User:Fishal/Founders

State	Founder figure	Years	Description	Portrait	Other figures
Allegheny	Tanacarison, le Demiroi	c. 1700-1761	Mingo leader credited with securing Iroquois control of the Allegheny country and with founding many of its key settlements. Originally a Seneca captive and adoptee, he moved west to the Ohio country, becoming an important chief near the Forks. The Seneca chiefs recognized his influence and empowered him to act as their representative in the region, earning him the title "Half-King" among the Whites. He encouraged Dutch and English trade in the region to counter the French, meanwhile working to align the local villages with the Iroquois, including the neutral trading village then growing at Two Forts.
Arques	Bernard de Marigny, Baron de Mandeville	1785-1871	The first administrator of what was then Middle Louisiana, and a colorful figure in the province's early history. Marigny came from an aristocratic New Orleans family. His skill as a soldier and loyalty to the Bonaparte family won him appointment to the governorship of Upper Louisiana. Arques was organized after the fall of the empire and Marigny was tasked with organizing the new province. The appointment saved him from financial ruin due to his gambling habit. He governed Arques with frequent shows of force and occasional duels, a style that won him the respect of his backwoods subjects. He remained in the post a dozen years, leaving only to retire, and he did much to shape the society of the future state.
Assiniboia	Gabriel Dumont	1837-1906	Leader of the Métis-led rebellion that separated Assiniboia from Ruptertsland. He turned down a role in state government after the rebellion but accepted a mostly-symbolic post in Congress. Dumont resigned at the fall of the Dominion of Assiniboia to serve in the state's provisional government, accepting an appointment to the Grand Council of State when the new regime had been established.
The Bahamas	Benjamin Hornigold	1680-1725	Privateer captain and Jacobite rebel, Hornigold was the principal leader behind the Jacobite "Pirates' Republic" on New Providence Island. He never bore the title of Governor, but as commodore of the Flying Gang, he was acknowledged as the chief of the islands. Even after the privateers chose their first Governor, Hornigold remained the real power in the Bahamas. He steered his followers away from wholesale piracy to focus their energies on supporting their monarch and building their state. He helped establish the Bahamas as an independent power, finally winning recognition from King James III.	File:Benjamin Hornigold.jpg	Edward Thatch, Stede Bonnet – companions of Hornigold
Bermuda	Sir George Somers	1554-1610	A privateer and early officer in the Virginia Company, Somers captained the ship that accidentally colonized Bermuda following a shipwreck. His leadership is credited with helping the colonists survive until they could be safely taken to Virginia. Somers returned to Bermuda to gather supplies and died there. Two years later, the company launched its first effort to permanently settle the islands, naming their subsidiary the Somers Islands Company in his honor.		William Shakespeare – traditionally said to have immortalized Somers' shipwreck in The Tempest Charles Byrd – captured Bermuda for the republicans
Canada	Samuel de Champlain	1567-1635	Explorer and colonial founder. Champlain built the first permanent French settlements in both Canada and Acadia, making Québec the capital of New France. He instituted the Canadian fur trade that sustained the colony for much of its early history. He made alliances with the Montagnais, Algonquin, and Huron people, alliances which lasted for centuries and became part of the fabric of the ASB.		Jacques Cartier - explorer who named Canada and claimed it for France Charles de Montmagny – early governor and a driving force behind the alliance with the Indians of Canada
Carolina	Henry Middleton, Landgrave of Berkeley	1717-1784	Statesman who oversaw the transition from colonial to responsible Loyalist government. He thoroughly dominated the Assembly during his tenure, achieving reconciliation between Tories and sympathizers of republicanism. Carolina's office of Premier was formalized after he stepped down largely out of a perceived need to fill his shoes.
The Cayman Islands	Father Bodden	fl. 1658	Father Bodden is honored as the progenitor of Cayman's people and its first permanent inhabitant. Known mostly from oral tradition, there are few concrete facts known about him, not even his first name. He is said to have been a deserter from the Cromwellian marines when he established a homestead on the island to hunt turtles. The pages of Caymanian history are replete with Boddens, including his grandson Isaac, the first resident who can be confidently found in the written record. Father Bodden has become a folk hero, linked in the popular mind with the outlaws and buccaneers who came to the islands during those years.
