA) ; bears (bearWWW.com in France).[1]
Top OD websites LGBT sur le critère du nombre d'utilisateurs uniques par mois in France. Source : Alexa.com accessed in June 2014

Libertines

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OD websites for libertines (YesLibertin.com and YesMessenger.com in France) and more specifically for swingers or threesomers (YesLibertin.com and NetEchangisme.com in France) ; candaulists (Candaulisme.net) ; gang bangers (GangBangsHards.com and GangBangParis.com[85] in France).[1]

BDSM or fetishists

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OD websites for BDSM or fetishists : MarcheAuxEsclaves.com in France ; FetLife.com, Alt.com and Recon.com in the USA, in Canada and in the UK.[1]
OD websites pour ABDL[86] : Fessestivites.com in France ; DailyDiapers.com, ABDLmatch.com and DiaperMates.com[87] in the USA.[1]

Barebackers

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BBackZone.com[88] in France[1].

Cougar & toy boy

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OD websites pour Cougar & toy boy[73] : CougarMessenger.com in France ; Chope-Une-Cougar.com and SoCougar.com in Belgium ; Cougars-Avenue.co in Switzerland.[1]

Manther & toy girl

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OD websites pour manther[89] & toy girl[90] · [91] : HommePuma.com[92] in France ; SilverDaddies.com [for gays] in the USA.[1]

Sugar daddy & sugar baby

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SeekingArrangement.com[93] and SugarDaddy.fr[94] in France ; SeekingArrangement.com, SugarDaddyForme.com, SugarDaddie.com[95] · [96], MissTravel.com[97] and WhatsYourPrice.com[98] · [99] in the USA.[1]

Sugar mama & gigolo

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OD websites pour sugar mama[100] & gigolo : SeekingArrangement.com[101] and SugarMommaClub.com in the USA.[1]

Virgins

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Rencontre-Puceau.com[102] in France.[1]

Asexuals or platonic lovers

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KeLove.fr[103] and No-Sexe.fr in France ; Ace-Book.net [104], Asexualitic.com[105], CuddleComfort.com and PlatonicPartners.org in the USA ; Asexualitic.com in the world.[1]

Machos

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Rencontre-Macho.com in France.[1]

Feminists

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AdopteUnMec.com[106] in France[1].

OD websites based on physical criterion

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There are specialized dating website, whether you are beautiful (BeautifulPeople.com[107] in France ; DarwinDating.com[108] in the USA), ugly[109] (TheUglyBugBall.com[110] in the USA and in the UK, Rencontre-Moche.com[87] in France, Rencontre-Moche.be[41] in Belgium), fat (Rencontre-Ronde.fr[111] in France, RubensFan.de in Germany), BBW[112] (RondeEtJolie.com[113] in France, LargerDate.co.uk in the UK, BBPeopleMeet.com and BBWcupid.com in the USA), BBW & BHM[114] (LargeFriends.com and LargePassions.com in the USA), SSBBW[115] (SSBBWmatchmaker.com in the UK), little (LittlePeopleMeet.com in the USA[38]), tall (GrandeTailleTencontre.com in France, TallFriends.com in the USA) or hairy (BearWWW.com[1] in France)[1].

The website Match.com suggests you to find your ex-partner's double[116] · [117] · [118].

OD websites for people with disease or disability

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Some OD websites are intended for people living with sexually transmitted infection (Rencontre-Sero.com[119] and ViheGay.com in France ; PozMatch.com in the USA ; ITSrencontres.com in Canada ; PositiveSingles.com in the world[120] · [121]).

Other websites are designed for people with disabilities (Idylive.fr[122] and Handi-Rencontres.fr in France ; Handi-Rencontres.be in Belgium ; Handi-Rencontres.ca in Canada ; DisabilityMatch.co.uk in the UK ; Whispers4U.com, Dating4Disabled.com and DisabledSinglesDating.com in the USA) ; or more specifically, for paraplegics (ParaplegicSingles.com in the USA), amputees (DatingAmputee.com in the USA), or the deaf and hard of hearing (SourdAmour.com and Bonne-Entente.fr[123] in France ; Deafs.com and DeafSinglesConnection.com in the USA) but also for singles with food allergies (SinglesWithFoodAllergies.com[124] in the USA)[1].

