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Jules Bianchi is the most recent driver to have been fatally injured during a World Championship Grand Prix. He died in July 2015, nine months after sustaining severe head injuries during the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix.
Three-time world champion Ayrton Senna suffered a fatal crash at Imola in 1994.

Formula One (F1) is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.[1] The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and vehicles must conform.[2] The F1 World Championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets.[3] The results of each race are combined to determine two annual Championships, one for drivers and one for constructors.[4]

Safety standards have improved since the first World Championship Grand Prix at Silverstone in 1950, where there was no medical back-up or safety measures in case of an accident.[5] It was not until the 1960s these were first introduced, as helmets and overalls became mandatory and the FIA assumed responsibility for safety at the circuits.[5] Steps were taken to improve the safety of the Formula One car in the 1970s; the cockpit opening was enlarged allowing the driver to escape more quickly in the event of an accident and outside mirrors became mandatory.[6] The 1980s saw further improvement in the structure of the Formula One car, with the monocoque being made out of carbon fibre instead of aluminium, increasing protection upon impact.[7] Following the death of Ayrton Senna in 1994, a number of measures were introduced in an attempt to slow the cars down, including bodywork aerodynamic limitations, a pit lane speed limit and temporary circuit modifications such as extra chicanes. Grooved tyres were introduced in 1998 instead of racing slick tyres to reduce cornering speed.[8] Safety measures continued to be introduced into the 21st century, with a number of circuits having their configuration changed to improve driver safety.[9]

This list includes drivers who have died during a FIA World Championship event (including practice, qualifying and the race), and those who have died while driving modern or vintage Formula One cars outside the World Championship. Track marshals and other race attendees who have died as a result of these accidents are not included in the list. Fifty-two drivers have died from incidents that occurred at a FIA World Championship event or while driving a Formula One car at another event, with Cameron Earl being the first in 1952. Thirty-two of the drivers died from incidents during Grand Prix race weekends which formed part of the World Championship, seven during test sessions and twelve during non-championship Formula One events. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway has seen the most fatalities; seven drivers have died there during the time that the Indianapolis 500 formed part of the world championship. Fifteen drivers died in the 1950s; fourteen in the 1960s; twelve in the 1970s; four in the 1980s and two in the 1990s. Following the deaths of Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna at Imola on consecutive days in 1994, no driver died during world championship events for more than 20 years until Jules Bianchi's death in 2015, from injuries sustained during the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix.[10] Three drivers died in the intervening years while driving former Formula One cars (two from the 1960s, one from the 1990s) in vintage racing and other events not associated with World Championship Grands Prix.[11][12][13] Two Formula One Champions have died while racing or practising in Formula One, Jochen Rindt in 1970, and Senna in 1994. Rindt is the only driver to have won the championship posthumously.[14]

Driver Fatalities

[edit]

World Championship Event

[edit]

Fatalities whilst competing in a World Championship Grand Prix weekend.

