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| Gagauz | |
|---|---|
| Gagauz dili, Gagauzca ([gaga'uzd͡ʒa]) | |
| Native to | Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey |
| Region | Gagauzia |
Native speakers | 590,000, 138,000 in Moldova and Ukraine (2009)[1] |
| Latin (Gagauz alphabet) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Gagauzia |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gag |
| Glottolog | gaga1249 |
| Linguasphere | part of 44-AAB-a |
Gagauz (Gagauz dili, Gagauzca) is a Turkic language spoken by the ethnic Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey, and it is the official language of the Autonomous Region of Gagauzia in Moldova. Gagauz belongs to the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, alongside Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Tatar, and Turkish. Gagauz has two dialects, Bulgar Gagauzi and Maritime Gagauzi. Gagauz is a distinct language from Balkan Gagauz Turkish.[2]
Alphabet
[edit]It appears that the first alphabet to be used for the language was the Greek alphabet[3] in the late 19th century. For example, orientalist Otto Blau claims that plays of Euripides had been translated into the Gagauz language and had been written with Greek letters.[4]
Beginning in 1957, Cyrillic was used up until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Gagauz currently uses a Latin-based alphabet, modelled after the modern Turkish alphabet, with the addition of three letters: ⟨ä⟩ to represent the sound of [æ] (as ⟨ə⟩ in Azeri), ⟨ê⟩ to represent the [ə] (schwa) sound, which does not exist in Turkish, and ⟨ț⟩ or ⟨ţ⟩ to represent the sound [ts] as in Romanian. On the other hand, Gagauz lacks the Turkish letter ⟨ğ⟩, which had become completely silent in the Gagauz language.
Latin alphabet
[edit]| A a | Ä ä | B b | C c | Ç ç | D d | E e | Ê ê |
| [ɑ] | [æ~ɛ] | [b] | [dʒ] | [tʃ] | [d] | [e] | [ə] |
| F f | G g | H h | I ı | İ i | J j | K k | L l |
| [f] | [g, gʲ] | [x, h~ħ] | [ɯ~ɨ] | [i] | [ʒ] | [k, kʲ] | [l, ʎ] |
| M m | N n | O o | Ö ö | P p | R r | S s | Ş ş |
| [m] | [n, ɲ] | [o] | [ø] | [p] | [r] | [s] | [t] |
| T t | Ţ ţ | U u | Ü ü | V v | Y y | Z z | |
| [t] | [ts] | [u] | [y] | [w, vʲ] | [j] | [z] |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ә ә | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӂ ӂ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӧ ӧ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӱ ӱ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Э э | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я | | | |}
See also
[edit]
- Gagauzia
- Kazakh language
- Krymchak language
- Turkish language
- Urum language
- Khakas language
- Tatar language
- Kumyk language
- Qashqai language
- Salar language
References
[edit]- ^ Gagauz at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Lewis, M. Paul (ed.) (2009). "Language Family Trees: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas, TX: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-04-29.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ M. Ciachir. Basarabialâ gagauzlarân istoriassi / Chișinău: 1933, p. 133
- ^ Măcriș, Anatol. Găgăuzii / Bucharest: Editura PACO, 2008, p. 71.
Further reading
[edit]- Ulutaş, İsmail. 2004. Relative clauses in Gagauz syntax. Istanbul: Isis Press. ISBN 975-428-283-8
- Shabashov A.V., 2002, Odessa, Astroprint, "Gagauzes: terms of kinship system and origin of the people", (Шабашов А.В., "Гагаузы: система терминов родства и происхождение народа")
External links
[edit]
- A Gagauz song "Yaşa, Halkım!" by Andrey İVANOV
- "A Concise Gagauz-English dictionary with etymologies and Azerbaijani and Turkmen cognates" by Andras Rajki (download)
- Russian-Gagauz Gagauz-Russian Dictionary
- anasozu.com Gagauz language web site
Category:Agglutinative languages
Category:Oghuz languages
Category:Languages of Moldova
Category:Languages of Kazakhstan