User:Hemnq9/sandbox

• Article Evaluation: Inca Empire
• Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
  • The hyperlinks appear to work; however, many of the links take the reader to a page that is similar, but not exactly, what is hyperlinked. This makes the information misleading, and at times, go off on a tangent. For example, the "Inca civilization" hyperlink takes the reader to a page that talks about Inca society, mainly about their everyday life and culture. I feel like this under represents all that should be consider within the "Inca civilization". Several other hyperlinks were used in a similar manner, and definitely distracts the reader.
• Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
  • The article says that the "Inca Empire was unique in that it lacked many features associated with the Old World". The word unique implies an opinion. I think this could be reworded to show that the Inca Empire was different by being more objective.
• Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
  • In my initial review and as I'm just now learning more details about the Incas, many different topics and viewpoints seem to be represented.
• Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
  • From the citations I checked, they do appear to work. However, some of them link to pages in different languages.
•  Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted? 
  • Several of the links reference textbooks that have been posted online. However, within the article, the referenced is not explained well. For example, there's a quote that says how the Incas lacked the use of the wheel, and that this is the "words of one scholar". Who is this scholar? What credentials do they have?
• Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
  • Information appears to be up to date (to my knowledge). However, the section entitled "People" is very short and could be expanded upon. I'd like to know more about their everyday life and culture (within this article and not hyperlinked to another page). I think understanding how they lived is greatly needed to fully grasp what was the Inca Empire and their history.
•  Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic? 
  • Many conversations talk about misinformation or random phrases/paragraphs that were added. (khipu in the population section)
• How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
  • Rating - C-class, high/top importance
  • WikiProjects: current candidate for the Peru Article Improvement Drive, WikiProject Former countries, WikiProject Peru, WikiProject South America, and others
• How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
  • There are much more details within the article than what we've discussed in class (obviously; we cover a lot in class and can't get that into detail). However, based on reading the article, I can see that there are bias and choppiness to the article. In class, I clearly understand the relevance of each topic and how it affected history and the importance of that today. In this article, that importance isn't always clear. This article talks about many different aspects of the Inca Empire, but in certain areas, lacks details and significance of that information. If items were expanded upon (such as the section titled "People"), I think the article would be much stronger and prove more relevant.

Article: K'iche' People

We chose this article because the K'iche' people are a subgroup of the Mayan. The current Wiki page is very vague, and lacks reliable citations. I would like to go through and verify what little sources have been used, and add both new information and new sources. The history and people sections need expanded upon, and I'd like to add more on their society (everyday life), climate, presence today, etc. However, the information will depend on what we can find from the sources. One reliable source we have so far is a published field book called Roads to Change in Maya Guatemala by John P. Hawkins an Walter Randolph Adams.

We are editing K'iche' People

What to improve:

• Citations of the section titled “People”
  • Last 2 paragraphs are not cited; first paragraph citation needs checked and verified
  • Citations of the section titled “History”
    • Independent state (verify)
    • Where in El Salvador did the K’iche’ live (verify)
    • Influences of the K’iche’ language
    • Popol Vuh “book of events” (verify)
      • add details (already have reliable sources)
    • Migration of the K’iche’ people
    • Add info about Utalan (center to K’iche’ life and culture)
      • add details (already have reliable sources)
    • Battles of the K’iche’ and conquistadors (verify)
      • K’iche’ armies (deaths—verify)
      • Legendary figure Tecun Uman (verify)

Sources:

https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.mst.edu/lib/umr-ebooks/reader.action?docID=3039761

Utalan: The Constituted Community of the K’iche’ Maya of Q’umarkaj by Thomas F. Babcock