Driver Date of accident Event Circuit Car Session Ref(s).
 Chet Miller (USA) May 15, 1953 Indianapolis 500[note 1] Indianapolis Motor Speedway Kurtis Kraft Practice [16]
 Onofre Marimón (ARG) July 31, 1954 German Grand Prix Nürburgring Maserati 250F Practice [16]
 Manny Ayulo (USA)[note 2] May 16, 1955 Indianapolis 500[note 1] Indianapolis Motor Speedway Kurtis Kraft Practice [16]
 Bill Vukovich (USA) May 30, 1955 Race
 Keith Andrews (USA) May 15, 1957 Indianapolis 500[note 1] Indianapolis Motor Speedway Kurtis Kraft Practice [16]
 Pat O'Connor (USA) May 30, 1958 Indianapolis 500[note 1] Indianapolis Motor Speedway Kurtis Kraft Race [16]
 Luigi Musso (ITA) July 6, 1958 French Grand Prix Circuit de Reims-Gueux Ferrari 246 F1 Race [16]
 Peter Collins (UK) August 3, 1958 German Grand Prix Nürburgring Ferrari 246 F1 Race [18]
 Stuart Lewis-Evans (UK)[note 3] October 19, 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix Circuit d'Ain-Diab Vanwall Race [16]
 Jerry Unser Jr. (USA)[note 4] May 2, 1959 Indianapolis 500[note 1] Indianapolis Motor Speedway Kuzma Practice [16]
 Bob Cortner (USA) May 19, 1959 Cornis
 Chris Bristow (UK) June 19, 1960 Belgian Grand Prix[note 5] Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps Cooper T51 Race [16]
 Alan Stacey (UK) Lotus 18
 Wolfgang von Trips (GER)[note 6] September 10, 1961 Italian Grand Prix Autodromo Nazionale di Monza Ferrari 156 F1 Race [20]
 Carel Godin de Beaufort (NED)[note 7] August 1, 1964 German Grand Prix Nürburgring Porsche 718 Practice [16]
 John Taylor (UK)[note 8] August 7, 1966 German Grand Prix Nürburgring Brabham BT11 Race [22]
 Lorenzo Bandini (ITA)[note 9] May 7, 1967 Monaco Grand Prix Circuit de Monaco Ferrari 312 Race [23]
 Jo Schlesser (FRA) July 7, 1968 French Grand Prix Circuit de Rouen-les-Essarts Honda RA302 Race [24]
 Gerhard Mitter (GER) August 1, 1969 German Grand Prix Nürburgring BMW 269 Practice [16]
 Piers Courage (UK) June 21, 1970 Dutch Grand Prix Circuit Park Zandvoort De Tomaso 505/38 Race [25]
 Jochen Rindt (AUT) September 5, 1970 Italian Grand Prix Autodromo Nazionale di Monza Lotus 72 Qualifying [14]
 Roger Williamson (UK) July 29, 1973 Dutch Grand Prix Circuit Park Zandvoort March 731 Race [16]
 François Cevert (FRA) October 6, 1973 United States Grand Prix Watkins Glen International Tyrrell 006 Qualifying [26]
 Peter Revson (USA) March 22, 1974 South African Grand Prix Kyalami Racing Circuit Shadow DN3 Test [27]
 Helmuth Koinigg (AUT) October 6, 1974 United States Grand Prix Watkins Glen International Surtees TS16 Race [28]
 Mark Donohue (USA)[note 10] August 17, 1975 Austrian Grand Prix Österreichring March 751 Practice [16]
 Tom Pryce (UK)[note 11] March 5, 1977 South African Grand Prix Kyalami Racing Circuit Shadow DN8 Race [30]
 Ronnie Peterson (SWE)[note 12] September 10, 1978 Italian Grand Prix Autodromo Nazionale di Monza Lotus 78 Race [32]
 Gilles Villeneuve (CAN) May 8, 1982 Belgian Grand Prix Circuit Zolder Ferrari 126C Qualifying [33]
 Riccardo Paletti (ITA) June 13, 1982 Canadian Grand Prix Circuit Gilles Villeneuve Osella FA1C Race [16]
 Roland Ratzenberger (AUT) April 30, 1994 San Marino Grand Prix Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari Simtek S941 Qualifying [34]
 Ayrton Senna (BRA) May 1, 1994 Williams FW16 Race
 Jules Bianchi (FRA)[note 13] October 5, 2014 Japanese Grand Prix Suzuka International Racing Course Marussia MR03 Race [10]

Test Events

[edit]

Fatalities at test events involving cars competing in that year's World Championship.

Driver Date of accident Event Circuit Car Ref(s).
 Cameron Earl (UK) June 18, 1952 Test‡ MIRA ERA [35]
 Eugenio Castellotti (ITA) March 14, 1957 Test‡ Autodromo di Modena Ferrari 801 [36]
 Giulio Cabianca (ITA)[note 14] June 15, 1961 Test‡ Autodromo di Modena Cooper T51 [37]
 Bob Anderson (UK) August 14, 1967 Test‡ Silverstone Circuit Brabham BT11 [38]
 Patrick Depailler (FRA) August 1, 1980 Test‡ Hockenheimring Alfa Romeo 179 [39]
 Elio de Angelis (ITA)[note 15] May 14, 1986 Test‡ Circuit Paul Ricard Brabham BT55 [41]
 Maria de Villota (SPA) July 3, 2012 Test Duxford Aerodrome Marussia MR01

Non-Championship Events

[edit]

Including contemporary cars at non-Championship Grand Prixes, and historic races with cars from previous seasons.

