User:Florin Talasman/Military ranks in Romania

Military ranks are the steps in the military hierarchy through which a person in the armed forces can be promoted from private to the rank of general or admiral.

In Romania, the military rank is a right of the holder and represents social recognition of the quality of a military personnel ^[1]. Professional soldiers constitute a distinct body of military personnel, recruited on the basis of a fixed-term contract and located at the base of the military hierarchy, their activity being regulated by other normative acts ^[2].

Advancement in rank is not similar to the awarding of military ranks in the armies of other states in view of the fact that, in some cases, the criterion for awarding these ranks is the completion of the minimum period of service in the rank ^[3] or the age of the soldier at the time of enlistment, and not the attributions that may derive from the responsibilities of the function which is equivalent to the degree. Carrying out the minimum internship in the rank implies the passing of a minimum period of time to be advanced to the next rank without actively fulfilling other conditions but only passively not to violate provisions regarding the conduct of the military. Advancement in rank does not automatically lead to promotion, just as promotion in the chain of command does not automatically imply advancement in rank.

Paradoxically, sometimes a higher grade occupies a lower position than a lower grade ^[4] (ex: a unit commander may be lower in rank than his deputy ^[4] ). In this case, the meaning of the term military hierarchy is no longer respected.

Officers and non-commissioned officers (NCO) can hold the same positions regardless of their rank. These positions therefore have generic names such as "specialist officer", "principal technical NCO" or "principal operational NCO" ^[5] to cover a wide range of military ranks.

Military personnel in Romania are not only the prerogative of the Ministry of National Defense. The staff of the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (military firefighters), the Gendarmerie, the staff of the Protection and Guard Service and the Romanian Intelligence Service are made up of soldiers. Within the Ministry of Justice, at the level of the Prosecutor's Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Section of Military Prosecutor’s Offices operates, which also includes military personnel.

Although they are similar in terms of hierarchical organization and mode of representation, the insignia of civil servants with special status in the national public order system do not represent military ranks.

Hierarchy

In Romania, the names of the degrees in recent years have been changed as follows (see the bibliography):* În 1972 prin Legea nr. 14/1972;

In 1972 by Law no. 14/1972;
In 1995 by Law no. 80/1995;
In 2004 by GEO no. 4/2004;
In 2006 by Law no. 384/2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers and non-commissioned officers.

Land Forces

Commissioned Officers

NATO Code	OF-1		OF-2	OF-3	OF-4	OF-5	OF-6	OF-7	OF-8	OF-9	OF-10
Military insignia
Military insignia for paratroopers							No equivalent
Title	Sublocotenent	Locotenent	Căpitan	Maior	Locotenent colonel	Colonel	General de brigadă	General maior	General locotenent	General	Mareșal
Abbreviation	Slt.	Lt.	Cpt.	Mr.	Lt. col.	Col.	Gl. bg.	Gl. mr.	Gl. lt.	Gl.	-

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

NATO Code	OR-1 / OR-2	OR-3	OR-4			OR-5	OR-6	OR-7	OR-8	OR-9
Corp	Enlisted ranks					NCOs
Military insignia
Title	Soldat	Fruntaș	Caporal clasa a III-a	Caporal clasa a II-a	Caporal Clasa a I-a	Sergent	Sergent major	Plutonier	Plutonier major	Plutonier adjutant	Plutonier adjutant principal
Abbreviation	Sold.	Frt.	Cap. III	Cap. II	Cap. I	Sg.	Sg. maj.	Plt.	Plt. maj.	Plt. adj.	Plt. adj. pr.
						Warrant officers
Military insignia
Title						Maistru militar clasa a V-a	Maistru militar clasa a IV-a	Maistru militar clasa a III-a	Maistru militar clasa a II-a	Maistru militar clasa a I-a	Maistru militar principal
Abbreviation						M. m. V	M. m. IV	M. m. III	M. m. II	M. m. I	M. m. p.