• Utalan was the political center and culture of the K’iche’ people
  • Center of trade
  • Attributed to many aspects of Mayan culture (society, language, military, culture)
  • Contains applicable tables and maps pertaining to the K’iche’ culture
    • Add to article as additional info/references
• Mostly about the main K'iche' city of Utatlan also called Guatemala
• Has a list of K'iche' rulers in order of reign
• Comes from the conquistadors so maybe biased. Bmdv23 (talk) 16:23, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

http://um9mh3ku7s.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MISSIONARY+EXEGESIS+OF+THE+POPOL+VUH%3A+MAYA-K%27ICHE%27+CULTURAL+AND+RELIGIOUS+CONTINUITY+IN+COLONIAL+AND+CONTEMPORARY+HIGHLAND+GUATEMALA&rft.jtitle=History+of+Religions&rft.au=Nestor+Quiroa&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago%2C+acting+through+its+Press&rft.issn=0018-2710&rft.eissn=1545-6935&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.externalDocID=3131748501&paramdict=en-US

Missionary Exegesis of the Popol Vuh: Maya-K’iche’ Cultural and Religious Continuity in Colonial and Contemporary Highland Guatemala by Nestor Quiroa History of Religions Vol. 53, No. 1

• Popol Wuj: important text that contained the K’iche’ ideas and beliefs (more general term than the Popol Vuh)
  • Written in K’iche language by the Kaweq K’iche’ people in mid 16th century
    • Important document to present-day historians
      • Widely read and study
      • Well-preserved document
      • Known for authenticity
      • 2 parts
        • Part 1: Legend of the first K’iche people and a history of the creation of the universe
        • Part 2: history of the K’iche’ until the arrival of the Spanish in 1524

• Priest could read it in 2 ways: as narrative and divine telling
• Translated into over 15 languages
• Animated film made about it
• “Maya Bible”
  • Very important to Guatemalan literature
  • 1971: Popol Wuj is officially considered Guatemala’s national book and stood for the indigenous people of Guatemala
  • Highly sacred book

Daily Life in Maya Civilization, 2nd Edition By Robert J. Sharer link: https://books.google.com/books?id=fmpFCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA126&dq=k%27iche%27+life&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjysO28quzWAhVl0oMKHZZuAXUQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=k'iche'%20life&f=false Bmdv23 (talk) 00:29, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

• Has some information on the defeat of the K'iche' by the Spanish.
• Has some terminology used by the K'iche'
• Some of their differences from the other Mayan groups.

Bmdv23 (talk) 16:21, 13 October 2017 (UTC)Bmdv23 (talk) 00:29, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

Lead Paragraph

Outline:

• K’iche’ people– who they were, where they lived, when they lived, significance (why they mattered)
  • Relevance to Mayan culture
  • Brief summary of the “People” of K’iche’
    • Population
    • Society
    • Military
  • What happened to them (Spanish arrival)
    • Brief summary of the “History” of the K’iche’
  • Contributions to society and present day
• The K’iche’ were an important people of the Mayan civilization. They contributed to the language, both written and verbal, culture, military, and the society of the Mayan culture. Indigenous to Mesoamerica, their creation of the Popol Vu, an important history and narrative of the K’iche’ people, has shaped and influenced indigenous peoples in past and present-day Guatemala. The K’iche’ people lived in the highlands of Guatemala, northwest of present-day Guatemala City. Hemnq9 (talk) 16:02, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

Draft for Peer Review

Copied the section of the article K'iche' people my group will be focused on editing. --Esqm8 (talk) 16:39, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

The below history section (mainly post-Columbian) from the K'iche' people article is what the group focused on improving and expanding. Hemnq9 (talk) 18:13, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

History

The history of the K'iche' people can be divided into two main historical periods, pre-conquest and post-conquest. Conquest occurred in 1524 with the arrive of the conquistador Pedro de Alvarado. --Esqm8 (talk) 16:48, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Main article: K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj

Pre-Conquest

In pre-Conquest times, the K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj was one of the most powerful states in the region. K’iche' was an independent state that existed after the decline of the Maya Civilization with the Classic collapse (c.300 - c.950 AD). K'iche' lay in a highland mountain valley of Guatemala, and during this time they were also found in parts of El Salvador. However, there is evidence for a large degree of cultural exchange between the K'iche' and the people of Central Mexico, and Nahuatl has influenced the K'iche' language greatly. The Spanish conquerors described towns such as Q'umarkaj (Utatlán), the capital of K'iche'. They bordered the Kaqchikel.