Driver Date of accident Event Circuit Car Session Ref(s).
 Charles de Tornaco (BEL) September 18, 1953 Modena Grand Prix† Autodromo di Modena Ferrari Tipo 500 Practice [42]
 Mario Alborghetti (ITA) April 11, 1955 Pau Grand Prix† Circuit de Pau-Ville Maserati 4CLT Race [43]
 Harry Schell (USA) May 13, 1960 BRDC International Trophy† Silverstone Circuit Cooper T51 Practice [16]
 Shane Summers (UK) June 1, 1961 Silver City Trophy† Brands Hatch Cooper Practice [44]
 Ricardo Rodríguez (MEX) November 1, 1962 Mexican Grand Prix† Autódromo Magdalena Mixiuhca Lotus 24 Practice [45]
 Gary Hocking (FRN) December 21, 1962 Natal Grand Prix† Westmead Circuit Lotus 24 Practice [16]
 Martin Brain (UK) May 25, 1970 Nottingham Sports Car Club meeting† Silverstone Circuit Cooper T86B Race [46][47]
 Jo Siffert (SUI) October 24, 1971 World Championship Victory Race† Brands Hatch BRM P160 Race [48]
 Brian McGuire (AUS)[note 16] August 29, 1977 Shellsport International Series Round 11† Brands Hatch McGuire BM1 Practice [49]
 John Dawson-Damer (UK)[note 17] June 24, 2000 Goodwood Festival of Speed† Goodwood Hillclimb Lotus 63 Run [11]
 Fritz Glatz (AUT) July 14, 2002 Czech Superprix† Autodrom Most Footwork FA17 Race [12][51]
 Denis Welch (UK) July 27, 2014 Jack Brabham Memorial Trophy† Silverstone Circuit Lotus 18 Race [13]
 David Ferrer (FRA)[note 18] September 2, 2017 Historic Grand Prix† Circuit Park Zandvoort March 701 Race [52]

By nationality

[edit]
Fatalities by nationality
Nationality Total First Last
 United Kingdom 14 1952 2014
 United States 10 1953 1975
 Italy 7 1955 1986
 France 5 1968 2017
 Austria 4 1970 2002
 Germany 2 1961 1969
 Argentina 1 1954
 Australia 1977
 Belgium 1953
 Brazil 1994
 Canada 1982
 Mexico 1962
 Netherlands 1964
 Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1962
 Sweden 1978
  Switzerland 1971

By circuit

[edit]
Fatalities by circuit
Circuit Total First Last
United States Indianapolis Motor Speedway 7 1953 1959
Germany Nürburgring 5 1954 1969
United Kingdom Silverstone Circuit 4 1960 2014
Italy Autodromo di Modena 3 1953 1961
United Kingdom Brands Hatch 1961 1977
Italy Autodromo Nazionale di Monza 1961 1978
Netherlands Circuit Park Zandvoort 1970 2017
Belgium Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps 2 1960
United States Watkins Glen International 1973 1974
South Africa Kyalami Racing Circuit 1974 1977
Italy Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari 1994
United Kingdom MIRA 1 1952
France Circuit de Pau-Ville 1955
France Circuit de Reims-Gueux 1958
Morocco Circuit d'Ain-Diab 1958
Mexico Autódromo Magdalena Mixiuhca 1962
South Africa Westmead Circuit 1962
Monaco Circuit de Monaco 1967
France Circuit de Rouen-les-Essarts 1968
Austria Österreichring 1975
Germany Hockenheimring 1980
Belgium Circuit Zolder 1982
Canada Circuit Gilles Villeneuve 1982
France Circuit Paul Ricard 1986
United Kingdom Goodwood Hillclimb 2000
Czech Republic Autodrom Most 2002
Japan Suzuka International Racing Course 2014

