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User:Frayae/sandbox/Crime in Iceland

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Crime in Iceland is low.

https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/region/iceland https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=21376 https://grapevine.is/mag/articles/2011/09/27/doingtimeiniceland/

Murder

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The average murder rate in Iceland is 20 times less than the world average at an average of 1.8[1] yearly, and the country has the 3rd least murders of any country, behind Liechtenstein and Singapore.[2]

Murders in Iceland by year since 2000
Year Total homicides Intentional homicides per 100,000 Citations
2000 5 1.783 [3][a]
2001 1 0.353 [4]
2002 4 1.402 [5]
2003 0 0 [3]
2004 3 1.031 [6]
2005 3 1.017 [4]
2006 0 0 [3]
2007 2 0.655 [4]
2008 0 0 [3]
2009 1 0.316 [4]
2010 2 0.624 [4]
2011 3 0.928 [7][8]
2012 1 0.307 [9]
2013 3 0.306 [4][better source needed]
2014 1 0.609 [4]
2015 3 0.908 [10]
2016 ? 0.3 [citation needed]
2017 4 ? [b][13]

Axlar-Björn (Björn Pétursson) was the only known serial killer in Iceland's history, who confessed to killing 18 people in the 16th century.[14][15]

One of the most controversial cases is that of Guðmundur Einarsson and Geirfinnur Einarsson who disappeared in 1974. At the time six men were convicted of their murder, but it is widely believed that their confessions were forced, and the instigation is still ongoing.[16]

Guns

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Iceland has a population of around 330,000, of which 90,000 are gun owners.[17] This ranks Iceland as 15th in the world for legal per capita gun ownership.[18] Prospective gun owners undergo background checks, attend a safety course, practical shooting tests and a written exam, have a doctor conduct medical and psychiatric checks, and attend an interview with the chief of police, before being licensed for a firearm.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Preparing for the exam can take over a year.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Police in Iceland do not carry firearms, except for the special "Viking Squad" unit.[18] Iceland's police have only ever shot one person, during an incident in 2013.[19][20][21] A 59 year old man was discharging a shotgun in his apartment, when police arrived he shot at them several times, injuring two, before he was killed by armed officers.[22] One of the most notable recent murders was that of Birna Brjánsdóttir.[23]

Punishment

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Capital punishment in Iceland was practiced until 1830.[24] Capital punishment was legally abolished in 1928.[25] The maximum punishment in the Icelandic penal system is Life imprisonment, which is used to sanction people who commit murder, genocide, qualified hostage-taking, and the act of arranging a war against Iceland with foreign powers.[26] Iceland maintains that these categories are sufficient to prosecute war criminals.[27]

Corruption

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Main article: Corruption in Iceland

Prostitution

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Main article: Prostitution in Iceland

In fiction

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Crime fiction books are very popular in Iceland.

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Intentional homicides per 100,000 column sourced from World Bank data which uses data from the CC-BY-SA-4.0 licensed UN Office on Drugs and Crime's International Homicide Statistics database.
  2. ^ The victims were Birna Brjáns­dótt­ir,[11] Arnar Jónsson Aspar, Sanita Brauna, and Klevis Sula.[12]

Citations

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  1. ^ "How a rare murder in Iceland has chilled a nation". The Independent. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  2. ^ "Iceland: 3rd lowest murder rate". mbl.is. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2018. Murder rate in Iceland 20x lower than world average Iceland emerges as the third least likely country in the world to be murdered in.
  3. ^ a b c d "Iceland: 3rd lowest murder rate". Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Alpers, Philip. "Guns in Iceland — Firearms, gun law and gun control". www.gunpolicy.org. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  5. ^ UNODC. 2005 ‘Recorded Homicide and Firearm Homicide in 53 Countries, Completed or Attempted.’ Eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001-2002). Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 15 April
  6. ^ UNODC. 2006 ‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 - 2004); Section 2 (Tables 2.2 and 2.4), pp. 1-3. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 10 December
  7. ^ UNODC. 2014 ‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Iceland.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 10 April
  8. ^ UNODC. 2013 ‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Iceland.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data; Statistical Annex (with online datasets). Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 26 June
  9. ^ Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug. 2014 ‘Country Profile: Iceland.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014; Part VIII, p. 135. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 10 December
  10. ^ UNODC. 2017 ‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 19 May
  11. ^ "Murder Conviction Handed Down In Case Of Birna Brjánsdóttir - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 29 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  12. ^ "Young Albanian Man Dies From Stabbing Attack, Memorial Collection Started - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 9 December 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  13. ^ "Four Murders In Iceland In 2017 - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2018. There were four murders in Iceland this year – twice the usual maximum annual homicide rate for the country.
  14. ^ "Axlar-Björn, The only Icelandic serial killer, terrorized travellers on Snæfellsnes peninsula". Icelandmag. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  15. ^ "Iceland's Only Serial Killer - the Bloody Story of the Homicidal Axlar-Björn". Guide to Iceland. 2 March 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  16. ^ "New arrests in 40-year-old Iceland murder case". Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  17. ^ "90,000 Guns But No Gun-Related Crimes - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  18. ^ a b "Why violent crime is so rare in Iceland". BBC News. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  19. ^ Quinn, Ben (2 December 2013). "Iceland's armed police make first ever fatal shooting". the Guardian. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  20. ^ "Iceland grieves after police shoot and kill a man for the first time in its history". Public Radio International. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  21. ^ "Iceland police regret first killing". BBC News. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  22. ^ "Fyrsta sinn sem maður fellur fyrir skoti íslenskrar lögreglu - Vísir". visir.is. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  23. ^ Rice, Xan (12 April 2018). "The murder that shook Iceland". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  24. ^ "Hvenær var síðasta aftakan á Íslandi?". Vísindavefurinn (in Icelandic). Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  25. ^ "Hvar er dauðarefsing leyfð? Hvers vegna er henni beitt? Fækkar hún glæpum?". Vísindavefurinn (in Icelandic). Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  26. ^ "Iceland: General Penal Code, Act No. 19 of 12 February 1940". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  27. ^ Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, Astrid (2017). Nordic Approaches to International Law. BRILL. pp. 133–134. ISBN 9789004343597. Retrieved 21 September 2018.



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