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Economy

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Main article: Economy of Berlin
Berlin is a UNESCO "City of Design" and recognized for its creative industries and startup ecosystem.[1]

In 2018, the GDP of Berlin totaled €147 billion, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year. Berlin's economy is dominated by the service sector, with around 84% of all companies doing business in services. In 2015, the total labour force in Berlin was 1.85 million. The unemployment rate reached a 24-year low in November 2015 and stood at 10.0% .[2] From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate. Around 130,000 jobs were added in this period.[3]

Important economic sectors in Berlin include life sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, hotel business, and medical engineering.[4]

Of these sectors, the most important is health services which account for approximately 180,000 employees across the city.[5]

Research and development have economic significance for the city.[6] However, from 2011 to 2013 the gross expenditure of SMEs Several major corporations like Volkswagen, Pfizer, and SAP operate innovation laboratories in the city.[7] The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue.[8] Within the Eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments.[9][10]

Year[11] 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Unemployment rate in % 15.8 16.1 16.9 18.1 17.7 19.0 17.5 15.5 13.8 14.0 13.6 13.3 12.3 11.7 11.1 10.7 9.8 9.0

Companies

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Deutsche Bahn, the world's second-largest transport company, is headquartered in Berlin.

Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders.[12] In 2015 Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe, many of them tech firms.[13] Google has seen the potential of Berlin as a center for innovation, pledging money to local tech firms, such as Factory Berlin[14], and originally planning to open their own campus in Kreuzberg[15] before being rejected by the city.

Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, the hospital providers Charité and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens and Deutsche Telekom. The two largest banks headquartered in the capital are Investitionsbank Berlin and Landesbank Berlin.

Daimler manufactures cars, and BMW builds motorcycles in Berlin. Bayer Health Care and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies in the city.

Siemens, a Global 500 and DAX-listed company is partly headquartered in Berlin. The national railway operator Deutsche Bahn, the MDAX-listed firms Axel Springer SE and Zalando, and the SDAX listed company Rocket Internet have their main headquarters in the central districts.[16] Among the largest international corporations who operate a German or European headquarter in Berlin are Bombardier Transportation, Gazprom Germania, Coca-Cola, Pfizer and Total S.A..

  1. ^ "Berlin – Europe's New Start-Up Capital". Credit Suisse. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  2. ^ "Berlin hat so wenig Arbeitslose wie seit 24 Jahren nicht" (in German). Berliner Zeitung. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  3. ^ "In Berlin gibt es so viele Beschäftigte wie nie zuvor" (in German). Berliner Zeitung. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  4. ^ "Poor but sexy". The Economist. 21 September 2006. Retrieved 19 August 2008.
  5. ^ "Berlin, Germany" (PDF). OECD Review of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. Retrieved 5/13/2019. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  6. ^ "Die kleine Berlin Statistik" (PDF). berlin.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins". Berliner Morgenpost. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  8. ^ "The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof". Berlin Adlershof: Facts and Figures. Adlershof. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Global Cities Investment Monitor 2012" (PDF). KPMG. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  10. ^ "Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundesländern in Deutschland 2018 | Statista". Statista (in German). Retrieved 2018-11-13.
  11. ^ (Destatis), Statistisches Bundesamt (2018-11-13). "Federal Statistical Office Germany – GENESIS-Online". www-genesis.destatis.de. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
  12. ^ "Berlin's 'poor but sexy' appeal turning city into European Silicon Valley". The Guardian. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  13. ^ Frost, Simon. "Berlin outranks London in start-up investment". euractiv.com. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  14. ^ Passino, Carla. "Why Berlin Is Europe's Best Place To Live, Work And Buy Real Estate". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  15. ^ O'Sullivan, Feargus. "Google's Retreat from Berlin, Explained". CityLab. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  16. ^ "DB Schenker to concentrate control functions in Frankfurt am Main". Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
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