Genetically modified bacteria

Introduction

Escherichia coli is the main bacterium that has been genetically modified. One of the most important applications of using genetic modified bacteria is Agriculture. Certain bacteria like Escherichia coli have properties that permit them to impact plants either by improving nourishment or protecting them from pathogens or insects.^[1]

Agricultural applications of bacteria

Bacteria genetically modified to be traceable and have helpful attributes have been built and disseminated in various trial field plots.^[2]

One class of microorganism are free-living dinitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizes that help root progression through the production for instance, phytohormones, that upgrade mineral and water uptake.

Another class is microscopic organisms that help to control soil-borne pathogens, parasitic nematodes or insects.^[3]

Bacteria enhancing crop nutrition by Rhizobia

Bacteria that have a nitrogen fixing function are living in a small knob to support the roots of legume plants and allow them to uptake nitrogen from the atmosphere.^[4]

Biocontrol bacteria (Control of insect pests)

The common Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, reduces damage caused by insects is. These bacteria produce a protein called Cry protien , which is an insecticide that targets the larval life stage of insects.^[5]

Conclusion:

Genetically modified bacteria have demonstrated benefits for use in agriculture. Also, Many ecological elements are important for the survival and utility of microscopic organisms discharged in fields. The spread of inoculant microorganisms was constrained. Furthermore, exchange from occupant populace to presented microbes was identified in one case. Also, the transconjugants were discovered just briefly in the phytosphere of plants however not in soils. No contrasts between the survival, spread, ingenuity in field and environmental effects of hereditarily changed microbes and of the relating unmodified parent strain could be identified.^[6]

^ P. van Dillewijn, M.J. Soto, P.J. Villadas, N. Toro, Construction and environmental release of a Sinorhizobium meliloti strain genetically modified to be more competitive for alfalfa nodulation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 3860–3865.
^ Y. Okon, Y. Hadar, Microbial inoculants as crop-yield enhancers, CRC Crit. Rev. Biotech. 6 (1987) 61–85.
^ C. Silvy, G. Riba, Biopesticides contre maladies, insectes, mauvaises herbes, in: A. Fraval, C. Silvy (Eds.), La lutte biologique (II). Dossiers de l’environnement de l’INRA n° 19, INRA, Paris, 1999, pp. 157–197.
^ G. Catroux, A. Hartmann, C. Revellin, Trends in rhizobial inoculant production and use, Plant Soil 230 (2001) 21–30.
^ M.J. Chrispeels, Biotechnology and the poor, Plant Physiol. 124 (2000) 3–6.
^ M.J. Chrispeels, Biotechnology and the poor, Plant Physiol. 124 (2000) 3–6.

[1] P. van Dillewijn, M.J. Soto, P.J. Villadas, N. Toro, Construction and environmental release of a Sinorhizobium meliloti strain genetically modified to be more competitive for alfalfa nodulation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 3860–3865.

[2] Y. Okon, Y. Hadar, Microbial inoculants as crop-yield enhancers, CRC Crit. Rev. Biotech. 6 (1987) 61–85.

[3] C. Silvy, G. Riba, Biopesticides contre maladies, insectes, mauvaises herbes, in: A. Fraval, C. Silvy (Eds.), La lutte biologique (II). Dossiers de l’environnement de l’INRA n° 19, INRA, Paris, 1999, pp. 157–197.

[4] G. Catroux, A. Hartmann, C. Revellin, Trends in rhizobial inoculant production and use, Plant Soil 230 (2001) 21–30.

[5] M.J. Chrispeels, Biotechnology and the poor, Plant Physiol. 124 (2000) 3–6.

[6] M.J. Chrispeels, Biotechnology and the poor, Plant Physiol. 124 (2000) 3–6.

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