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Nazi philosophers or Nazi intellectuals were philosophers, thinkers, poets, or opinion-makers, who were members of the Nazi Party or who’s ideas – writings – speeches furthered the Nazi or Fascist parties. In addition, the list includes other such persons whose ideas were explicitly taken up at the time by Nazi ideology or Fascist ideology especially in relationship to racism.

It should be noted that Nazism is actually a contraction of the German word Nationalsozialismus, derived from the official German name of Hitler’s party, Nationalsozialische Deutsche Arbeterpartei, NSDAP.[1] It is considered by many scholars to be a form of fascism. [2] While it incorporated elements from both political wings, it formed most of its alliances on the political right.[3] Hence the inclusion of individuals that many consider or know only as Fascist.

We also include here philosophers or intellectuals who were actively suppressed by the Nazi regime. In a sense this destructive or barbaric approach of Nazism to the history of philosophy may be even be more relevant to the topic of Nazi philosophy.

Philosophers, Sociologists

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Philosophers, Sociologists, who were Used or Misused by the Nazi or Fascist parties
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Philosophers, Sociologists who were suppressed by the Nazi regime
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Theologians, Anthropologists, Ethnologists, Culturalists, Linguists

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Writers, Artists

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  • Ernst Jünger[25](he later fell out with the Nazi party though was a member initially)
Writers, Artists, who were Used or Misused by the Nazi or Fascist parties
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Writers, Artists who were suppressed by the Nazi regime
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Almost all modernist art was considered degenerate by the Nazi regime. Amongst those who were suppressed both during the Nazi books Burnings and the attempt to destroy modernist fine art in the "degenerate"art exhibition were[30]:

Biologists, Zoologists, Physicians

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Politicians, Polemicists, Journalists, Publishers

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We do not include all political figures, many of the more well knows ones for whom it could be argued were influential ideologically and hence philosophically if only locally so.

Bankers, Corporate bodies

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See also

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For the use, or misuse, the Nazi party made of other philosophers, intellectuals and concepts, see,

There were of course other Nazi Philosophers but in a very different sense: the philosophers and writers that were suppressed by Nazism, and this in a sense shows the Nazi ideology's negative image. The list included much more philosophy than is covered by the list given above of those taken up by Nazi ideology, it also includes whole areas of the intellectual life of the early twentieth century: psychoanalysis, text's by Jewish intellectuals, and of course, authors of the left, see:

The 1933 Nazi book burnings included authors such as:


For a more general list of German public figures who were prominent before and after the war see,