There are also OD websites destined to people suffering from intellectual disability like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dissociative disorder (DD) or eating disorder (NoLongerLonely.com[125] in the USA, TrueAcceptance.com[126] in Canada) ; autism (AutisticDating.co.uk in the UK, AutisticDating.net in the USA), Asperger syndrome (AS) (AspieAffection.com and AspergersDatingSite.com in the USA, AspergerDating.com in Sweden)[1].

In France, the website TrisoMeet.com is targeted to individuals with Down syndrome.

OD websites per age group

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Some websites are focused on dating for teenager[127], other for seniors (Quintonic.fr in France ; OurTime.com and SeniorPeopleMeet.com in the USA)[1].

OD websites per geographic area

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Some websites extend their services per geographic area. This is the case in France for the company TooDate.com SARL: CelibOuest.com, CelibParis.com, CelibNord.com, CelibSud.com, CelibSudOuest.com and CelibEst.com[1].

OD websites per meeting point

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The American site MeetAtTheAirport.com is intended for those who want to meet at the airport[128].

OD websites according the ways of dating

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The OD websites diffrentiate themselves according the way of dating they invite the users. Before the dating, there may be a first contact online (standard online dating, mobile dating, epistolary OD websites, card dating, virtual darting, ) or not (slow dating, group dating, speed dating, blind dating). Arringing the appointment can be direct (standard online dating, mobile dating) or intermediated (coached dating, online matchmaking, speed dating, blind dating, slow dating, group dating, charity dating).

Standard Online dating

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OD websites generally refer to standard online dating (on Amoureux.com, Badoo.com, Meetic.fr in France[1]): on his computer, the user registers on the website, looks for profiles which are likely to appeal to him, makes the first contact, which, if it is conclusive, leads to the arrangement of an appointment.

Mobile dating

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Main article: Mobile dating

After the development of the Web 2.0 in the 2000s, the mobile web has in turn boosted the dating market in the 2010s. The standard websites like Badoo, PlentyofFish, Zoosk, Lovoo or OkCupid offer a mobile version or a application to download of their OD services, like the new actors exclusively on smartphone: Tinder (generalist) or Grindr (gay). Mobile dating proposes exchange of instant messages or pictures but also and above all geolocation so as to singles nearby should be able to make connections[129].

Online matchmaking

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Main article: Matchmaking

Unlike standard OD services, a matchmaking service is proposed (on eDarling.fr, MeeticAffinity.fr or AttractiveWorld.net in France[1]): the users reply to a questionnaire and are suggested a set of profiles supposed to match. Theses affinity-based OD websites differ from matrimonial OD services, with wich a meeting between the single and the matrimonial agent is arranged before the matchmaking between singles. However, the difference is not always obvious. On the American OD website Tawkify.com, the registrants cannot contact each other directly: only the website matchmakes singles according to supposed affinities.

Coached dating

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Main article: Dating coach

The OD websites users may have recourse to a dating coach (VirtualDatingAssistants.com[130] · [131], PersonalDatingAssistants.com[132] and eFlirtExpert.com[133] in the USA ; FrenchDatingAssistant.com[134] and NetDatingAssistant.com[135] · [136] · [137] in France)[1] : the services provided range from the identification of the OD service where to register to the arrangment of a first date and include the user profile management: choosing the username, making and selecting the pictures, writing the pick-up line and the advertisement etc. In the USA, the website MyMatchChecker.com makes it possible to check whether the single have a criminal record[138].

In the UK, the dating site MySingleFriend.com[139] · [140] enables the coached dating to be initiated by a family member, a friend or a colleague.

Moreover, it should be noted that the websites like QuoiMaGueule.com[141] · [142] permit the internaut to submit his pictures to the visitors.

Speed dating

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Main article: Speed dating

Speed dating consists in bringing previously selected people together for a short duration, typically seven dating of seven minutes[143]. Amongst host websites with highest audience[1], there are LeSpeedDating.com and SpeedDating.fr in France, SpeedDate.com[144] in Canada, SpeedDater.co.uk[145] and SpeedDate.com in the UK, SpeedDate.com and FastLife.com[146] in the USA.

