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Korea has been expanding into a genre of popular culture in modern society as the entertainment that appeared with the concept of leisure time has developed for a long time. At first, music-centered entertainment was on the air, but over time, talk and confrontation were the centerpiece, and now, with various formats of entertainment, cooking, travel, and observational arts are becoming popular. Various formats of entertainment are now exported to various countries and attracted viewers from all over the world. This article covered the history and characteristics of Korean entertainment, the introduction of major programs, and the changes in entertainment programs due to globalization.

Korean variety show

In Korea, the entertainment that appeared with the leisure time of the public through the industrial revolution has been expanded into a genre of popular culture in modern society. Nowadays, authentic content is attracting attention, and real entertainment, which shows the true nature of entertainers in various viewpoints and formats, touches the emotional codes of the public and creates entertainment contents from terrestrial and cable to social broadcasting.

In short, Korean entertainment has recently combined human emotional elements with various entertainment formats that have flowed based on talk shows and confrontational entertainment in the 90s. Especially, it is difficult to express except 'observation entertainment' or 'real entertainment', and the complex personality of the entertainment emerges and it is matching the taste of the public with various senses. However, recently, entertainment has been attracting attention as a kind of social phenomenon as it has developed into the form and style of Korean entertainment, not merely as an entertainment program with enthusiastic response from the public.

Korean entertainment programs do not have a fixed format and combine genres of various televisions such as dramas, documentaries, and information programs. As a material of the entertainment program, the daily life of the public is actively utilized. The use of space and the accidental storytelling of sudden events or characters are combined with the basic storytelling of the main event, and the storytelling of the entertainment program is enriching.

Even if storytelling is effectively combined with entertainment, synergy effects are gained, and the power of real variety disappears, storytelling-based programs will be popular in the future. It is the homework of the entertainment PD to think about where to combine storytelling.

History of korean variety show

Birth background

When television was first introduced to Korea, the function of discipline and enlightenment of the public with entertainment functions was prominent. In 1998, the IMF crisis in Korea promoted the collapse of traditional family and social systems, and it was an important opportunity for the media to reenact and public awareness of everyday life. As a result, the trend of television programs has also begun to change. While television during the Park Chung-hee military regime focused on enlightenment, television began to reveal its character as a personal and emotional media around 1998, and entertainment that promoted comfort and fun was also strengthened. The television program crews who accurately grasp the demand of the public will concentrate their efforts on the television show program, which includes a "fantastic element" that will tackle personal everyday life and break down the boundaries between inside and outside the broadcast.

History of variety show

Since 1961, when TV broadcasting was first launched, Korean entertainment has been broadcasted by music-oriented performances similar to the song show. The show, which was introduced in 1964 with TBC, contributed to the establishment of the entertainment genre in our country. At that time, Korean entertainment was often organized in special forms rather than regular programs. In the 1990s and 2000s, entertainment was centered on talk and confrontation. and family entertainment from Korea's longevity entertainment center to Kang Ho-dong's live-in relationship, It has established itself. Most of the indoor sets were based on personalized and physical fitness tests such as humor code and vocal simulation.

The entertainments of the arts and physical entertainment such as socially and public interest performances such as let's read a book book, exclamation point - g.o.d's child-rearing diary and happy Sunday-flying shooting were popular, but the entertainment side was more popular than the two. However, because they have limitations in material and format, they have not been able to last a long time except for some representative programs. The trail of talk show and confrontation entertainment is becoming a signatory program of each broadcasting company such as Happy Together Season 3, Running Man, Radio Star, etc., starting with the Infinite Challenge which ended in summer 2018. The popular entertainment codes in the early and mid-2010s are Love Variety and Audition, and unlike the simple confrontational entertainment of entertainers, there are many real entertainment programs with human elements. It is popular because it meets both human instinct and happiness code, not just a simple 'entertainer personal period' which is considered to be the limit of existing confrontation entertainment, by adding various fun factors centering on the psychological changes of entertainers and ordinary people such as our marriage and pure general recruitment which have been popular enough to lead to the season. Heart signal, etc. Recently, it has attracted attention and popularity enough to get attention again in broadcasting.

Trend of Korean variety show

Pilot program

The pilot program is a program that determines the regular programming based on the viewer response through trial production and test broadcasting. Before the program becomes a regular program, the test program is produced in the format designed by the production team. If the program is broadcast, it will look at the reaction of viewers, and if it is a good response, it will be organized as regular broadcasting.