Non-Driver Fatalities

[edit]
Name Role Date of accident Event Circuit Session Ref(s).
 Albert Camer (FRA)Jacob Hurter

Rene Meister

Spectator July 30, 1950 Nations Grand Prix† Circuit des Nations Race [53]
 Carmen Laguna de Lomas (ESP) October 29, 1950 Penya Rhin Grand Prix† Pedralbes Circuit Race [54]
 Secundino Sánchez Navarro (ESP) [55]
 Antonino Cavestri (ITA)[note 19] Spectator April 20, 1951 San Remo Grand Prix† Circuito di Ospedaletti Practice [56]
Unknown Spectator August 10, 1952 Comminges Grand Prix† Comminges Circuit Race [57]
 Oscar Argentino Cabret (ARG) Spectator January 18, 1953 Argentine Grand Prix[note 20] Autódromo 17 de Octubre Race [58]
 Rubén Carrillo (ARG) [59]
 Elvio Ulises Etchegaray (ARG) [60]
 Ítalo Gallo (ARG) [61]
 Juan Gallo (ITA) [62]
 Claudio Enrique Rivas (ARG) [63]
 Juan José Temprano (ARG) [64]
 Hugo Valdés (ARG) [65]
4 Unknown Spectators [66]
Unknown[note 21] Spectator May 24, 1953 Grand Prix des Frontières† Chimay Street Circuit Race [67]
 Unknown (BEL) Spectator June 6, 1954 Grand Prix des Frontières† Chimay Street Circuit Race [68]
 Unknown (BEL) [69]
 Peter Alders (NED) Spectator June 6, 1960 Dutch Grand Prix Circuit Park Zandvoort Race [70]
 Gino Arboresi (ITA) Passer-by June 15, 1961 Test Autodromo di Modena Test [71]
 Ivo Messori (ITA) [72]
 Eugenio Stefani (ITA) [73]
 Albino Albertini (ITA) Spectator September 10, 1961 Italian Grand Prix Autodromo Nazionale Monza Race [74]
 Roberto Brambilla (ITA)[note 22] [75]
 Mario Brambilla (ITA) [76]
 Franca Duguet (ITA) [77]
 Luigi Fassi (ITA) [78]
 Luigi Freschi (ITA)[note 22] [79]
 Rinaldo Girod (ITA)[note 22] [80]
 Renato Janin (ITA)[note 23] [81]
 Giuseppina Lenti (ITA) [82]
 Luigi Motta (ITA) [83]
 Paolo Perazzone (ITA) [84]
 Claudia Polognoli (ITA) [85]
 Augusto Camillo Valleise (ITA) [86]
 Franz Waldvogel (SUI) [87]
 Laura Zorzi (ITA) [88]
 Ange Baldoni (MON)[note 24] Marshal June 3, 1962 Monaco Grand Prix Circuit de Monaco Race [89]
 Günther Schneider (GER)[note 25] Paramedic August 4, 1963 German Grand Prix Nürburgring Race [90]
 José Carlos García del Castro (ESP)[note 26] Marshal April 26, 1974 Spanish Grand Prix Circuito del Jarama Practice [91]
 Antonio Font Bayarri (ESP) Journalist April 27, 1975 Spanish Grand Prix Montjuïc circuit Race [92]
 Joaquín Morera Benaches (ESP) Firefighter [93]
 Mario De Roia (CAN) Journalist [94]
 Andrés Ruiz Villanova (ESP) Spectator [95]
 Manfred Schaller (AUT)[note 27] Marshal August 17, 1975 Austrian Grand Prix Österreichring Practice [96]
 Frederick Jansen van Vuuren (RSA) Marshal March 5, 1977 South African Grand Prix Kyalami Race [97]
 Kazuhiro Ohashi (JPN) Photographer October 23, 1977 Japanese Grand Prix Fuji Speedway Race [98]
 Kengo Yuasa (JPN) Marshal [99]
 Giovanni Amadeo (ITA)[note 28] Mechanic May 15, 1981 Belgian Grand Prix Circuit Zolder Qualifying [100]
 Paolo Gislimberti (ITA) Firefighter September 10, 2000 Italian Grand Prix Autodromo Nazionale Monza Race [101]
 Graham Beveridge (AUS) Marshal March 4, 2001 Australian Grand Prix Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit Race [102]
 Mark Robinson (CAN) Marshal June 9, 2013 Canadian Grand Prix Circuit Gilles Villeneuve Race [103]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e From 1950 to 1960, the Indianapolis 500 was part of the World Drivers' Championship.[15]
  2. ^ Ayulo died on May 17, 1955, the day after his accident.[17]
  3. ^ Lewis-Evans died of burns on October 25, 1958, six days after his accident.[16]
  4. ^ Unser Jr. died of burns on May 17, 1959, fifteen days after his accident.[16]
  5. ^ Bristow and Stacey died in separate accidents.[16]
  6. ^ Having collided with Jim Clark, von Trips's car shot up the bank lining the track, hit a wire fence and struck several people gathered behind it while spinning in the air. Von Trips, who was ejected from the car, and fifteen spectators died.[19]