Blind dating

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Main article: Blind date

The company organize a « blind date » : the protagonists, previously selected in accordance with their assumed compatibilities, do not know each other[147] · [148] · [149]. These kind of dating may be occur in group, for instance over a meal (in the USA, 8at8.com organizes meals for four women and four men sharing commonalities[43]).

Group dating

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Main article: Group dating

Some websites (Smeeters.com[150] in the UK and in France, StepOut.com[151] in Italy) are specialized in group dating, a blind date inside a group of bachelors. This way of dating, particularly developed in Japan, may be related to a mix of blind dating (dating between singles) and slow dating (group outing).

Virtual dating

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According to the model of the virtual worlds for gamers, some applications have been developed to enable singles to be embodied in an avatar and « meet » in a virtual space. In the 2000s, Prof. Michael I. Norton claimed that virtual dating could provide benefit in the assessment of one's compatibility with the other[152]. In France, an example is the Orange software Come in My World, seen as a mix of the OD service Meetic and the metaverse Second Life[153] · [154]. It should also be noted that some dating sim websites ( « dating simulations » ) claim to provide gamers with the oppportunity to make real encounters : LoveParad.com, MySweetRoom.com or even MeetPursuit.com in France[1].

Dating by exchange of correspondence

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There are some websites that offer to meet in a epistolary way (EcrisLeMoi.fr)[155].

A card for a romantic rendez-vous

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The websites (CheekD.com and FlipMe.com[156] in the USA) provide the subscriber with a pack of black cards he passes or make pass to the one his heart desires in a party, in a café, at the restaurant or on public transport. The latter, by using the identifier on the card, will be able to consult the online message sent to her (invitation for a romantic rendez-vous, declaration of love). This way of approaching has the advantage for the subsriber that his choices are not limited to people registered on the OD websites.

Charity dating

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Main article: Charity dating

On the basis of charity dating where a celebrity charity auctions a date with her[157] · [158], the Belarussian website MaeSens.by enables to sell a date to the highest bidder ; the money collected is then donated to charities[159] · [160].

Slow dating

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Taking the time to meet in the real life rather behind a computer can be preferred. « Slow dating » is a retronym used to name the way of encountering offered by the websites treated to organize and/or to take part in a group outing/event/activity, whether it is a cultural, sport or just leisure activity[161]. « Slow dating websites » can be generalist (no mather the outing) or specialized in a kind of outing/activity (sport, restaurant, trip etc.) ; moreover, they can be friend oriented (like OnVaSortir.com) or love oriented (run2meet.fr, Boeuf-Lovers.com, Les-CoVoyageurs etc.).

Generalist slow dating websites : outing and encountering
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OnVaSortir.com (OVS) identifies itself as « a site of friendly outings in your city ». With a wide range of kinds of outings offered (exposure, concert, theatre, hiking , restaurant, dance party, karaoke, cafe-philo etc.), OVS is the leader among friendly outings websites in France, in front of MeetUp.com (that also enables to organize profesionnal meetings)[1] · [161]. The leader in the USA is MeetUp.com[162].

Furthermore, the outings websites can be romantic oriented : in addition to Meetic.fr or AttractiveWorld.net, which organize parties between bachelors [163], there are also in France VoyonsNous.fr[164] · [165], Wouf.it (for gays)[166]; LoveStruck.com in the UK ; in the USA, HowAboutWe.com enables the singles to meet from a common desired outing[167] · [168] · [169] · [1].

Slow dating websites specialized per kind of outing/activity
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Having dinner and encountering
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Boeuf-Lovers.com[170], MeetSerious.com[171] or PastasParty.com[172] suggest to encounter over a meal ; on Cookening.com[173], CoLunching.com[174] or IcookNmeet.com[175], encountering is not necessarily reserved for singles who search for their soul mates but also everybody who wants to widen the scope of their acquaintances.

Hiking and encountering
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In France, the website RandoCelibat.com proposes hiking activities between singles[176].

Doing sport and encountering
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Some websites suggests to encounter during sport activities : run2meet.fr[177] in France ; RencontreSportive.com and SingleInTheCity.ca in Canada ; Fitness-Singles.com in the USA and in the UK[1].

Practicing foreign languages and encountering
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The language exchange website PolyglotClub.com permits to find pen pals so as to improve general foreign language skills and to find new friends[178]. Taking part in a polyglotte café is also possible[179]. WorldFriends.com is addressed to those who want to meet new people worldwide[180].

