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Russian Federation
Российская Федерация (Russian)
Anthem: 
Государственный гимн Российской Федерации
Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii
"State Anthem of the Russian Federation"
Russia on the globe, with claimed territories shown in light green[a]
Russia on the globe, with claimed territories shown in light green[a]
Capital
and largest city
Moscow
55°45′21″N 37°37′02″E / 55.75583°N 37.61722°E / 55.75583; 37.61722
Official
and national language		Russian[3]
Recognised national languagesSee Languages of Russia
Ethnic groups
(2021, including Russia and Crimea)[4]
Religion
(2012)[5]
  • 38.2% no religion
  • 6.5% Islam[b]
  • 2.4% other (including Buddhism)[6]
  • 5.5% unanswered
Demonym(s)Russian
GovernmentFederal semi-presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship[7][8][9][10]
• President
Vladimir Putin
Mikhail Mishustin
Valentina Matviyenko
Vyacheslav Volodin
Vyacheslav Lebedev
LegislatureFederal Assembly
• Upper house
Federation Council
• Lower house
State Duma
Formation
• Onoguros
384
792
930
25 October 1289
4 July 1756
28 October 1870
Area
• Total
17,098,246 km2 (6,601,670 sq mi)[12] (within internationally recognised borders) 17,234,028 km2 (6,654,095 sq mi) (including claimed territories) (1st)
• Water (%)
13[11] (including swamps)
Population
• 2022 estimate
(9th)
• Density
8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (181st)
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Total
Neutral increase $4.771 trillion[15]
• Per capita
Neutral increase $33,263[15]
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
Neutral increase $2.215 trillion[15]
• Per capita
Neutral increase $15,444[15]
Gini (2020)Positive decrease 36.0[16]
medium inequality
HDI (2021)Increase 0.822[17]
very high (52nd)
CurrencyRuble (₽) (RUB)
Time zoneUTC+2 to +12
Drives onright
Calling code+7
ISO 3166 codeRU
Internet TLD
  1. ^ Pifer, Steven (17 March 2020). "Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation". Brookings Institute. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference chapple-2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Chevalier, Joan F. (2006). "Russian as the National Language: An Overview of Language Planning in the Russian Federation". Russian Language Journal. 56. American Councils for International Education ACTR / ACCELS: 25–36. JSTOR 43669126.
  4. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  5. ^ "Арена: Атлас религий и национальностей" [Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities] (PDF). Среда (Sreda). 2012. See also the results' main interactive mapping and the static mappings: "Religions in Russia by federal subject" (Map). Ogonek. 34 (5243). 27 August 2012. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. The Sreda Arena Atlas was realised in cooperation with the All-Russia Population Census 2010 (Всероссийской переписи населения 2010), the Russian Ministry of Justice (Минюста РФ), the Public Opinion Foundation (Фонда Общественного Мнения) and presented among others by the Analytical Department of the Synodal Information Department of the Russian Orthodox Church. See: "Проект АРЕНА: Атлас религий и национальностей" [Project ARENA: Atlas of religions and nationalities]. Russian Journal. 10 December 2012.
  6. ^ Shevchenko, Nikolay (February 21, 2018). "Check out Russia's Kalmykia: The only region in Europe where Buddhism rules the roost". Russia Beyond. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
  7. ^ Prof. Dr. Martin Krzywdzinski (26 January 2020). Consent and Control in the Authoritarian Workplace: Russia and China Compared. Oxford University Press. pp. 252–. ISBN 978-0-19-252902-2. OCLC 1026492383. officially a democratic state with the rule of law, in practice an authoritarian dictatorship
  8. ^ "Russia: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report". Freedom House. 2019-07-20. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference cia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference authoritarianness was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "The Russian federation: general characteristics". Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  12. ^ "World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  13. ^ Including 2,482,450 people living on the annexed Crimean Peninsula Том 1. Численность и размещение населения. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  14. ^ a b Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2022 года и в среднем за 2021 год [Preliminary estimated population as of 1 January 2022 and on the average for 2021] (XLS). Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  15. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". International Monetary Fund.
  16. ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation". World Bank. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  17. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.


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