Cherokee	Sequoyah	1770-1847	Educator and creator of the Cherokee alphabet, which paved the way for the rapid development of Cherokee laws and government. Sequoyah presided over the council that reunified the Cherokee and formulated its first written constitution. He was elected emperor late in his life, the first from outside a traditional lineage. He approved the plan to create Cherokee Electoral College, which went into effect upon his death.
Chicasaw	Chiksa'	unknown; sometimes placed c. 1000	Chicasaw and Choctaw share a legendary origin. According to the most commonly told oral history, Chiksa' and his brother Chahta were brothers who led their people across the Mississippi from a country to the west. They wandered for a time, following the direction of a sacred pole, Kohta Flaya. One morning, the brothers could not agree on the meaning of the sign. Chahta wanted to stay, and his followers became the Choctaw. Chiksa' continued until he reached the land of the modern-day state; his group became the Chicasaw.		Tishominko - long-term chief who oversaw the nation's affiliation with neighboring states
Choctaw	Chahta	unknown; sometimes placed c. 1000	The mythic brother of Chiksa', Chahta is revered as the first leader of the nation that bears his name. Two versions of his story exist. One follows the Chicasaw account in saying that both tribes migrated from a country to the west and divided, with Chahta choosing to stay and his brother continuing to wander. Another says that Chahta and his people emerged from the earth within the present-day state. Both versions give central importance to Nanih Waiya, an ancient mound to the north of the present capital.		Tuscaluza, 16th-century chief who resisted the Spanish
Christiana	Kristina, Queen of Sweden	1626-1689	The queen was barely involved in starting the colony that still bears her name - in fact, she was still a minor at the time. But as a historical character, she has proved improssible to forget. A maverick sovereign who reigned over Sweden when it began its first colonies, her unexpected marriage to the Tsarevich launched a world empire. Her life was memorialized in poems, operas and films. Her colonists' descendants chose to name their state after her when they formed a government in the late 1700s. She remains a popular symbol of the state, and its citizens fondly keep her memory.
Cuba	Mateo Cimarrón	1675?-1736	The rebel and pirate leader known as Mateo Cimarrón is honored as the first to dream of a free Cuba. Mateo escaped bondage in Havana and fled to the cayos off Cuba's coast. He soon joined the English pirates operating from the Bahamas, ultimately captaining his own ship. He recruited other runaways and free Black people from as far away as New England, spreading his legend across the region. Mateo directed a network of free settlements in the cayos but could never organize a large-scale slave revolt. Nevertheless he endured as a symbol of resistance that Cuba's future leaders would draw on.		Hatuey - Indigenous leader who fought the Spanish Diego Velázquez - Conquistador of Cuba
Dakota	Jacques Malveaux	1836-1913	A cavalry officer from Lower Louisiana, Malveaux led Dakota forces in the war against Mexico that broke out in the late 1870s. The war was pivotal in the development of Dakota's identity as a state. Malveaux had to rally the established tribes of Dakota to make common cause with newcomers from the southwest and recently arrived farmers from further east. He then held off Mexican forces long enough for confederal troops to arrive. Malveaux's skill on the battlefield and as a leader made him Dakota's first state hero.
East Acadia	Prince Lucien Bonaparte	1775-1840	The younger brother of Napoleon, Lucien was named Prince of Acadia during the French Empire epoch. He organized many of Acadia's institutions for the first time, including its first representative assemblies. He did much to help form an Acadian national consciousness and was remembered long after he was forced to step down in the revolution of 1833. His son Charles, a noted naturalist and ornithologist, was called back to Louisbourg in 1849 to found the modern Principality of East Acadia, but Lucien was the one revered as the symbolic founder, and so he remains today.		Prince Charles-Lucien Bonaparte – Lucien's son and the first prince of an independent Acadia, later East Acadia
East Dominica	Christopher Columbus	1451-1506	Founder of the Spanish colony and of the Spanish empire in America. One of the most momentous figures in all of world history, Columbus's voyages linked Europe and America, dramatically changing the destinies of both worlds. In traditional East Dominican history, Columbus was honored as an intrepid explorer and the founder of the state. In more recent times attention has turned to the violence and oppression caused by him and his successors.
East Florida	Pedro Menéndez de Avilés	1519-1574	The conquistador of Florida and founder of the Spanish colony at San Agustín. Menendez was a career naval commander with experience fighting pirates, France, and England. He was sent to Florida to establish a fort that would defend the crucial route to Cuba, and to remove a settlement of French Protestants. This he did with great brutality, but the fort endured and grew into a prosperous colony, and today the modern state.