Travelling and encountering
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Somes websites are specialized in travelling for bachelors (CPourNous.com in France ; MeetMarketAdventures.com in Canada)[1].

Housing tourists and encountering
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Main article: Hospitality service

From the 2000s, some sites has been developed in the « hospitality service »: CouchSurfing.org[181] · [182], BeWelcome.org[183], Servas.org[184], GlobalFreeLoaders.com[184] or HospEx.net[184]. Some of them emphasize the intercultural exchanges: HospitalityClub.org[184] and FriendShipForce.org[185] · [186], whereas others are specialized for families (WorldFamilyExchange.com), LGBT (LGHEI.org), or also cyclists (WarmShowers.org) or esperantospeakers (PasportaServo.org)[1].

Meeting strangers by these websites implies exposure to more or less important dangers.

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Les OD websites given in example in the article are displayed in descendant sort according to the rank of Alexa Internet. Update : 2014.
  2. ^ Le Figaro, Les catholiques s'enflamment pour les OD websites , 07/03/2008
  3. ^ LDS = Latter-day Saints = Saints des derniers jours
  4. ^ Elle, OD websites : Qui se ressemble s’assemble, 12/02/2008
  5. ^ 7sur7, La science peut-elle nous aider à trouver l'amour?, 15/04/2009
  6. ^ L'Express, Amour and politique ne font pas bon ménage, 21/02/2011
  7. ^ Le Figaro, Trouver l'âme sœur sur un site de rencontre « écolo », 18/02/2009
  8. ^ The Washington Post, Ron Paul Fans Are Dating Themselves, 20/07/2009
  9. ^ Time, Objectivists in Love: Ayn Rand Fans Get Dating Site, 15/04/2011
  10. ^ Les Inrockuptibles, Pour atteindre le Nirvana dès le premier soir, mieux vaut oublier Coldplay, 12/04/2011
  11. ^ Daily Mail, If music be the food of love... Spotify teams up with two dating services to help get your relationship off on the right note, 11/05/2012
  12. ^ Comment ça marche, Rockiz, le site de rencontre indé !, 24/10/2012
  13. ^ VS-Webzine, MetalHeart.fr : le Meetic version Metal !, 02/10/2012
  14. ^ Los Angeles Times, Finding the right online dating service, 14/02/2010
  15. ^ L'Internaute, Rencontres and réseaux pour gothiques, 23/02/2011
  16. ^ Première, Rock'n'roll dating : sortez avec un rocker, 05/06/2009
  17. ^ Press-Telegram, Rocknrolldating.com, a new dating Web site, matches users by music preference, 15/07/2008
  18. ^ Le Monde, A Berlin, les « hipsters » ont leur site de rencontres, 28/03/2014
  19. ^ Susan Rabin and Barbara Lagowski, Lucky in Love: 52 Fabulous, Foolproof Flirting Strategies, One for Every Week of the Year, 25/10/2005
  20. ^ Yuppie = Young Urban Professional
  21. ^ Vice, Sparkology is for Yuppies Who Can't Get Laid, 16/04/ 2013
  22. ^ The Daily Dot, Sparkology offers a dating site for yuppies, 08/02/2012
  23. ^ Agence française pour le jeu vidéo, GeekMeMore.com - le premier site de rencontre 100% geek, 07/01/2012
  24. ^ L'Internaute, Un site de rencontre pour geek, 23/02/2011
  25. ^ The Huffington Post, Ces sites de rencontre où vont les geeks pour trouver l'amour, 11/10/2012
  26. ^ a b Madame Figaro, Cherche amour (désespérément) sur le Web, 02/06/2011
  27. ^ L'Internaute, Veggie Date : le site de rencontre des végétariens, 23/02/2011
  28. ^ Hellocoton, www.rencontre-naturiste.com La liberté de vivre nu, 28/11/2013
  29. ^ Fox News Channel, Trip buddy websites mix travel with romance, 30/04/2012