Air Forces

Commissioned Officers

NATO Code	OF-1		OF-2	OF-3	OF-4	OF-5	OF-6	OF-7	OF-8	OF-9	OF-10
Military insignia
Title	Sublocotenent	Locotenent	Căpitan	Locotenent comandor	Căpitan comandor	Comandor	General de flotilă aeriană	General maior	General locotenent	General	Mareșal
Abbreviation	Slt.	Lt.	Cpt.	Lt. cdor.	Cpt. cdor.	Cdor.	Gl. fl. aer.	Gl. mr.	Gl. lt.	Gl.	-

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

NATO Code	OR-1 / OR-2	OR-3	OR-4			OR-5	OR-6	OR-7	OR-8	OR-9
Corp	Enlisted ranks					NCOs
Military insignia
Title	Soldat	Fruntaș	Caporal clasa a III-a	Caporal clasa a II-a	Caporal Clasa a I-a	Sergent	Sergent major	Plutonier	Plutonier major	Plutonier adjutant	Plutonier adjutant principal
Abbreviation	Sold.	Frt.	Cap. III	Cap. II	Cap. I	Sg.	Sg. maj.	Plt.	Plt. maj.	Plt. adj.	Plt. adj. pr.
						Warrant officers
Military insignia
Title						Maistru militar clasa a V-a	Maistru militar clasa a IV-a	Maistru militar clasa a III-a	Maistru militar clasa a II-a	Maistru militar clasa a I-a	Maistru militar principal
Abbreviation						M. m. V	M. m. IV	M. m. III	M. m. II	M. m. I	M. m. p.

Naval Forces

Commissioned Officers

NATO Code	OF-1		OF-2	OF-3	OF-4	OF-5	OF-6	OF-7	OF-8	OF-9	OF-10
Military insignia
Title	Aspirant	Locotenent	Căpitan	Locotenent comandor	Căpitan comandor	Comandor	Contraamiral de flotilă	Contraamiral	Viceamiral	Amiral	Mareșal
Abbreviation	Asp.	Lt.	Cpt.	Lt. cdor.	Cpt. cdor.	Cdor.	Cam. fl.	Cam.	Vam.	Am.	-

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

NATO Code	OR-1 / OR-2	OR-3	OR-4			OR-5	OR-6	OR-7	OR-8	OR-9
Corp	Enlisted ranks					NCOs
Military insignia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Title	Soldat	Fruntaș	Caporal clasa a III-a	Caporal clasa a II-a	Caporal Clasa a I-a	Sergent	Sergent major	Plutonier	Plutonier major	Plutonier adjutant	Plutonier adjutant principal
Abbreviation	Sold.	Frt.	Cap. III	Cap. II	Cap. I	Sg.	Sg. maj.	Plt.	Plt. maj.	Plt. adj.	Plt. adj. pr.
						Warrant officers
Military insignia
Title						Maistru militar clasa a V-a	Maistru militar clasa a IV-a	Maistru militar clasa a III-a	Maistru militar clasa a II-a	Maistru militar clasa a I-a	Maistru militar principal
Abbreviation						M. m. V	M. m. IV	M. m. III	M. m. II	M. m. I	M. m. p.

Military ranks in the Romanian army (previous names in parentheses: ^† 1995, ^‡ 1972)

Corp	Land Forces	Air Forces	Naval forces	Military insignia
Generali și amirali	General (General de armată^†) (General de armată^‡)	General (General inspector^†)	Amiral (Amiral^†) (-^‡)	Patru stele
	General-locotenent (General de corp de armată^†) (General-colonel^‡)	General-locotenent (General-comandor^†)	Viceamiral (Viceamiral-comandor^†) (Amiral^‡)	Trei stele
	General-maior (General de divizie^†) (General-locotenent^‡)	General-maior (General de divizie aeriană^†)	Contraamiral (Viceamiral^†) (Viceamiral^‡)	Două stele
	General de brigadă (General de brigadă^†) (General-maior^‡)	General de flotilă aeriană (General de flotilă aeriană^†)	Contraamiral de flotilă (Contraamiral^†) (Contraamiral^‡)	O stea
Ofițeri	Colonel	Comandor	Comandor (Căpitan de rangul I^‡)	Trei trese și un galon
	Locotenent-colonel	Căpitan-comandor	Căpitan-comandor (Căpitan de rangul II^‡)	Două trese și un galon
	Maior	Locotenent-comandor	Locotenent-comandor (Căpitan de rangul III^‡)	O tresă și un galon
	Căpitan	Căpitan	Căpitan (Căpitan locotenent^‡)	Trei trese
	(Locotenent major)^‡	(Locotenent major)^‡	(Locotenent major)^‡
	Locotenent	Locotenent	Locotenent	Două trese
	Sublocotenent	Sublocotenent	Aspirant	O tresă
Maiștri militari	Maistru militar principal			Un galon plus cinci galoane drepte
	Maistru militar cl. I			Un galon plus patru galoane drepte
	Maistru militar cl. II			Un galon plus trei galoane drepte
	Maistru militar cl. III			Un galon plus două galoane drepte
	Maistru militar cl. IV			Un galon plus un galon drept
	Maistru militar cl. V			Un galon
Subofițeri	Plutonier-adjutant principal			Trei galoane de 16 mm și unul de 10 mm
	Plutonier-adjutant			Trei galoane de 16 mm
	Plutonier-major			Două galoane de 16 mm și unul de 10 mm
	Plutonier			Două galoane de 16 mm
	Sergent-major			Un galon de 16 mm și unul de 10
	Sergent^[6]			Un galon de 20 mm
Gradați	Caporal armata clasa I			Trei V-uri^{[R 1]}, o coroană^{[R 2]}
	Caporal armata clasa a II-a			Trei V-uri
	Caporal armata clasa a III-a			Două V-uri
	Fruntaș			Un V
Soldați	Soldat			No military insignia