  7. ^ Godin de Beaufort died on August 2, 1964, the day after his accident.[21]
  8. ^ Taylor died of fifty per cent burns on September 8, 1966, thirty-two days after his accident.[22]
  9. ^ Bandini died on May 10, 1967, three days after his accident.[23]
  10. ^ After a tire had blown out, Donohue careened through a number of catch fences and billboards, a support post of which may have struck his helmet. He and Manfred Schaller, a track marshal who had been hit by debris, died on August 19, 1975, two days after the accident.[29]
  11. ^ Pryce and Frederick Jansen van Vuuren, a teenage volunteer safety marshal, were killed after colliding at high speed when Jansen van Vuuren was crossing the track to put out a fire.[30]
  12. ^ Peterson died in hospital on September 11, 1978, the day after his accident, as a result of fat embolism.[31]
  13. ^ Bianchi remained comatose in hospital until he succumbed to his injuries on July 17, 2015, more than nine months after his accident.[10]
  14. ^ Unable to slow down his car because of technical failure, Cabianca drove through an open gate onto an adjoining public road where he hit several vehicles. Cabianca was killed along with three other people.[37]
  15. ^ De Angelis died on May 15, 1986, the day after his accident.[40]
  16. ^ Experiencing a mechanical failure on his car, McGuire lost control and crashed into a marshals' post. He was killed along with track marshal John Thorpe.[49]
  17. ^ Dawson-Damer crashed into a wooden gantry at the finish line, also killing Andrew Carpenter, a marshal, and seriously wounding another. The 59-year-old driver may have suffered a fatal heart attack before losing control of his car.[50]
  18. ^ Ferrer died on September 7, 2017, five days after his accident.[52]
  19. ^ Cavestri died on April 21, 1951, the day after the accident.[56]
  20. ^ Spectators were killed in three separate accidents.
  21. ^ The unknown spectator died on May 25, 1953, the day after the accident.[67]
  22. ^ a b c Roberto Brambilla, Freschi, and Girod died on September 11, 1961, the day after the accident.
  23. ^ Janin died on September 14, 1961, four days after the accident.[81]
  24. ^ Baldoni died on June 12, 1962, nine days after the accident.[89]
  25. ^ Schneider died on August 6, 1963, two days after the accident.[90]
  26. ^ García del Castro succumbed to his injuries a few days later.[91]
  27. ^ Schaller died on August 19, 1975, two days after the accident.[96]
  28. ^ Amadeo died on May 17, 1981, two days after the accident.[100]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "About FIA". Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Archived from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  2. ^ Williamson, Martin. "A brief history of Formula One". ESPN. Archived from the original on April 6, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  3. ^ Hughes, Mark; Tremayne, David (2002). The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula 1. Parragon. pp. 82–83. ISBN 0-75258-766-8.
  4. ^ "2020 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). April 7, 2020. pp. 3–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  5. ^ a b "The fifties and sixties". Formula 1. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  6. ^ "The seventies". Formula 1. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  7. ^ "The eighties". Formula 1. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  8. ^ "The nineties". Formula 1. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  9. ^ "The 21st century". Formula 1. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  10. ^ a b c DiZinno, Tony (July 17, 2015). "Jules Bianchi dies at age 25, his family confirms". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015.