Huronia	St. Jean de Brébeuf	1593-1649	Jesuit missionary considered the Apostle to Huronia. The mission that he founded at Sainte-Marie was the first French presence in Huronia. His mastery of Huron language and culture is considered a model for cross-cultural understanding. He was martyred by the Iroquois and later canonized. He remains Huronia's national hero despite the secular constitution of the state.
Illinois	François Godin	1768-1824	Militia commander and political leader. Godin led the defense of Illinois during English and Swedish raids of the 1802 war. In the era of the Kingdom of New France he became active in politics, serving as a magistrate and becoming an important regional diplomat. He emerged as a leading voice for making Illinois a separate colony. In the Kishwauki War, the aging Godin again did his duty as a militia officer. Though he was not in the thick of combat, a stray skirmisher's bullet gravely wounded him. Godin succumbed to complications arising from his wound, but not before penning a famous open letter urging the Illinois people to demand self-government. He is remembered as a martyr for the state.
Iroquoia	Hiawatha	Unknown; may have fl. c. 1450 or c. 1150	Legendary founder of the Haudenosaunee who achieved peace among the Five Nations together with the Deganawida, or Great Peacemaker, and the clan mother Jigonhsasee. Hiawatha lived in a time of violence, when the five Iroquois nations were caught in a cycle of blood feuds. Deganawida helped Hiawatha gain control of his grief and stop seeking revenge. Hiawatha and Jigonhsasee spread this message among all five nations; the message became the Great Law of Peace, and the feuding nations became the united Haudenosaunee.		Deganawida, Jigonhsasee – companions of Hiawatha
Labrador	Simone Beaulieu	1892-1974	French-Innu politician who led the movement for statehood. One of the founders of the Labrador Party, her election as premier of the General Court in 1948 was the start of Labrador's final push for statehood. She organized popular demonstrations after the Lieutenant-Governors vetoed the court's declaration and spoke on Labrador's behalf to Parliament. She declined to run for Governor, remaining in the Court for eight more years as premier and three more as a legislator. She became a symbol of Labradorian sovereignty.
Lower Connecticut	Robert Treat	1624-1710	Colonial governor and leader of the resistance against the First Dominion of New England. According to legend, he had the colonial charter hidden in an oak tree (the Charter Oak) to keep it out of the hands of the royal governor Edmund Andros. After the Dominion's collapse, Treat resumed his role as governor. Connecticuters look back on his administration as a re-foundation of the colony under the guarantee of limited royal power.		Thomas Hooker – colonial founder
Lower Louisiana	Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville	1680-1767	Soldier, explorer, and governor from Montréal. He accompanied his older brother Pierre on the expedition that built the first French forts in Louisiana. When his brother left to fight in Europe, Bienville stayed to run the colony. He founded the city of New Orleans and made an alliance with the Choctaw. He was appointed governor several times, staying in Louisiana for the rest of his life.		Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Bienville's older brother and leader of the first expedition
Lower Virginia	George Washington	1732-1799	General and statesman, father of Virginian independence. As a militia officier under English rule he treated with the Iroquois and fought the French. He commanded Republican forces during the revolution in both Virginia and New England. He forced two major English armies to surrender and became a hero. He was elected unopposed to become the first to hold the office of President of the Commonwealth.		Sir Walter Raleigh – colonial founder and financier Captain John Smith – colonial founder at Jamestown Thomas Jefferson – political theorist of early republican Virginia
Maryland	George Calvert, Lord Baltimore	1579-1632	English nobleman and Roman Catholic who worked to obtain the charter for Maryland as a refuge for persecuted co-religionists in England. George is considered the founder of the colony even though he never visited Maryland and in fact died before the charter was granted. The actual work of getting Maryland underway was done by his son, Cecil.		Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore – first Lord Proprietor to actually govern Maryland
Massachusetts Bay	John Adams	1735-1826	Statesman, diplomat, and architect of Massachusetts independence. He helped coordinate the political and military efforts of the New England states during the revolution. He signed the Treaty of the Hague, securing English recognition the independence of the New England states. After returning he was delegated to draft the new Constitution of Massachusetts Bay. Upon the expiration of the sitting governor's term, he was elected governor of the state and was reelected annually for the next seven years. After retiring from office he stayed active in politics, participating in several conventions to amend the constitution.		John Winthrop, Sr. - colonial founder
Muscoguia	Alexander Hoboi-hili-miko McGillivray	1750-1808	Scottish-French-Muscogui chief credited with unifying the nation and beginning the process of modernizing the government. McGillivray grew up moving between Muscoguia and Carolina and was active in the politics of both. He served in the Carolina House of Delegates before moving west to his mother's village. There he became an influential chief and soon was the nation's leading diplomat. He secured Spanish recognition of Muscogui independence. In the war of 1802 he successfully kept the bulk of the Muscogui confederation neutral, in the face of a dedicated pro-war party.