References

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  1. ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary – 2008[1]
  2. ^ National Interest – Democracy’s Trojan Horse – J. Fonte - 2004 [2]
  3. ^ Fritzsche, Peter. 1998. Germans into Nazis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Eatwell, Roger, Fascism, A History, Viking/Penguin, 1996, pp.xvii-xxiv, 21, 26–31, 114–140, 352. Griffin, Roger. 2000. "Revolution from the Right: Fascism," chapter in David Parker (ed.) Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560-1991, Routledge, London.
  4. ^ Hannah Arendt/Martin Heidegger - E Ettinger - Yale University Press - 1995 - ISBM 0300072546 [3]
  5. ^ Historical Studies in Education – Lutz Neithammer – London, Verso – 1992 page 158. [4]
  6. ^ FROM SOCIALISM TO FASCISM: THE RELATION BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE WORK OF ROBERT MICHELS II. - The Fascist Ideologue - D Beetham - Political Studies, 1977 - Blackwell Synergy. [5]
  7. ^ The Doctrine of Fascism – Wikipedia [6]
  8. ^ The Doctrine of Fascism - BENITO MUSSOLINI - Enciclopedia Italiana – 1932, pp 874-884 [7]
  9. ^ Socialism between fact and value: from Tony Blair to Hendrik de Man and back – Journal of Political Ideologies - D Pels – 2002 [8]
  10. ^ Vilfredo Pareto, By John Cunningham Wood, Michael McLure, Routledge, London, 1999, p. 331
  11. ^ The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany: 1890 -1990 - SE Aschheim - 1992 - University of California Press - ISBN 0520085558[9]
  12. ^ The Journal of Value Inquiry, Volume 31, Number 3, September 1997 , pp. 425-428(4) - Author: Perricone C.
  13. ^ The Engineer as Ideologue: Reactionary Modernists in Weimar and Nazi Germany - J Herf - Journal of Contemporary History (SAGE, London, Beverly Hills …, 1984 – [10]
  14. ^ No More Heroes by Edward Skidelsky, Prospect Magazine, March 2006
  15. ^ The New Race Consciousness: Race, Nation, and Empire in American Culture, 1910-1925 – Matthew Pratt – Journal of Word History – Volume 10, Number , Fall 1999 pp.307-352.[11]
  16. ^ Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism - A James Gregor - Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 1998 – Elsevier. [12]
  17. ^ Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer: The Nazi Annexation of Austria, 1938 - D Wagner, G Tomkowitz - 1971 - Prentice Hall Press
  18. ^ Evans, Richard J (2004). The Coming of the Third Reich. London: Penguin Books. pp. 178–179. ISBN 0-141-00975-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  19. ^ Basic Writings of Nietzsche, New York: The Modern Library, 2000, p. 604, n. 2]
  20. ^ DİN BİLİMLERİNİN TARİHÇESİ - Dr. Jacques WAARDENBURG - 2004/1 (281-295 s.) [13]
  21. ^ Stern, Fritz The Politics of Cultural Despair: a study in the Rise of the Germanic Ideology, 1961 (see Chapter I, "Paul de Lagarde and a Germanic Religion").
  22. ^ Essai sur l’inégalité des races humaines - A de Gobineau, H Juin - 1940 - uqac.ca. [14]
  23. ^ Journal of Church and State - JC Fout - ADOLF STOECKER!S RATIONALE FOR ANTI-SEMITISM – 1975. [15]
  24. ^ Friedrich Nietzsche - Antisemit oder Judenfreund? - T Hanke - 2003 - GRIN Verlag [16]
  25. ^ Zur Wirkung Nietzsches - H Ester, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen Centre for German Studies- 2001 [17]
  26. ^ Wendy Stallard Flory "Pound and Antisemitism", in Ira B. Nadel (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Ezra Pound, 1999, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-64920-X, ISBN 0-521-43117-4.
  27. ^ Charlotte Higgins, How the Nazis took flight from Valkyries and Rhinemaidens, The Guardian 3 July 2007
  28. ^ His endorsement of the German Faith Movement in Jung, Carl G. (1970); Collected Works, Volume 10; Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; ISBN 0 7100 1640 9; p 190-191.
  29. ^ Jung, Carl G. (1970); Collected Works, Volume 10; Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; ISBN 0 7100 1640 9; p 190-191.
  30. ^ Adam, Peter (1992). Art of the Third Reich. New York:, Harry N. Abrams, Inc.., pp. 121-122
  31. ^ Adam, Peter (1992). Art of the Third Reich. New York:, Harry N. Abrams, Inc.., pp. 121-122
  32. ^ Christopher Hale Himmler's Crusade: the True Story of the 1938 Nazi Expedition into Tibet Bantam, 2004 ISBN 978-0553814453
  33. ^ "Die Tüchtigkeit unserer Rasse und der Schutz der Schwachen", 1893, p. 141, 142. cited by Massimo Ferari Zumbini: The roots of evil. Gründerjahre des Antisemitismus: Von der Bismarckzeit zu Hitler , Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 2003, ISBN 3-465-03222-5 , p.406
  34. ^ Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 1959, p.105 of 1985 Bookclub Associates Edition.
  35. ^ Nazi Ideology: Some Unfinished Business - BM Lane - Central European History, 1974 - jstor.org [18]
  36. ^ The Number One Nazi Jew-baiter: A Political Biography of Julius Streicher, Hitler's Chief Anti- … WP Varga - 1981 - Carlton Press
  37. ^ Modern Austria Empire and Republic - B Jelavich – 1987 – Pages 193 – 222 [19]
  38. ^ The Austrian Heimwehr - L Jedlicka - Journal of Contemporary History, 1966 – JSTOR
  39. ^ Reading the Dollfuss Years - Allinson, Mark - Austrian Studies, Volume 14, Number 1, 1 october 2006 , pp. 337-348
  40. ^ Wahre Demokratie - G Steiner - 2004 - ihs.ac.at[20]
  41. ^ Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar - Giovanni Capoccia - -- 2005 - Johns Hopkins University Press [21]
  42. ^ Critique internationale - DIPLOMATIE MORALE » DE LA BELGIQUE A L’EPREUVE - Valérie Rosoux – no 15 – Feb 2002 [22]
  43. ^ Reconstructions of the Past in Belgium and Flanders - L Vos - poli.vub.ac.be [23]
  44. ^ Le Vlaams Block - T de Nadine Laurent - bibliotheque.livrel.eu – 2001 - ISBN : 2-930001-09-7 [24]
  45. ^ The German Soldier in World War II - S Hart, R Hart - 2000 – ISBN 0-7603-0846-2 [25]
  46. ^ The issue of Epirus in political writings of Mid'hat bey Frashëri - Halili, Rigels - Nationalities Affairs – Issue 31/2007. [26].
  47. ^ Shefqet Bej Vërlaci - English Wikipedia. Retrieved on 2008-12-15 [27]
  48. ^ "Pareto, use or Misuse by Fascism". English Wikipedia. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
  49. ^ "Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche". English Wikipedia. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
  50. ^ "Wagner:Racism and Nazi appropriation". English Wikipedia. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  51. ^ "Master Race, Nordicism". English Wikipedia. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
  52. ^ "Strauss and Schmitt". English Wikipedia. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
  53. ^ Himmler always carried a copy of it with him to assuage his guilt at being the director of the "final solution", Padfield, Peter Himmler New York:1990--Henry Holt Page 402
  54. ^ Casting Stones:Christianity and the History of Genocide - C Teichrib - Ankerberg Theological Research Institute. [28]
  55. ^ Secularism, History, and Contemporary Politics in India - R Thapar - The Crisis of Secularism in India, 2007 – Duke University Press - ISBM 0822338467 [29]
  56. ^ A Historical Overview of the Phenomenologic Movement - MZ Cohen - Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 1987 - Blackwell Synergy – [30]
  57. ^ "Max Scheler". English Wikipedia. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
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