  11. ^ a b Savill, Richard (June 26, 2000). "Brother of Earl dies in Goodwood hill climb". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016.
  12. ^ a b "Grave incident mars Czech Superprix". Motorsport.com. July 16, 2002. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018.
  13. ^ a b "Historic racer Denis Welch dies in Silverstone Classic accident". Autosport. July 28, 2014. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018.
  14. ^ a b Benson, Andrew (March 13, 2012). "Formula 1's greatest drivers. Number 20: Jochen Rindt". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016.
  15. ^ "F1: A brief history of the US Grand Prix". F1.com. November 14, 2012. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018 – via Racing News.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Williamson, Martin. "Deaths in Formula One". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  17. ^ "Crash injuries fatal to Indianapolis racer". The Pittsburgh Press. United Press. May 17, 1955. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  18. ^ "Silverstone '58 – Hawthorn & Collins' all-English affair". Formula1.com. July 6, 2010. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013.
  19. ^ Collantine, Keith (September 10, 2011). "50 years ago today: F1's worst tragedy at Monza". RaceFans. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015.
  20. ^ Williams, Richard (September 5, 2011). "When motor racing really was a matter of life and death". TheGuardian.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013.
  21. ^ Diepraam, Mattijs (May 24, 2000). "The last knight of Grand Prix racing". 8W. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016 – via Forix.com/8w.
  22. ^ a b "John Taylor". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015.
  23. ^ a b "Lorenzo Bandini". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016.
  24. ^ "Schlesser dies in experimental Honda at Rouen". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018.
  25. ^ Edworthy, Sarah (July 19, 2003). "Piers Courage lived life to the full and was tipped for GP greatness". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012.
  26. ^ "François Cevert". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015.
  27. ^ "Peter Revson". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016.
  28. ^ Katz, Michael (October 7, 1974). "Driver is killed as Fittipaldi wins title at Watkins Glen". The New York Times. p. 45. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018.
  29. ^ "Donohue dies after surgery". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. August 20, 1975. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  30. ^ a b "Plaque to commemorate F1 winner". BBC News Online. June 11, 2009. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012.
  31. ^ "Ronnie Peterson". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015.
  32. ^ "F1's greatest drivers – 19 Ronnie Peterson". Autosport. Archived from the original on December 9, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  33. ^ Benson, Andrew (July 4, 2012). "Formula 1's greatest drivers. Number 12: Gilles Villeneuve". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016.
  34. ^ Benson, Andrew (April 21, 2004). "A death that shocked the world". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010.
  35. ^ "Killed while testing racing car". The Times. London. June 19, 1952. p. 4.
  36. ^ Diepraam, Mattijs; Muelas, Felix (2001). "The dashing Milanese that stayed young forever". 8W. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012 – via Forix.com/8w.
  37. ^ a b "Four die in Italian race car crash". The Times. London. June 16, 1961. p. 13.
  38. ^ "Bob Anderson". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on December 25, 2015.
  39. ^ "Patrick Depailler". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015.