Newfoundland	Sir Humphrey Gilbert	1539-1583	Soldier and adventurer who first claimed Newfoundland for England. He sailed his flotilla into St. John's Harbor in 1583 and announced to the assembled captains of the international fishery that Queen Elizabeth was taking possession of the island. Gilbert's rule as governor lasted only two weeks before he moved on with his expedition. His ship was lost with all hands on the voyage home. In the larger context of English colonial history, Gilbert's expedition represents the first push across the Atlantic. He and his crew are honored as the earliest forebears of the English and Irish who later settled the island. He cuts a dashing figure in Newfoundland's history, even if his actions were only meaningful in light of what came after.		Gaspar Corte Real – explorer who first charted Newfoundland John Cabot – Explorer for England Sir Bernard Drake – admiral who cleared Spanish and Portuguese ships from Newfoundland
New Hampshire	Henry Dearborn	1751-1829	General and leader in New Hampshire's war for independence. Dearborn left civilian life to fight in the unified Army of New England. His achievements in organizing the war effort in New Hampshire earned him an appointment as quartermaster general, in which his performance was exemplary. After the war he remained in command of the state militia. He oversaw the occupation and organization of New Hampshire's northeastern districts. Dearborn remained a presence at the top of New Hampshire politics for the rest of his career, serving as a delegate to multiple Congresses, twice chairing the state's Executive Committee, and again commanding the state's armed forces during the brief period that it participated in the 1803 war.
New Netherland	Adriaen van der Donck	1618-1665	Colonial leader and early advisor to the Director, architect of the early colony's economic system. For years he earnestly appealed to the Estates in the Netherlands to invest in the colony's development. After the Netherlands recovered the colony from England, van der Donck's pleas were finally heard, and he was appointed Director of New Netherland. He founded several new towns and patroonships, cultivating the colony's growth in the middle and late seventeenth century.		Peter Minuit – colonial founder Peter Stuyvesant – colorful early Director
New Scotland	Sir William Alexander	1602-1637	Colonial founder. Sir William's father William Alexander, the Earl of Stirling, obtained the first grant to plant a Scottish colony and organized its financial and political backing. The younger Sir William took possession of the land and established a settlement. He landed at the abandoned French habitation of Port Royal, supervising the construction of Fort Charles and seeing the settlers through their first years. He returned a few times to Great Britain but died in the colony, predeceasing his father.
Ohio	Tecumseh	1768-1833	Shawnee chief and tireless advocate of alliance among all the peoples of Ohio. Fearing Virginian and French encroachment in western Ohio, he sought alliance with England and Pennsylvania and brought several villages to the English side when war broke out in 1802. By the end of the war, he had grown disillusioned with English patronage and became the leader of the movement for a neutral Ohio. His speach to the Grand Council on behalf of the Ohio Alliance is considered the state's founding moment.
Pennsylvania	William Penn	1644-1718	Colonial founder and proprietor, regional diplomat, Quaker religious leader, and political theorist, Penn's accomplishments did much to shape the character of the state bearing his name. Following the principles of his religion, he made his colony a "holy experiment" characterized by liberal and moderate government. He invited people of all faiths and nations to settle Pennsylvania. He pursued peace and mutual accommodation with the Indians, and the state today still for the most part follows the limits that he set during his lifetime. Though the proprietors who succeeded him, and the elected governments that directed them, did not share all of his principles, his legacy forever remained deeply woven into the fabric of the state.
Plymouth	William Bradford	1590-1657	The second governor of Plymouth who led the colony for the first generation of its existence. He pursued a general policy of peace with his Indian neighbors – a policy not mimicked by his successors - and helped to build a solid foundation for Plymouth. As historian of the colony, he is considered a pioneer of American literature.