Since the mid-2010s, Korean entertainment programs have been produced as pilot programs, and after reviewing the reaction of viewers, patterns of determining regular programming have become common. These programs do not just end with a single broadcast, but they act as public goods to make sympathy among generations. The reason for producing pilot programs in Korean broadcasting is simple. No matter how hard you plan, no one knows the fate of the program until just before the broadcast, and it is a natural procedure for broadcasters to search before they pay huge production costs.

Observational variety show

Observational entertainment shows the personal tendency and thought of entertainers in everyday life, as well as mistakes, and gives special fun and psychological pleasure to know entertainers rather than contents or talents. It is not that there was no real entertainment in Korea from the past. However, mobile has a big impact on the emergence of various types of real entertainment. Since the spread of smartphones in the late 2000s, the Korean public has begun to concentrate on mobile contents rather than terrestrial and cable. In particular, MCN has expanded its influence to the extent that it threatens existing broadcasting by actively approaching and describing the life or interested materials that individuals want along with information transmission through interactive communication. Since the popularity of tvN contents such as Three Meals a Day, which has a big MCN character in the existing broadcasting type, and Youn's Kitchen, and New Journey to the West have become more popular.

The beginning of Korea's full-scale observational entertainment is MBC TV 'I live alone.' 'I live alone' hit the format of observing the daily life of the stars living alone. And in August, SBS TV 'Ugly Our Baby' appeared. At first, I was pointed out that I copied 'I live alone', but 'Ugly Baby' was an application of 'I live alone'. The concept of observing the single life of entertainers is the same, but it is the point that the performers are limited to male entertainers and their mothers appear as observers. As the program hit a jackpot with ratings exceeding 20%, the trend of 'observation entertainment' is accelerating.

Audition program

Recently, Korean entertainment programs have been so poisonous that audition programs have been loved for quite some time and are still loved by many people. In a country with a population of 50 million, a record of two million people participating in a program’s preliminaries was set by the 2012 Superstar K Season 4 (Mnet). When 'Superstar K' came out, each broadcasters were in the same or slightly different audition trend at the same time. The example is the Survival Audition K Pop Star (SBS), and Voice Korea (Mnet).

Food program

Muk-bang

Muk-bang has already become a popular content for broadcasting companies and Internet broadcasting. According to a survey, 65 percent of respondents said that they are the most popular content among Internet one-person broadcasts.

The real 'eating broadcast', which only sees the scene of sitting and eating food, has begun to appear on one-person broadcasts such as Africa TV. The Internet audience began to grow to see BJ(Online streamer) eating food, and the word “Muk-bang” came up, and then there were many programs, such as tasty roads, and Wednesday Food Talk

Cook-bang

In the past, most of the Korean cooking programs were close to life information programs where cooking experts and cooking researchers appeared alone and taught cooking. It is clearly a program aimed at Korean housewives. But the cook-bang is different. Most of them are in the form of entertainment. There are programs where different chefs compete. It tells the story of winning through fair competition and winning. For example Please Take Care of My Refrigerator. There is a cooking room with a story of relaxation, co-prosperity and empathy, Mr.Baek's home recipe(집밥 백선생).

Globalization of Korean variety show

Globalized variety show

Major korea entertainment programs

running man

Recently, Korean content has been widely expanded to China, Japan, Southeast Asia, North America, Latin America, and Europe. It has diversified and subdivided from drama, K-pop center to entertainment programs, movies, animations, games, publications and character products. Korean entertainment program Running Man is a broadcasting program that is a video entertainment program, and it is exported to China and Southeast Asia and is gaining popularity. Through the popularity of running men, the fan base of running man is formed voluntarily, and the members are leading to fan meeting and related product purchase. Running Man is gaining popularity from Chinese viewers with its novel planning, high-quality script and outdoor shooting, and realistic material. Thanks to the popularity of running man, the Korean Wave (Shin) started to blow again. Through entertainment programs such as running men, various Korean tourist attractions were naturally exposed to the public, which led to efficient tourism promotion. As a result, Chinese tourists visited Korea and experienced various entertainment programs. The Korean Wave entertainment program Running Man is a new Korean wave that is a charming factor that attracts Korean tourism and potentially affects the tourism industry. Foreign tourists have become interested in various aspects such as Korean culture, food, fashion, and shopping through a new perspective through a running man.