References regarding military ranks

^ The Vs are arched, arranged transversely at a distance of 2 mm between them, with the tips pointing towards the shoulder, forming an angle of 90 degrees on the inside.
^ The ends of the last V are joined by a circular crown segment

Remarks

For paratroopers, the ranks are the same as for the land forces.
Warrant officers are assimilated to non-commissioned officers.

Notes

^ Art. 3 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
^ Law no. 384 of October 10, 2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
^ Art. 94 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b "Example of reverse hierarchy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
^ "Titles of functions not associated with military ranks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
^ The military rank of sergeant is not provided for in the legislation in force

Bibliography

Law no. 80 of July 11, 1995 regarding the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine, published in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 155 of July 20, 1995
"Government Emergency Ordinance no. 4/2004 regarding the amendment of art. 2 of L 80/1995 (unification of titles)"., approved by Law no. 182/2004, published in M.Of. 220/March 12, 2004
Transcript of GEO approval no. 4/2004
Law no. 14 of Dec 28, 1972 concerning the organization of the national defense of the Socialist Republic of Romania published in B.Of. no. 160/December 29, 1972
The insignia of the military ranks
Album of military ranks
Apostu, Nicu (1999). Mareșalii României [Marshals of Romania] (in Romanian). Bucharest: Publishing House of the Academy of Advanced Military Studies. ISBN 9789739324205. OCLC 895695789.
"Order of the Minister of National Defense no. M-72 of July 9, 2012 for the approval of the Regulation regarding the description, composition and peacetime wearing of the military uniforms of the personnel of the Ministry of National Defense"., published in M.Of. 497/2012
The Military Career Guide
"Law no. 384 of October 10, 2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers"., published in M.Of. 868/2006

External links

"Grade militare (Military ranks)". defense.ro (in Romanian). Romanian Defence Staff. Retrieved 1 February 2021.

[7] The Vs are arched, arranged transversely at a distance of 2 mm between them, with the tips pointing towards the shoulder, forming an angle of 90 degrees on the inside.

[8] The ends of the last V are joined by a circular crown segment

[1] Art. 3 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine

[2] Law no. 384 of October 10, 2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine

[3] Art. 94 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine

[:0-4] "Example of reverse hierarchy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2017-05-18.

[5] "Titles of functions not associated with military ranks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-10.

[6] The military rank of sergeant is not provided for in the legislation in force

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[R 1]

[R 2]

v t e Military of Romania
Armed Forces	Chief of the General Staff Land Forces Air Force Naval Forces Special Operations Forces Command Joint Logistics Command
Ministry of Interior	Gendarmerie General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations General Inspectorate of Aviation
Intelligence agencies	Romanian Intelligence Service Foreign Intelligence Service Protection and Guard Service Special Telecommunication Service

Hierarchy

Land Forces

Commissioned Officers

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

Air Forces

Commissioned Officers

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

Naval Forces

Commissioned Officers

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

Military ranks in the Romanian army (previous names in parentheses: † 1995, ‡ 1972)

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Military ranks in the Romanian army (previous names in parentheses: ^† 1995, ^‡ 1972)