  30. ^ Brian VASZILY, The 9 Intense Experiences: An Action Plan to Change Your Life Forever, 2011
  31. ^ The Huffington Post, Little Money For Travel? 6 Affordable Options, 25/09/2013
  32. ^ The Korea Times, Cyber pen pal becomes wife, 3 October 2013
  33. ^ Rebecca A. FANNIN, Startup Asia: Top Strategies for Cashing in on Asia's Innovation Boom, 09/12/2011
  34. ^ OutdoorsMagic.com, Monday Tip - Outdoors Dating Tips, 14/02/2011
  35. ^ British Heart Foundation, Nine top tips for enjoying the outdoors this spring, March 2013
  36. ^ Le Journal de Montréal, Sur l’inforoute de l’amour, 13/02/2013
  37. ^ CBS News, 8 Strangest Dating Sites, seen the 04/05/2014
  38. ^ a b Les Inrockuptibles, OD websites : en chien dans la niche, 07/02/2011
  39. ^ Le Parisien, Un petit empire du Net, 04/04/2014
  40. ^ The Atlantic, The Problem of Trespassing on Niche Dating Sites, 19/03/2014
  41. ^ a b c Arte, OD websites : le bonheur est dans le près, 03/06/2012
  42. ^ HelloCoton, RencontreMonChien.com, le site de rencontre pour ceux qui aiment les chiens., 20/04/2011
  43. ^ a b c L'Express, Six idées tendance rencontres, 10/07/2006
  44. ^ Time, Anyone Can Find Love in 2014 (And We Mean Anyone), 30/12/2013
  45. ^ The Huffington Post, Pets-dating.com : le 1er site de rencontres pour animaux s’ouvre enfin aux professionnels animaliers., 17/09/2009
  46. ^ La Presse, Trouver l'âme sœur sur le web, 12/02/2011
  47. ^ La Libre Belgique, Vidéos à la une : DatingDNA iPhone App Review, 02/02/2010
  48. ^ The Huffington Post, Vous ne trouvez pas le grand amour: faites une recherche ADN, 22/07/2008
  49. ^ TechCrunch, Ok, We Have Our First DNA-Based Dating Service: GenePartner, 22/07/2008
  50. ^ CNET, DNA dating site predicts chemical romance, 17/12/2007
  51. ^ 7sur7, Vos gènes, l'appât idéal pour trouver l'amour?, 23/10/2009
  52. ^ Slate, Les marins ont désormais leur site de rencontres, 31/01/2011
  53. ^ LCI, Aveyron : ils ont bravé leur timidité pour trouver l'amour après le labour, 04/09/2011
  54. ^ Le Figaro, Les agriculteurs aussi cherchent l'amour sur la toile, 26/02/2014
  55. ^ Le Point, Petite typologie des OD websites amoureuses, 04/02/2014
  56. ^ IQ Elite : je plaide non-coupable, votre Honneur, 11/03/2012
  57. ^ 24heures.ch, Sur internet, Cupidon n’est pas aveugle, 15/01/2011
  58. ^ Elle, 'Elite' dating site launches in Australia, December 2013
  59. ^ Scoop, Sex at Work – New Zealanders keep their pants on!, 13/05/2014
  60. ^ Le Parisien, Les intellos ont leur site de rencontres, 21/04/2011
  61. ^ Les Inrockuptibles, “Happy Few Concept”, le Meetic des surdiplômés, 21/04/2011
  62. ^ Refinery29, Monied Men: Adventures On An "Elite" Dating Site, 05/05/2014
  63. ^ Cosmopolitan, OD websites, accessed 27/06/2014
  64. ^ Cosmopolitan, OD websites, accessed 27/06/2014
  65. ^ RichMeetsBeautiful.com, accessed 27/06/2014
  66. ^ MillionaireMatch.com, accessed 27/06/2014
  67. ^ Le Monde, Asmallworld, le réseau social le plus huppé de la planète Web, 26/11/2007
  68. ^ Le Figaro, Attractive World cultive sa différence sur Internet, 07/04/ 2014
  69. ^ AttractiveWorld.net, accessed 27/06/2014
  70. ^ Le Journal du Net, "DateMySchool sera lancé in France l'année prochaine", 15/11/2013
  71. ^ Le Monde, L'adultère fait leur affaire, 15/03/2013
  72. ^ Libération, Cinq à sept, des chiffres trompeurs, 04/02/2013
  73. ^ a b L'Express, OD websites : enquête sur le business de l'amour en ligne, 13/02/2012