  40. ^ "Racer dies of crash injuries". Boca Raton News. May 16, 1986.
  41. ^ "Elio de Angelis". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015.
  42. ^ "Charles de Tornaco". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on December 25, 2015.
  43. ^ "XVI Grand Prix de Pau". Motor Sport. Vol. XXXI, no. 5. Teesdale Publishing. May 1955. pp. 264–265.
  44. ^ "Racing driver dies after crash". The Times. London. June 2, 1961. p. 23.
  45. ^ "Ricardo Rodríguez". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015.
  46. ^ "Racing car death". The Times. London. May 26, 1970. p. 2.
  47. ^ "Martin Brain". Motorsport Memorial. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  48. ^ "Jo Siffert". ESPN UK. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015.
  49. ^ a b "News in brief: Brands Hatch crash kills 2". The Times. London. August 30, 1977. p. 1.
  50. ^ Harding, Thomas (June 27, 2000). "Driver 'died of heart attack before crash'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018.
  51. ^ "Fritz Glatz". Grandprix.com. July 19, 2002. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018.
  52. ^ a b Pye, Marcus; Benyon, Jack (September 7, 2017). "French driver David Ferrer dies after Zandvoort Historic GP crash". Autosport. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018.
  53. ^ "Albert Camer". Motorsport Memorial.
  54. ^ "Carmen Laguna de Lomas". Motorsport Memorial.
  55. ^ "Secundino Sánchez Navarro". Motorsport Memorial.
  56. ^ a b "Antonino Cavestri". Motorsport Memorial.
  57. ^ "Unknown". Motorsport Memorial.
  58. ^ "Oscar Argentino Cabret". Motorsport Memorial.
  59. ^ "Rubén Carrillo". Motorsport Memorial.
  60. ^ "Elvio Ulises Etchegaray". Motorsport Memorial.
  61. ^ "Ítalo Gallo". Motorsport Memorial.
  62. ^ "Juan Gallo". Motorsport Memorial.
  63. ^ "Claudio Enrique Rivas". Motorsport Memorial.
  64. ^ "Juan José Temprano". Motorsport Memorial.
  65. ^ "Hugo Valdés". Motorsport Memorial.
  66. ^ "Unknown". Motorsport Memorial.
  67. ^ a b "Unknown". Motorsport Memorial.
  68. ^ "Unknown". Motorsport Memorial.
  69. ^ "Unknown". Motorsport Memorial.
  70. ^ "Peter Alders". Motorsport Memorial.
  71. ^ "Gino Arboresi". Motorsport Memorial.
  72. ^ "Ivo Messori". Motorsport Memorial.
  73. ^ "Eugenio Stefani". Motorsport Memorial.
  74. ^ "Albino Albertini". Motorsport Memorial.
  75. ^ "Roberto Brambilla". Motorsport Memorial.
  76. ^ "Mario Brambilla". Motorsport Memorial.
  77. ^ "Franca Duguet". Motorsport Memorial.
  78. ^ "Luigi Fassi". Motorsport Memorial.
  79. ^ "Luigi Freschi". Motorsport Memorial.
  80. ^ "Rinaldo Girod". Motorsport Memorial.
  81. ^ a b "Renato Janin". Motorsport Memorial.
  82. ^ "Giuseppina Lenti". Motorsport Memorial.
  83. ^ "Luigi Motta". Motorsport Memorial.
  84. ^ "Paolo Perazzone". Motorsport Memorial.
  85. ^ "Claudia Polognoli". Motorsport Memorial.
  86. ^ "Augusto Camillo Valleise". Motorsport Memorial.
  87. ^ "Franz Waldvogel". Motorsport Memorial.
  88. ^ "Laura Zorzi". Motorsport Memorial.
  89. ^ a b "Ange Baldoni". Motorsport Memorial.
  90. ^ a b "Günther Schneider". Motorsport Memorial.
  91. ^ a b "José Carlos García del Castro". Motorsport Memorial.
  92. ^ "Antonio Font Bayarri". Motorsport Memorial.
  93. ^ "Joaquín Morera Benaches". Motorsport Memorial.
  94. ^ "Mario De Roia". Motorsport Memorial.
  95. ^ "Andrés Ruiz Villanova". Motorsport Memorial.
  96. ^ a b "Manfred Schaller". Motorsport Memorial.
  97. ^ "Frederick Jansen van Vuuren". Motorsport Memorial.
  98. ^ "Kazuhiro Ohashi". Motorsport Memorial.
  99. ^ "Kengo Yuasa". Motorsport Memorial.
  100. ^ a b "Giovanni Amadeo". Motorsport Memorial.
  101. ^ "Paolo Gislimberti". Motorsport Memorial.
  102. ^ "Graham Beveridge". Motorsport Memorial.
  103. ^ "Mark Robinson". Motorsport Memorial.
[edit]

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