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Public Speaking Article Notes

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The first reference given is not available anymore, or I don't know how to find it. Is it supposed to be linked? The link for the first article is incorrect. Correct one is http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/public-speaking-practice-and-ethics/s09-01-general-purposes-of-speaking.html The second sentence of the article is a direct quote from that link, therefore it's plagiarism.

The second paragraph under Methods and Techniques is unnecessary, only the last sentence should be kept. "According to professionals.....saying," That sentence also comes from the citation mentioned above but I wasn't able to find it, should be double checked by others.

Articles to edit

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_(sociological_concept) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_disinhibition_effect https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_rules

Online disinhibition effect Article Notes

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  • Does the first sentence need a reference? How often do things need to be referenced?
  • The second sentence uses words from the sections of the book to make one sentence but it isn't a direct quote from the author, is that ok?
  • maybe change link on first reference because you have to pay for it, example of better link http://truecenterpublishing.com/psycyber/disinhibit.html#selfboundary Found the original article through pbsc database, how can it be linked?
  • Half the information comes from one reference, John Suler.
  • Direct quote from New Yorker article & it isn't really explained.
  • copied sections from the book, I think the first section "you don't know me" is reworded well enough to not be considered plagiarism. Although a couple words are similar.
  • "you can't see me" section could be shortened
  • cannot find la bustina di Minerva book online,
  • isn't the "all in my head" argument going against the OBE because one would put a face and voice to those words, so one would be more inclined to be nicer, connected, etc?
  • The fourth reference is to a non reliable source, it's a bullying website.
  • Also direct quotes from said website.
  • referencing another blog, direct quotes
  • have to check the last sentence of the second paragraph under possible consequences
  • reference 8 is a blog post
  • last sentence has no reference
  • don't know how relevant the in pop culture section is, it could be expanded upon

PEER REVIEW FROM NELSON:

Overall great job Should definitely take out the popular culture part of the original article It seems that most of the original article is based off of one source and frequently directly refers to the source don't know if that is alright The replacements for the intro to the general concept and consequences section of the article seem great The adding the positive effects part seems like a good idea. Could possibly add how online disinhibition allows us to express controversial/political views. Lead to things such as the arab spring(just a suggestion. More than enough reference.

Bibliography

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Article Draft

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  • Remove all blog posts as sources, use more relevant and credible sources like the ones listed above.
  • Change general concept section, remove everything because it's all plagiarized from the same author. Bring in new sources in addition to the one used in that section so it's more balanced.
  • for possible consequence section, use more reliable sources. Add positive consequences as well.
  • Remove pop culture section .