  74. ^ Le Parisien, Revivrea2 : le 1er Club de Rencontre pour veuves and veufs, pour continuer sa vie à deux…, 06/05/2013
  75. ^ Also called « free love ».
  76. ^ Dossie EASTON & Janet W. HARDY, The Ethical Slut « La Salope éthique », Ten Speed Press, 1997 ISBN 9780307790484
  77. ^ The St. Petersburg Times, A love triangle? Try a hexagon, 18/02/2007
  78. ^ Polygamy refers here to polygyny rather than polyandry. Conerning OD websites polyandriques, see those for polyamorous.
  79. ^ FranceTVinfo Au Danemark, un site de rencontres destiné aux célibataires voulant un bébé, 18/06/2013
  80. ^ Le Nouvel Observateur, "No kids" : j'ai choisi de ne pas avoir d'enfant and je me porte bien, merci, 13/02/2014
  81. ^ Terrafemina, Coparentalité : quand deux couples s'unissent pour faire un enfant, 06/07/2012
  82. ^ CNET, Hey, want to online date an inmate?, 06/05/2012
  83. ^ Dominique AUZIAS and Jean-Paul LABOURDETTE, Paris gay and lesbien 2012, Petit Futé, March 2012
  84. ^ Kevin ALDERSON, Breaking Out: The Complete Guide to Building and Enhancing a Positive Gay Identity for Men and Women, Idiomatic, September 2000
  85. ^ Petit Futé, France coquine 2012-2013, 18/08/2012
  86. ^ ABDL = Adult Baby / Diaper Lovers
  87. ^ a b 20 minutes, Top 10 des OD websites les plus improbables, 07/05/2013
  88. ^ Site destiné aux barebakers séropositifs.
  89. ^ According to the Urban Dictionary, the (female) cougar equivalent for male is « rhino », « manther » (man/panther), « dirty old man », « trout » or even « cheetah » .
  90. ^ According to the Urban Dictionary, the (female) cougar equivalent for male is toy girl, .
  91. ^ Slate, Les mystères de la gérontophilie, 01/05/2011
  92. ^ Cosmopolitan, Après les femmes cougars, les hommes pumas, April 2014
  93. ^ Le Figaro, Étudiante «sugar baby» recherche riche « sugar daddy » pour amour tarifé, 25/03/2014
  94. ^ Le Parisien, Le site Sugardaddy.fr incite-t-il à la prostitution ?, 04/04/2014
  95. ^ Time, Dating Website Offers $4.65 Million to Rename Texas City ‘SugarDaddie.com, U.S.A’, 18/02/2013
  96. ^ The Huffington Post, Free Divorce Being Given Away By Dating Site Sugardaddie.com, 22/07/2013
  97. ^ Daily Mail, Love is in the air! Sugar daddy, 31, uses traveller matchmaking website to fly woman, 27, to Cabo for extravagant blind date, 13/07/2012
  98. ^ Le Nouvel Observateur, Le site de rencontres où les femmes se font payer leur rendez-vous, 12/04/2011
  99. ^ Forbes, Paying For Dates - WhatsYourPrice.com: A Sleazy Proposition or A Personal Investment?, 19/04/2011
  100. ^ AskMen, Land A Sugar Mama, accessed 03/05/2014
  101. ^ New York Post , Columbia student reveals secret life as a male gigolo, 29/04/2014
  102. ^ Le Nouvel Observateur, Sites de rencontre pour puceaux, cougars, etc : les dessous d'un nouveau business, 11/06/2011
  103. ^ Le Monde, Les asexuels font leur coming-out, 26/04/2013
  104. ^ The Huffington Post, Asexual Relationships, Masturbation And Romance In The Ace Community, 06/06/2013
  105. ^ The Daily Californian, Sex is the biggest nothing, 29/11/2011
  106. ^ Le Nouvel Observateur, Adopteunmec.com ou le féminisme instrumentalisé : de la femme-objet à l'homme-objet, 16/01/2013
  107. ^ Comment ça marche, Beautiful people : le site de rencontres interdit aux moches, 02/12/2009
  108. ^ Metro, ‘Darwin’ dating site for beautiful only, 14/05/2007
