User:Finereach/English architecture notes
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Notes either for incorporation into, or to support writing copy for English architecture articles.
Various random notes
[edit]- List of historic buildings and architects of the United Kingdom
- particularly Tudor architecture section
- Wealden hall house Start Low add to wikiproject (e.g. Ightham Mote 14th Century, Staple Inn 1585, Penshurst Place, The_George_Inn,_Southwark 1676, Alfriston Clergy House 14th Century)
- List of historic houses in England
- Timber framing Jettying Great hall
- Jettying add detail from references up to 3.5' wide
Periods of English architecture
[edit]Periods of architecture[1]:
- Anglo Saxon Architecture c. 600-1066[1][2]
- Norman architecture 1066-1175[1]
- Gothic 1175-1530 ? 1180-1520 ?
- Medieval achitecture ? 1066-1530 ?
- Tudor architecture 1485-1603
- Tudor renaissance or Elizabethan architecture 1530-1603 [3]
- Jacobean architecture 1603-1625[1] following the reign of James I of England (who was James IV of Scotland).
- Inigo Jones 1615-1650[1]
- Stuart and English Baroque 1642 - 1714[4]
- English Baroque 1666-1710
- Great houses 1700-1730[1]
- Georgian architecture 1720-1840
- Palladianism 1715-1760[1]
- Regency architecture 1790-1840 [5]
- Victorian architecture 1840-1901
- Edwardian architecture
See also
[edit]Medieval domestic architecture
[edit]- Manor house such as Ightham Mote.
- Ordinary dwellings made of locally available materials, such as wattle and daub, thatch, stone, etc. An example is the Alfriston Clergy House, a Wealden hall house.
Georgian domestic architecture
[edit]Palladian influence on georgian architecture etc.[8]
Tudor architecture article
[edit]
The Tudor style in architecture is the final development of medieval architecture during the Tudor period (1485–1603) and even beyond, for conservative college patrons. It followed the Perpendicular style and, although superseded by Elizabethan architecture in domestic building of any pretensions to fashion, the Tudor style still retained its hold on English taste, portions of the additions to the various colleges of Oxford and Cambridge being still carried out in the Tudor style which overlaps with the first stirrings of the Gothic Revival.
The four-centred arch, now known as the Tudor arch, was a defining feature; some of the most remarkable oriel windows belong to this period; the mouldings are more spread out and the foliage becomes more naturalistic. Nevertheless, "Tudor style" is an awkward style-designation, with its implied suggestions of continuity through the period of the Tudor dynasty and the misleading impression that there was a style break at the accession of Stuart James I in 1603. In domestic architecture one would find the walls made of wattle and daub.
Church architecture
[edit]In church architecture the principal examples are:
- Henry VIIs Chapel at Westminster (1503)
- King's College Chapel, Cambridge
- St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
- the old schools at Oxford.
There is also Tudor architecture in Scotland, too, for example King's College, Aberdeen.
Domestic buildings
[edit]During this period the arrival of the chimney stack, and enclosed hearths resulted in the decline of the great hall based around an open hearth. Instead, fireplaces could now be placed upstairs and it was now possible to have a second storey that ran the whole length of the house[9]. Tudor chimney-pieces were made large and elaborate to draw attention to the owner's adoption of this new technology. Similarly, the jetty appeared, as a way to show off the modernity of having an upper floor that ran the whole length of the house[10].
The style of large houses moved away from the defensive architecture of earlier moated manor houses, and started to be built more for aesthetics. For example, quadrangular, 'H' or 'E' shaped plans became more common[1]. It was also fashionable for these larger buidlings to incorporate "devices", or riddles, designed into the building, which served to demonstrate the owner's wit and to delight vistors. Occasionally these were Catholic symbols, for example, subtle or not so subtle references to the trinity, seen in three sided, triangular, or 'Y' shaped plans, designs or motifs[3].
The houses and buildings of ordinary people were typically timber framed, the frame usually filled with wattle and daub but occasionally with brick[10]. These houses were also slower to adopt latest trends and the great hall continued to prevail[9].
These might also incorporate some of the following features:
- Jetties
- Casement windows with glass, which was now available at a much lower cost, and became much more common. Again,
- Brick or stone chimney
Examples of domestic buildings include:
- Eltham Palace, Kent
- Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk
- Owlpen Manor, Gloucestershire
- King's College, Aberdeen
- Layer Marney Tower, Essex
- East Barsham Manor, Norfolk
- Fords Hospital, Coventry.
- Compton Wynyates
- Hampton Court Palace
- Montacute House (late Tudor)
- Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire (late Tudor)
- Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury
- Hunsdon House, Hertfordshire
- Photo of a Tudor Merchant House in Salisbury
Tudor style
[edit]The Classical order started to influence architecture during the Tudor period, for example at King's College Chapel, Cambridge and Hampton Court Palace.
Tudor style buildings have six distinctive features -
- Decorative half-timbering
- Steeply pitched roof
- Prominent cross gables
- Tall, narrow doors and windows
- Small window panes
- Large chimneys, often topped with decorative chimney pots
In the 19th century a free mix of these late Gothic elements and Elizabethan were combined for hotels and railway stations, in revival styles known as Jacobethan and Tudorbethan.
As a modern term
[edit]As a modern residential style, what is usually referred to as Tudor (or sometimes Mock Tudor) is more akin to the rustic Tudorbethan architecture.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pragnall, Hubert (1984). Styles of English Architecture. Frome: Batsford. ISBN 0713437685.
- ^ Service, Alastair (1982). Anglo-Saxon and Norman : A guide and Gazetteer. The Buildings of Britain. ISBN 009150130X.
- ^ a b Airs, Malcolm (1982). Tudor and Jacobean. The Buildings of Britain. London: Barrie and Jenkins. ISBN 0091478308.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|editorfirst=ignored (|editor-first=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|editorlast=ignored (|editor-last=suggested) (help) - ^ Morrice, Richard (1982). Stuart and Baroque : A Guide and Gazetteer. The Buildings of Britain. London: Barrie and Jenkins. ISBN 0091504309.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|editorfirst=ignored (|editor-first=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|editorlast=ignored (|editor-last=suggested) (help) - ^ Watkin, David (1982). Regency : A Guide and Gazetteer. The Buildings of Britain. London: Barrie and Jenkins. ISBN 0091479908.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|editorfirst=ignored (|editor-first=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|editorlast=ignored (|editor-last=suggested) (help) - ^ curl, JS (1973). Victorian Architecture, Its practical aspects. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. ISBN 0715360272.
- ^ Muthusius, Stefan (1982). The English Terraced House. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300028717.
- ^ Summerson, John (1988). Georgian London. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300089880.
- ^ a b Quiney, Anthony (1989). Period Houses, a guide to authentic architectural features. London: George Phillip. ISBN 0540011738.
- ^ a b Picard, Liza (2003). Elizabeth's London. London: phoenix. ISBN 0753817578.