Poutaxia	Swatana	d. 1748	Oneida chief who worked to extend the Iroquois Covenant Chain to the villages of Poutaxia and maintain peace with the Dutch and Pennamites. Based at Shamokin, his network of villages became the Poutaxian province of Susquehanna. He led treaty councils that defined the future state's borders and welcomed Moravian missionaries into the territory, whom he saw as a moderating influence. All of his five sons and daughters were important in Poutaxia's diplomatic history. Later generations saw Swatana as the founder of a free, neutral Poutaxia.		Henry Deneohahte - Mixed trader who worked to create the first state government
Rhode Island	Roger Williams	1603-1683	Colonial founder and early proponent of freedom of conscience and racial equality. Exiled from Massachusetts Bay, Williams founded the Providence Plantations with the permission of local Narragansett people. The settlement attracted other religious and political exiles and soon spread onto the adjacent islands. Williams' new colony guaranteed the absolute separation of church and state. Williams himself argued forcefully for the equal humanity of White, Black and Indian people, but this did not stop the colony from being drawn into bloody Indian wars, or the island towns from growing rich off the slave trade. Although his ideals failed to be borne out in his lifetime, he has been well regarded by posterity.		Anne Hutchinson – charismatic early religious leader who founded the first settlement on Rhode (Aquidneck) Island itself
Saint John's Island	Josiah Freeman	1791-1856	Leader of the statehood movement. Freeman was the son of diehard Republicans who left Plymouth after it restored the monarchy in 1779. He grew up steeped in the ideals of the Revolution and supported the Bonapartist regime of French Acadia. He first rose to prominence in the imperial era, when he advocated for local self-government for the towns of the island. In the 1830s he led the drive to form a local council of leaders from all island communities. He is often credited with forming an island consciousness among the different peoples where none had existed before. The same council declared independence in 1842 and immediately made him acting governor, a role that was confirmed after the next election. Freeman served in the post for six years, laying the foundations of the island's state government and status as a member of the Confederation.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Martin de Hoyarçabal	fl. 1579	French Basque fisherman and pilot who wrote a guidebook for navigating the waters around Newfoundland in 1579. His book is the first appearance of the name Miquelon in print. He is honored as an emblem of the Basque sailors who were the earliest permanent inhabitants of the islands. De Hoyarçabal was rediscovered in the mid-twentieth century and put to use by the inhabitants of St. Pierre in their process of creating a state identity.
Saybrook	Sir Benedict Arnold	1741-1801	Loyalist general who led Saybrook's defense in the 1770s and saved the capital from falling to rebel troops. After the war he led the establishment of the New England Royal Navy, which half a century later was the leading sea power in the hemisphere. He served as governor of Sanduskey, as a member of different gubernatorial councils, and as Governor-General of the Dominion of New England. He never pursued elected office himself.		William Fiennes, Viscount Saye and Robert Grenville, Lord Brooke - colonial proprietors Lion Gardiner - founding colonist and military leader
Seminol	Ahaya "El Vaquero"	1710?-1783	Founder of the hereditary Seminol chiefdom. He is remembered as a fierce warrior who relentlessly attacked the Spanish and their allies, but his nickname, "el Vaquero", shows that already his people were beginning to adopt some Spanish ways, in particular the keeping of livestock. Though he dreamed of attacking the major Spanish presidios, he also recognized the necessity to shore up his base of power in southern Florida. Under his leadership the Seminoles expanded beyond present-day East Florida to occupy much of their present-day territory.
Turks & Caicos	*	*	Turks and Caicos achieves statehood in the late spring of 2019 and has not named an official founder figure. It is possible that in the coming years, a leader from the statehood movement may emerge as the symbol of the new state; various people from the islands' colonial history have also been suggested.
Upper Connecticut	Zebulon Butler	1731-1796	Commander of the expedition that captured Fort Sanduskey during the War of Independence. After withdrawing the bulk of his forces to the Cuyahoga, he built the Connecticuter forts that later became the cities of Cleaveland and Newmarket. He governed the fledgling territory for the duration of the war, then returned to his own farm in the Wyoming valley of Poutaxia. He was recalled to the Lake Erie settlements a few years later to assist in their defense, and after his retirement to private life was honored as their founder.