Post-Conquest

The K'iche' were conquered by the conquistador Pedro de Alvarado in 1524. Their last military commander, Tecún Umán, led the K'iche' armies against the combined forces of Pedro de Alvarado and their Kaqchikel allies, in an epic battle in the valley of Xelajú (Quetzaltenango). The K'iche' armies were defeated, and close to 10,000 K'iche' died, including Tecún Umán, who has since lived on as a legendary figure in the K'iche' oral tradition. After the battle, the K'iche' surrendered and invited Alvarado to their capital, Q'umarkaj. However, Alvarado suspected an ambush and had the city burned. The ruins of the city can still be seen, just a short distance from Santa Cruz del Quiché.

One of the main missions of the Spanish clergy during the conquest was to convert the Mesoamerican people to Christianity. Though they never fully converted the people, they did leave an impact on their language. The K’iche’ people were one of the first groups studied by the Dominicans and they were used to establish Theologia Indorum, a Christian theology text written in the K’iche’ native language. The text was meant to be a tool for transitioning the K’iche’ and other Mesoamerican groups to Christianity. To accomplish this, the Dominicans attempted to change the meaning of some native words to better reflect their ideals. They also utilized similar word, sentence, and rhythmic structure to the Popol Vuh. Esqm8 (talk) 13:27, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

See also: Spanish conquest of Guatemala

Popol Vuh

One of the most significant surviving Mesoamerican literary documents and primary sources of knowledge about Maya societal traditions, beliefs and mythological accounts is a product of the 16th century K'iche' people. This document, known as the Popol Vuh ("Pop wuj" in proper K'iche – "the book of events") and originally written around the 1550s, contains a compilation of mythological and ethno-historical narratives known to these people at that time, which were drawn from earlier pre-Columbian sources (now lost) and also oral traditional storytelling. This narrative includes a telling of their version of the creation myth, relating how the world and humans were created by the gods, the story of the divine brothers, and the history of the K'iche' from their migration into their homeland up to the Spanish conquest.

The Popol Vuh, from its creation to present day, has evolved into an important symbol of indigenous culture for present-day Guatemalans and people of Mayan descent. This sacred text has been used in religious and spiritual ceremonies, university studies, political movements and protests, and historical research into the lives of the Mayans and, more specifically, the K'iche' people. It was declared the official book of Guatemala in 1971. The Popol Vuh has been used by the people of Mayan descent in present-day Guatemala as an argument to defend their land and political rights in order to preserve their indigenous culture. To this day, the Popol Vuh continues to be analyzed and studied to better understand spiritual beliefs and practices of the Maya, and how it has shaped present-day cultures. Hemnq9 (talk) 18:55, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

Utatlan

The major city of the K'iche' in the western highlands of Guatemala was Utatlan. It was the political, ceremonial and social center of the K'iche' people. Though many of the Spanish conquistadors records do not depict it as a great and powerful place, it was very much so to the native K'iche' who lived there. The city covered an estimated area of 3.25 km² across the Resguardo plateau. Bmdv23 (talk) 16:30, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

K'iche' Rulers

The major city of the K'iche' in the western highlands of Guatemala was Utatlan. It was the political, ceremonial and social center of the K'iche' people. Though many of the Spanish conquistadors records do not depict it as a great and powerful place, it was very much so to the native K'iche' who lived there. The city covered an estimated area of 3.25 km² across the Resguardo plateau. The original beginnings of the elite K'iche' rulers is still up to debate but it is thought that the warlords traveled to the Guatemalan highlands in AD 1225. They began their migration after the collapse of the Yucatàn Maya center of Chichén Itzá, which is believed to have taken place around AD 1200. The elite warlords followed the Rio Usumacinta drainage, the Rio Negro and Rio Agua Caliente until they crossed into the San Andres Basin where they began early K'iche' settlements. These elite warlords were in small groups that were very mobile and consisted of mostly men. They began to intermingle with the local K'iche' populations soon after their arrival. A chronological list of the rulers can be made by using generation lengths from the first ruler and so on.

