User:Goatmanatee/Timeline of International Trade/sandbox

This article favors trade between settled cities in the Old World, and focuses on late modern and contemporary history. Trade in the Americas, East Asia, Central Asia, Subsaharan Africa, and Oceania could be expanded on, as could information on pre-modern trade routes. It is also slightly biased in favor of free trade. However, it does a good job in singling out which cities were significant centers of trade, and is ambitious in scope.

I intend to add information on trade with the Swahili coast, Mali, the Trans-Saharan Trade, early city states in Central Asia, Mesoamerica, the domestication of alpacas, the Manilla Galleons, registered ships, and smuggling to Spanish America.

The article is also missing any mention of the slave trade or Triangular Trade, the Hopewell Exchange, the Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the development of the triangular sail, the development of the cargo plane, smuggling routes as with drugs or prohibition, the English trade in wool and later textiles that led to the Industrial Revolution, mercantilism, capitalism, trading companies, the trading routes of Carthage and the Phoenicians, the trade routes of Venice and the Byzantines, the trade routes of the Mongols, the trade routes of Latin American countries, or the trade routes of the Asian Tigers.

Chronology of events

The desert Cities in the Negev were linked to the Mediterranean end of the ancient Incense Route.

Ancient

• Indus–Mesopotamia trade
• Records from the 19th century BCE attest to the existence of an Assyrian merchant colony at Kanesh in Cappadocia.
• The domestication of Dromedary camels around 2,000 BC allows Arabian nomads to control long distance trade in spices and silk from the Far East.
• The Egyptians trade in the Red Sea, importing spices from the "Land of Punt" and from Arabia.
• Indian goods are brought in Arabian vessels to Aden.
• The "ships of Tarshish", a Syrian fleet equipped at Ezion-Geber, make several trading voyages to the East bringing back gold, silver, ivory and precious stones.
• Goliath-Pileser III attacks Gaza in order to control trade along the Incense Route.
• The Greek Ptolemaic dynasty exploits trading opportunities with India prior to the Roman involvement.
• The cargo from the India and Egypt trade is shipped to Aden.

Roman trade with India according to the Periplus Maris Erythraei, 1st century CE.

• The Silk Road is established after the diplomatic travels of the Han Dynasty Chinese envoy Zhang Qian to Central Asia, with Chinese goods making their way to India, Persia, and the Roman Empire, and vice versa.
• With the establishment of Roman Egypt, the Romans initiate trade with India.
• The goods from the East African trade are landed at one of the three main Roman ports, Arsing, Berenice or Moos Hormones.
• Moos Hormones and Berenice (rose to prominence during the 1st century BCE) appear to have been important ancient trading ports.
• Hanger controls the Incense trade routes across Arabia to the Mediterranean and exercises control over the trading of aromatics to Babylon in the 1st century BC. Additionally, it served as a port of entry for goods shipped from India to the East.
• Due to its prominent position in the incense trade, Yemen attracts settlers from the fertile crescent.
• Pres-Islamic Mecca's use the old Incense Route to benefit from the heavy Roman demand for luxury goods.
• In Java and Borneo, the introduction of Indian culture creates a demand for aromatics. These trading outposts later serve the Chinese and Arab markets.
• Following the demise of the incense trade Yemen takes to the export of coffee via the Red Sea port of la-Mocha.

Middle Ages

• The Abbasids use Alexandria, Tammie, Aden and Sirrah as entry ports to India and China.
• At the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital at Chang'an becomes a major metropolitan center for foreign trade, travel, and residence. This role would be assumed by Kaifeng and Hangzhou during the Song Dynasty.
• Guangzhou was China's greatest international seaport during the Tang Dynasty (618–907), but its importance was eclipsed by the international seaport of Lanzhou during the Song Dynasty (960–1279).
• Merchants arriving from India in the port city of Aden pay tribute in the form of musk, camphor, ambergris and sandalwood to Ibn Riyadh, the sultan of Yemen.
• Indian exports of spices find mention in the works of Ibo Khurdadhbeh (850), AL-Afghani (1150) and Lakisha bin Trimaran (907).
• The Hanseatic League secures trading privileges and market rights in England for goods from the League's trading cities in 1157.

Early modern

• Due to the Turkish hold on the Levant during the second half of the 15th century the traditional Spice Route shifts from the Persian Gulf to the Red Sea.
• India's Bengal Sultanate, later absorbed to into Mughal Bengal, a major trading nation in the world, was responsible for 12% of Global industrial output between the 15th and 17th centuries, signalling the Proto-industrialization.
• Marco Polo international trade in China
• Republic of Genoa international trades
• In 1492 a Spanish expedition commanded by Christopher Columbus arrived in America.
• Portuguese diplomat Pero de Covilha (1460 – after 1526) undertakes a mission to explore the trade routes of the Near East and the adjoining regions of Asia and Africa. The exploration commenced from Santana (1487) to Barcelona, Naples, Alexandria, Cairo and ultimately to India.
• Portuguese explorer and adventurer Vasco da Gama is credited with establishing another sea route from Europe to India.
• In the 1530s, the Portuguese ship spices to Hormuz.
• Japan introduced a system of foreign trade licenses to prevent smuggling and piracy in 1592.
• The first Dutch expedition left Amsterdam (April 1595) for South East Asia.
• A Dutch convoy sailed in 1598 and returned one year later with 600,000 pounds of spices and other East Indian products.
• The Dutch East India Company is formed in 1602 and received huge imports from the Mughal India, especially Bengal Subah.
• The first English outpost in the East Indies is established in Sumatra in 1685.
• Japan introduces the closed door policy regarding trade (Japan was sealed off to foreigners and only very selective trading to the Dutch and Chinese was allowed) in 1639.
• The 17th century saw military disturbances around the Ottawa river trade route. During the late 18th century, the French built military forts at strategic locations along the main trade routes of Canada. These forts checked the British advances, served as trading posts which included the Native Americans in fur trade and acted as communications posts.
• In 1799, The Dutch East India company, formerly the world's largest company goes bankrupt, partly due to the rise of competitive free trade.