Article Draft 2.0

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  • intro sentence: article->The online disinhibition effect is the reduction or abandonment of social restrictions and inhibitions found in normal face-to-face communication when using remote electronic communications. Many factors cause this disinhibition, including the appearance of dissociative anonymity, invisibility, asynchronicity, solipsistic introjection, dissociative imagination, and minimization of authority.
  • me: Online disinhibition is the lack of restraint one feels when communicating online in comparison to communicating in-person.[1] Anonymity, asynchronous communication, and empathy deficit contribute to online disinhibition.[2]
  • general concept -> intro:
  • me: Anonymity can make a person feel safe online, like a different person, one might even take on a new persona. It can also make one feel like doing or saying anything is possible because one will most likely not be reprimanded in real life.[1] Asynchronous communication is communication that is not happening live and it can take time for the original message to receive a response. [3] Asynchronous communication affects online disinhibition because one can send a message out into the internet and not get an immediate reply, and log out. Therefore, one doesn't have to think about what is said. On the other hand, this also gives one time to give a more thoughtful response[2]. Empathy deficit is the reduction of being able to identify with others' emotions.[4] There is an empathy deficit because of lack of non-verbal feedback.[5] Through mediated communication it is hard to know what tone and facial expressions accompany the message. So, it makes it harder to empathize with others. Both anonymity and empathy deficit make it harder to perceive others online as people with feelings because of the lack of facial interaction.[2][1]
  • consequences: article -> Perhaps one of the most serious consequences of the online disinhibition effect is the advent of cyberbullying in recent years. The website overcomebullying.org states that "[with] the advent of modern communications such as email, chat, text messaging and cell phones as well as the ability to publish online on websites, blogs and social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace making their message instantly available to millions, the bully's reach and powers of social manipulation have been increased exponentially".[4] The sitee goes on to suggest that "[perhaps] the internet lends itself to this indifference. Bullies don't have to see their victims or answer for their actions",[4] which seems to fit with the You Don't Know Me and You Can't See Me concepts. Cyberbullying may also include other offensive behaviors such as cyberstalking, revenge porn, and creating copycat accounts of others.
  • me: Cyberbullying is the act of trying to make another person feel embarrassed, intimidated, or bad about themselves through the internet. [6] Online disinhibition plays a role in the act of cyberbullying. Anonymity usually leads to meaner comments towards others (cyberbullying) but it alone doesn't cause cyberbullying. [7] Asynchronous communication allows the bully to say what they have to say and then log out like nothing happened, having to face no consequence outside of the internet.[8] Empathy deficit is what allows the bully to post the messages in the first place, the victim is reduced to a name on a computer screen.[2]
  • article ->Likewise, the online disinhibition effect might also be attributable to the controversial state of the comment sections on many online blogs, and on sites like YouTube. Blogs like Stop Anonymous Online Comments claim that the anonymity granted to Internet users leads to comments "[often] filled with exaggerations, outright lies, threats of violence, and blatant racism", and that "the vast majority of these reader comments are published in complete anonymity [...]". "This anonymity", the author goes on to opine, "fosters an environment that tolerates, even encourages, comments and statements that tear at the fabric that holds our society together". The general feeling is that the average internet user would not make such comments or behave in such ways if not for the invisible smokescreen that online usernames and anonymity provide. According to Norman H. Holland, "people regress" when communicating online because, among other reasons, the physical distance from other users and the inability to interpret body language and physical reactions results in a lack of direct feedback.
  • me: Racists, sexists, violent, and rude online comments aren't the direct result of anonymity.[7] Those comments arise only when other people are also saying things like that; online users tend to keep the same tone, civility/incivility as others in online posts.[9] [7]
  • add: Online disinhibition can also have positive outcomes. People that are shy, that feel they can't talk about certain things in their real lives, that may have no vocal outlet can benefit from online disinhibition without causing harm to others.[10] The anonymity of being online allows people to self-disclose more than they do in-person. [10]
    • Online disinhibition can provide a safe place people of the LGBTQ community, to share information and support one another.[11]
    • It can help students be more interactive in online classrooms, than they are in real classrooms.[12]
  • remove pop section
  1. ^ a b c Suler, John (June 2004). "The Online Disinhibition Effect". CyberPsychology & Behavior. 7 (3): 321–326. doi:10.1089/1094931041291295. PMID 15257832.
  2. ^ a b c d Terry, Christopher, Jeff Cain (May 2016). "The Emerging Issue of Digital Empathy". American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 80 (4): 58. doi:10.5688/ajpe80458. PMC 4891856. PMID 27293225.
  3. ^ "Asynchronous communication". Wikipedia. 2017-03-10.
  4. ^ McCornack, Steven, Joseph Ortiz (2016). Choices & Connections, 2e. Bedford/St. Martin. ISBN 978-1319043520.
  5. ^ Antoniadou, Nafsika; et al. (June 2016). "Possible Common Correlates between Bullying and Cyber-Bullying among Adolescents". Psicologia Educativa. 22 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1016/j.pse.2016.01.003. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |first= (help)
  6. ^ "Merriam-Webster Dictionary Cyberbullying".
  7. ^ a b c Rosner, Leonie, Nicole C. Kramer (August 2016). "Verbal Venting in the Social Web: Effects of Anonymity and Group Norms on Aggressive Language Use in Online Comments". Social Media + Society. 2 (3): 2–11. doi:10.1177/2056305116664220. S2CID 151552611.
  8. ^ Uhls, Yalda T. (2012). "Cyberbullying Has a Broader Impact Than Traditional Bullying". Cyberbullying.
  9. ^ Konnikova, Maria (2013-10-23). "The Psychology of Online Comments". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  10. ^ a b Lapidot-Lefler, N., Azy Barak (2015). "The benign online disinhibition effect: Could situational factors induce self-disclosure and prosocial behaviors?". Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. 9 (2). doi:10.5817/CP2015-2-3.
  11. ^ Miller, Brandon (September 2016). "A Computer-Mediated Escape from the Closet: Exploring Identity, Community, and Disinhibited Discussion on an Internet Coming Out Advice Forum". Sexuality & Culture. 20 (3): 602–625. doi:10.1007/s12119-016-9343-4. S2CID 147080795.
  12. ^ Martin, Kenneth (October 2013). "Leveraging disinhibition to increase student authority in asynchronous online discussion.(Case study)". Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks. 17 (3): 149.
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