The Upper Country	Nicolas Perrot	1644-1717	Trader who established the French presence in the Upper Country. He achieved alliances with many Indian peoples, laying the foundation for the future state. His travels and trading contacts helped define the bounds of the Upper Country. He is generally credited with arranging the ceremony in which France formally claimed the Great Lakes. He served for a time as governor of the post he had founded at Green Bay, but most of his life was defined by constant movement.
Upper Louisiana	Pierre Laclède	1729-1778	Trader and founder of the city of Saint-Louis. Laclede was born in France but embraced life in North America, becoming an accomplished fur trader with strong partnerships with Indian trappers. Other merchants helped fund his new post at Saint-Louis, which was built to take advantage of trade along the Missouri River. Though it was a privately run trading post, the colonial government soon took notice and began to transfer some of the apparatus of government there. Laclede's work helped to establish Upper Louisiana as a province distinct from Illinois.
Upper Virginia	Daniel Boone	1734-1820	Pioneer leader who established Anglo-American settlements west of the Alleghenies. Boone spent his early life trading throughout the Ohio valley. He organized the first expeditions to create the Transylvania colony, an autonomous quasi-state that was later absorbed into Virginia. The village he established, Boonesboro, served as its capital. His exploits during the war against the Carolians and Cherokee made him a legend. That along with his ambivalent attitude toward Virginian annexation made him an ideal unifying symbol when Upper Virginians began to push toward separate statehood in the mid-19th century.
Vermont	Ethan Allen	1738-1789	Settler, militia commander, and leader of Vermont's fight for independence. Allen first organized the Green Mountain Boys militia to defend the Vermonters' disputed claims from neighboring colonies; later the militia turned against English loyalists. Allen helped lead the push to declare independence and was named Commander-in-Chief of Vermont's forces. After the war, this rank disappeared as a separate office and was merged with Vermont's presidency. Allen was easily elected President but left politics after serving a single one-year term.
The Vineyards	Thomas Mayhew	1593-1682	Founder and proprietor of the colony at Martha's Vineyard; minister and missionary to the Indians. After purchasing rights to the island from other colonial proprietors, Mayhew instituted a policy of utmost respect for the Indian inhabitants, threatening neither their political structure nor their religion. Conversions only began after around twenty years, by which time Mayhew was well known and integrated into the society. In Boston and England, he managed to win recognition as sole governor and manorial lord of the islands. To him is owed both the independence and the unique character of the Vineyards.
Watauga	John Sevier	1745-1815	Military commander and politician who led Watauga to independence. He was an outspoken republican who pushed Watauga's autonomous government to officially declare itself a state. The legislature made him the first governor and re-elected him to thirteen more annual terms. His stubborn, often brutal leadership is credited with spurring Wataugans to persist in their independence, resisting pressure by both Virginia and Carolina to merge with a larger state. Nevertheless, he signed a lasting peace treaty with the state's Cherokee neighbors and stepped down when his term ended under a new constitution.
West Acadia	Maurice Aubert	1807-1892	The first premier of West Acadia as a state. A politician of Acadien and Mi'kmaq ancestry, Aubert had been a leader of the republican Francophone faction, which wanted West Acadia to cut all connections with both East Acadia and New Scotland. He did much to broker the accords of statehood in 1863 and was elected premier as a compromise candidate. He sheperded West Acadia through its first thirteen years of statehood. His steady leadership helped to unite disparate ethnic and economic interests in the common project of building a new state.
West Dominica	Toussaint L'Ouverture	1743-1811	General and leader of the slave revolution on Saint Dominic. Though his revolution killed many Frenchmen, he maintained throughout that he was loyal to the French Republic and its principles. He pursued peace with French officials, ultimately producing an alliance that allowed him to conquer West Dominica. The alliance held as Napoleon rose to power, and d'Ouverture led the party that opposed various self-declared local monarchs in favor of a republican form of government under French protection. In the interest of maintaining alliances with the mainland, he pushed for acceptance of the rule of Jerome Bonaparte as King of New France; one of his last public acts was to preside over Jerome's royal visit in 1810.
West Florida	Fermín O'Regan y López	1785-1845	Rebel leader remembered as the unifier of West Florida. Born in Havana to an Irish-born officer in the Spanish army, O'Regan moved to Santo Domingo and led an independence movement there, for which he was exiled by the French. He settled in West Florida and a few years later again became involved in revolution. He led a Spanish faction that joined English republicans in 1833. He spurred West Floridians of all backgrounds to demand independence.