  109. ^ The Huffington Post, Un nouveau site de rencontres réservé aux moches: une belle machine à fric?, 23/08/2010
  110. ^ Slate, Un site de rencontres uniquement pour les moches, 22/08/2010
  111. ^ Hellocoton, www.rencontre-ronde.fr Jolie and ronde pour rencontres calines, 28/11/2013
  112. ^ BBW= Big Beautiful Woman
  113. ^ Hellocoton, Ronde and Jolie, site convivial de mode and de rencontres, 03/11/2008
  114. ^ BHM = Big Handsome Men
  115. ^ SSBBW = Super-Size BBW
  116. ^ Cosmopolitan, Alerte WTF : un site de rencontre propose de trouver le sosie de votre ex, 24/06/2014
  117. ^ The Huffington Post, Match.com: montre moi ton ex, je trouverai ton futur, 23/06/2014
  118. ^ AuFeminin, Un site de rencontre vous propose de trouver le sosie de votre ex !, 24/06/2014
  119. ^ Arte, Rencontres sérieuses and positives, April 2012
  120. ^ The Huffington Post, PositiveSingles.com Is A Niche Dating Site That Actually Makes Sense, 11/05/2013
  121. ^ Gay.net, Dating sites for HIV-positive men, 30/10/2013
  122. ^ Le Parisien, « Les handicapés réclamaient un site de rencontres », 05/12/2011
  123. ^ UNAPEDA, Bonne entente, site de rencontre pour sourds and malentendants, 31/08/2014
  124. ^ Time, Anyone Can Find Love in 2014 (And We Mean Anyone), 31/12/2013
  125. ^ CNN International, Finding love online, despite health problems, 14/04/2010
  126. ^ Fox News, Dating Web Site Matches Mentally Ill Singles, 06/02/2009
  127. ^ fr:100 % Mag, OD websites pour ados : faut-il les laisser faire ?, 02/10/2013
  128. ^ CNN International, Airport dating: Love at first flight?, 27/11/2012
  129. ^ Le Journal du Net, Tinder, Grindr, Yosee... Le futur du dating sera mobile, 11/06/2013
  130. ^ Libération, «Dating Assistant» : dragueurs à gages, 14/12/2011
  131. ^ The Huffington Post, Looking For Love And Companionship Online, 06/05/2013
  132. ^ The Washington Post, The ghostwriters of online dating: A Q&A with the man who created Personal Dating Assistants, 30/04/2014
  133. ^ Elle, Reportage à New-York : profession Love Coach, 02/10/2014
  134. ^ 20 minutes, Cupidon lance ses flèches sur la toile, 04/04/2014
  135. ^ Le 19:45, Internet : ils draguent pour vous !, 31/08/2012
  136. ^ BFM Business, NetDatingAssistant.com réinvente le rôle des agences matrimoniales, 07/10/2014
  137. ^ Libération, «Dating Assistant»: dragueurs à gages, 14/12/2011
  138. ^ The New York Times, New Online-Date Detectives Can Unmask Mr. or Ms. Wrong, 18/12/2010
  139. ^ Daily Mail, Would you take a mate on your date? Singles event invites wingmen and women along for the ride, 22/08/2013
  140. ^ Daily Express, 'The first married couple I met made me cry', says dating queen Sarah Beeny, 12/10/2014
  141. ^ L'Express, Le cœr pour cible, 06/09/2004
  142. ^ Psychologies, Ma tête sur Internet, July 2003
  143. ^ NaviMag, Speed dating à Paris : à la rencontre de l'âme sœur, 12/01/2010
  144. ^ William PRIDE, O. C. FERRELL, Marketing 2012, 02/01/2011
  145. ^ Ned KOCK, Evolutionary Psychology and Information Systems Research: A New Approach to Studying the Effects of Modern Technologies on Human Behavior (Integrated Series in Information Systems), 19/08/2010
  146. ^ Ellie Slott FISHER, Paul D. HALPERN, Dating for Dads: The Single Father's Guide to Dating Well Without Parenting Poorly, 29/01/2008
  147. ^ Anne Dufourmantelle, Blind Date : Sexe and philosophie, Calmann-Lévy, 2003
  148. ^ Atlantico, Comment apprendre à éviter les pièges qui peuvent vous être tendus sur les OD websites, 30/10/2013