K'iche' Rulers

Dates (AD)	Name
1225 - 1250	B'alam Kitze
1250 - 1275	K'ok'oja
1275 - 1300	E,Tz'ikim
1300 - 1325	Ajkan
1325 - 1350	K'okaib'
1350 - 1375	K'onache
1375 - 1400	K'otuja
1400 - 1425	Quq'kumatz
1425 - 1475	K'iq'ab'
1475 - 1500	Vahxak' iKaam
1500 - 1524	Oxib Kej

https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.mst.edu/lib/umr-ebooks/reader.action?docID=3039761 Bmdv23 (talk) 15:24, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Peer Review by Ammhr2 (talk) 16:48, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

What does it do well?

• I really like the table of K’iche’ Rulers, it organizes things in a nice, easy to read way.
• I think that all of your ideas for possible additions are good and relevant to the wiki article, particularly the accounts of conquistadors and their interactions with the K’iche’ people.

Changes that I suggest:

• There are numerous mentions of the Spanish conquistadors in the Pre-Columbian section. I think it’s relevant information, however just in the wrong place, since conquest is Post-Columbian. (Completed by HEM)
• Make sure that the links to other wiki articles work before adding these sections into the actual article.
• There were a few grammar mistakes, if they were really small I fixed them myself.
• The wording of this sentence doesn’t entirely make sense to me. From the Post Columbian section: “The Popol Vuh has been used in the argument to the right to defend the land and political rights of Mayan descendants in present-day Guatemala in order to preserve their indigenous cultures.” (Completed by HEM)
• For clarity, switch the order of the paragraphs in the Post-Columbian section so that it talks about the Spanish clergy first and then the Popul Vuh. (Completed by HEM)
• Complete the History lead paragraph (removed from article- completed by HEM)
• The table of K’iche’ Rulers needs a sentence or paragraph talking about rulers that leads up to it.
• Since the Popul Vuh is so important during both the pre- and post-Columbian time periods, it could possibly have it’s own little section on it and its relevance to the K’iche’ people. (Completed by HEM)
• When did the Spanish clergy get to the K’iche’? Did they arrive with Pedro de Alvarado?

Most important thing they could do to improve?

• I think the most important thing they could improve is the order in which things are. The information is good but it doesn’t always necessarily flow well.

Anything in the article applicable to your own article?

• I like the table idea and may use it in my own article to organize measurements of things relevant to the Chapultepec Aqueduct.

Peer review suggestions and who addressed them:

·        There are numerous mentions of the Spanish conquistadors in the Pre-Columbian section. I think it’s relevant information, however just in the wrong place, since conquest is Post-Columbian.

• Hannah

·        Make sure that the links to other wiki articles work before adding these sections into the actual article.

• Emma

·        There were a few grammar mistakes, if they were really small I fixed them myself.

·        The wording of this sentence doesn’t entirely make sense to me. From the Post Columbian section: “The Popol Vuh has been used in the argument to the right to defend the land and political rights of Mayan descendants in present-day Guatemala in order to preserve their indigenous cultures.”

• Hannah

·        For clarity, switch the order of the paragraphs in the Post-Columbian section so that it talks about the Spanish clergy first and then the Popul Vuh.

• Hannah

·        Complete the History lead paragraph

• Emma

·        The table of K’iche’ Rulers needs a sentence or paragraph talking about rulers that leads up to it.

• Brett

·        Since the Popul Vuh is so important during both the pre- and post-Columbian time periods, it could possibly have it’s own little section on it and its relevance to the K’iche’ people. (Completed by HEM)

• Hannah

·        When did the Spanish clergy get to the K’iche’? Did they arrive with Pedro de Alvarado?

• Emma (if able to find sources)

Possible Additions ( Sources and Ideas)

This is where we will discuss addition to our section for K'iche' People article
Focus:

- Change of K'iche' language after the Spaniards came in. Source: Language, Catechisms, and Mesoamerican Lords in Highland Guatemala: Addressing "God" after the Spanish Conquest.

What we can specifically add to section: Based on Current Sources

• Names and dates of rulers, (possible table?)
• Accounts of conquistadors and early interactions with the K'iche'
• More specifics on Utalan

Bmdv23 (talk) 16:40, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
--Esqm8 (talk) 16:55, 13 October 2017 (UTC)