masked king

MBC's Mystery Music Show Masked Wang is a survival contest program that has been popular since 2015 and has been on air since now. The masked king has a 15 percent rating on the screen, which is different from the existing survival contest program. He has exported formats to six countries including China, Italy, Thailand, the Philippines, India and Cambodia. The Masked Wang writes masks and draws a winner through a total of three rounds of singing confrontations. In the form of a tournament divided into two groups, all matches are selected by the audience and the celebrity judges, and the losers of each tournament are immediately off the mask and reveal their identity. But the winner of the show does not unmasked and uncover his identity; the rule is that the winner will not be revealed forever unless he is defeated in the competition. The big factor in the box office is that the masked king can get away from the prejudices of people and only tell himself by singing. Unlike many other reality contest programs, the moment when the mask is peeled off and the hidden identity is revealed is strong due to a big reversal, so the topicality is often played by just being known. Even if you drop out in the first round, you often get more attention than the image of the performer is lost because you lack the ability to sing. So, compared to other similar survival contest programs such as "I am a singer" and "an immortal masterpiece", the performers of "Masked Wang" are relatively less burdened with victory and ranking, which is why celebrities in various fields are easily featured. And viewers' response to the program is also positive, so we expect to continue to be popular for the time being.

Superman is back

The family-style entertainment program, which is popular in Korea, is based on familiar and realistic contexts of all ages, and it naturally injects and reproduces the universal emotions of Korean society and strengthens them at the same time. In the end, television entertainment programs can be used as a very effective means of universalizing the ideology of a society. The authoritative father in the traditional patriarchal system, which has been influenced by Confucianism, has actively produced images of fathers who want to escape from fathers in the ideology of dominant gender roles devoted only to social life and economic activities in the public sphere, and at the same time, reinforce the inconsistency of such images and regenerate traditional gender ideology.

Export status of Korean entertainment format

The first case in which a Korean broadcasting company exported its format was in 2003 when KBS sold 'Dojeon Golden Bell' to Chinese CCTVs. However, since Dojeon Golden Bell, most of the Korean broadcasters' format exports have been at the center of dramas that have been popular in Southeast Asia. As Korea did not have an original format enough to export the format of entertainment programs and did not have the know-how or distribution network on formatting, it was difficult to export the format except for dramas that are highly interested in Korea. However, things have changed since 2011. Along with the dramas, entertainment programs for Korean broadcasters have begun to be exported. In addition to exports, there have been cases of local success based on key formatting elements such as the way Korean programs are conducted and the story. A major example is MBC's "Where are we going dad?" format, which was imported by Hounan Satellite TV in 2013, which was produced in China in 2013, has a viewer rating of over 5 percent in China, which is a success even if the viewer ratings were only 1 percent. Based on this success, it is heard that price of 'Where are we going dad? Season 2' format has increased by about 10 times. In addition, major music contests have been exported to China, including MBC's 'I Am a Singer,' SBS's 'K-Pop Star', CJ E&M's 'Superstar K' and JTBC's 'Hidden singer'. Then, in September 2014, four senior envoys and a young porter's overseas travel story sold the format to NBC. In addition, CJ E&M's The genius has been exported to advanced countries in formats such as the Netherlands and France, and SBS's Running Man has started co-production with China's Zhejiang TV, and is actively exporting Korean entertainment formats in quantity and quality.

Changes in the Entertainment Program due to Globalization

Korean television has been functioning as a medium for transplanting, reproducing and consuming multicultural discourses through programs of various genres. Korean entertainment programs have introduced foreigners with globalization and multicultural society, and this tendency is continuously expanding in response to public opinion. In a society where everyday contact with foreign migrants is not common, like Korea, media is a key subject to transplant and produce multicultural discourses and acts as a strong mechanism to form awareness among members of society. Various Korean media are broadcasting programs that foreigners appear in with globalization and multicultural society. Although there were intermittent format programs that foreigners had previously appeared in, recent programs have increased their proportion compared to the past, and they are expanding their roles and roles not only to experience Korean society or to solve the complaints about the domestic society, but also to introduce the unique perspectives of migrants on the cross-sections of Korean society.