  149. ^ Cision, Des femmes célibataires imprudentes, 13/11/2013
  150. ^ Madame Figaro, Smeeters, social club, 03/05/2013
  151. ^ Le Monde, Des New-Yorkais chamboulent l'amour in India, 31/03/2011
  152. ^ Robert Epstein, The Truth about Online Dating, Scientific American, February/March 2007
  153. ^ Le Journal du Net, Confidentiel : Orange teste un service de rencontres en 3D, 18/04/2008
  154. ^ Clubic, 3D : Orange offre un lifting à Come in My World, 19/11/2008
  155. ^ Le Messager, L'amour au pied de la lettre, 17/03/2013
  156. ^ La Tribune, Rencontres sur Internet : l'art du ciblé(e) - touché(e) en un clin d'œil, 20/08/2012
  157. ^ MTV, Scarlett Johansson : un rendez-vous vendu aux enchères, 03/03/2008
  158. ^ Le Soir, Colin Firth se met aux enchères, 27/11/2011
  159. ^ Eventbrite, Social Entrepreneurship Mixer, 28/06/2012
  160. ^ European Radio for Belarus, Founder of “Maesens” portal: our service is not meant for prostitutes!, 21/02/2012
  161. ^ a b Femina, Le slow-dating séduit les célibataires, 23/01/2011
  162. ^ Les Échos, Les Français sortent moins par manque d'amis..., 11/06/2013
  163. ^ The Huffington Post, Du virtuel au réel, comment les sites de rencontres réinventent l'amour à l'ancienne, 14/02/2013
  164. ^ Télématin, Sites du jour, 01/03/2014
  165. ^ Les Échos, Le deal de la semaine : Voyons Nous lève 300 000 euros, 11/02/2014
  166. ^ Yagg, Alain Bartolo: «Depuis l’annonce de la fermeture de Zelink, j’ai reçu des centaines de messages très touchants», 06/04/2014
  167. ^ Le Soir, Les nouvelles technologies peuvent-elles nous rendre heureux ?, 05/11/2013
  168. ^ Santé Magazine, 20 mars : c'est la journée du bonheur , 20/03/2013
  169. ^ Christophe DESHAYES, Jean-Baptiste STUCHLIK, Petit traité du bonheur 2.0: Comment prendre soin de soi and des autres grâce aux technologies numériques, Broché, 20/02/2013
  170. ^ Canoe.ca, Un site de rencontre réservé aux amoureux de viande, 10/03/2014,
  171. ^ France Info, Saint-Valentin : l'amour et la cuisine font bon ménage, 14/02/2014
  172. ^ 01net.com, Meetic rachète Pastas Party pour développer des évènements entre célibataires, 20/05/2013
  173. ^ France Info, J'irai dîner chez vous, 15/04/2014
  174. ^ L'Express, La pause déjeuner 2.0, 09/01/2012
  175. ^ HEC, CookNMeet se met à table ! , 26/07/2013
  176. ^ Dominique AUZIAS, Jean-Paul LABOURDETTE, Le guide des randonnées and voyages à pied 2014 Petit Futé (Numérique), 06/12/2013
  177. ^ Hellocoton, Run2meet, le site de rencontres amoureuses pour les célibataires sportifs…, 25/10/2013
  178. ^ RFI, Le Polyglot’Club : Un club d’intercompréhension, 09/02/2011
  179. ^ France Inter, Au polyglot club avec Vincent Scheidecker, 13/06/2012
  180. ^ Rebecca A. FANNIN, Startup Asia: Top Strategies for Cashing in on Asia's Innovation Boom, 09/12/2011
  181. ^ Paris Match, Voyagez autrement grâce au "couchsurfing" , 22/10/2014
  182. ^ Le Nouvel Observateur, « Couchsurfing » : quatre histoires extraordinaires de canapé, 22/08/2012
  183. ^ The Guardian, Going local in Caracas, Venezuela, 19/04/2008
  184. ^ a b c d Anick Marie BOUCHARD, Guillaume CHARROIN and Nans THOMASSEY, La bible du grand voyageur, 03/07/2014
  185. ^ The Olympian, Friendship Force seeks world peace one friend at a time, 08/09/2014
  186. ^ The Washington Daily News, Friendship Force comes to Washington, 06/09/2014
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