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Numbers shown near the framework agreements in italics do include equipment ordered afterwards.

  Pre-order proceedings
  Framework agreement
  Contract signed / ship in construction
  Deliveries ongoing
  Deliveries completed

Tanks

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
M1 Abrams  United States Main battle tank M1A2 SEPv3 250 $4,75 billion contract signed on 5 April 2022; deliveries 2025-2026.[1]
M1A1 FEP 116 Refurbished ex-USMC tanks. $1,4 billion (incl. $200 million US aid) contract signed on 4 January 2023; deliveries 2023-2024.[2]
K2 Black Panther  Republic of Korea Main battle tank K2PL 1000[3] Wilk Programme
Framework agreement signed on 27 July 2022. 820 vehicles to be produced in Poland in modified version K2PL with heavier armour and active protection system.[4]
K2 180 Wilk Programme
$3,34 billion contract signed on 26 August 2022; deliveries 2022-2025.[5] 28 delivered by June 2023.[6] Upgrade to K2PL version planned after 2026.[3]

Artillery

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
K9 Thunder  Republic of Korea Self-propelled howitzer K9A1/K9PL 632[7] Framework agreement signed on 27 July 2022.[4] Deliveries to commence in 2024; production in Poland to start in 2026.[3]
K9A1 212 $2,4 billion contract signed on 26 August 2022. Deliveries 2022-2026. All howitzers will be equipped with Polish communications systems and C3ISTAR fire control system ZZKO Topaz[5] 48 delivered by August 2023.[7]
K9A1 6 $2,6 billion contract signed on 1 December 2023. Deliveries 2025-2027.[8]
K9PL 146
AHS Krab  Poland Self-propelled howitzer 24 Deliveries completed in August 2017.[9]
96 PLN 4,649 billion contract signed on 14 December 2016.[10] 56 howitzers delivered 2019-2021; 30 guns to be delivered 2025-2027 (delay due to priority given to the Ukrainian order).[11]
48 PLN 3,81 billion contract signed on 5 September 2022; deliveries 2025-2027.[12]
54[13]-72[14] howitzers donated to Ukraine in 2022.
152 Framework agreement signed on 8 December 2023.[15]
M142 HIMARS  United States Multiple rocket launcher 20 Homar Programme
$414 million contract signed on 13 February 2019; deliveries in 2023. Launchers in US configuration, later to be equipped with Polish C3ISTAR fire control system ZZKO Topaz and Jelcz chassis.[16][17]
486 Homar Programme
486 Launcher-Loader Module Kits (initially 18 complete launchers on Oshkosh chassis planned together with 468 to be installed on Polish-made Jelcz chassis) for up to $10 billion; potential deal approved by US Congress on 23 February 2023.[18] Framework agreement signed on 11 September 2023. First batch of 126 launchers to be built in the USA, second batch of 360 launchers to be built in Poland together with selected rockets (most likely GMLRS 227mm rockets). All 486 launchers on Jelcz chassis.[19]
K239 Chunmoo  Republic of Korea Multiple rocket launcher 288 Homar Programme
Framework agreement signed on 19 October 2022; deliveries 2023-2028. All launchers will be equipped with Polish C3ISTAR fire control system ZZKO Topaz and Jelcz chassis.[20]
212 Homar Programme
$3,55 billion contract signed on 4 November 2022; deliveries 2023-2027.[21]
M120 Rak  Poland Self-propelled mortar M120K 64 PLN 968,3 million contract signed on 28 April 2016.[22] Delivered 2017-2019.[23]
18 PLN 275,5 million contract signed on 11 October 2019.[23] Delivered 2020-2021.[24]
40 PLN 703,1 million contract signed on 22 May 2020. Deliveries 2022–2024.[25]

Other vehicles

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
Borsuk  Poland IFV 1400 (incl. specialized variants) Framework agreement signed on 28 February 2023. The vehicle in trials as of July 2023. Deliveries planned 2024-2035.[26][27]
Heavy Infantry Fighting Vehicle  Poland IFV 700 (incl. specialized variants)[28] Infantry fighting vehicle using AHS Krab/K9 Thunder chassis and ZSSW-30 remotely controlled turret developed for KTO Rosomak and Borsuk IFV. Designed to be non-amphibious but better armoured than Borsuk IFV. Framework agreement signed on 14 August 2023; first deliveries planned in 2025.[28]
Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier  Poland APC a few hundred[29] New wheeled armoured personnel carrier to be designed by the Polish Armaments Group to supplement and then to replace KTO Rosomak. The vehicle will use ZSSW-30 remotely controlled turret. Framework agreement signed on 14 August 2023; deliveries 2028-2035.[29]
Raycolt KLTV  Republic of Korea
 Poland 		Light reconnaissance vehicle 400[28] Modified version of Raycolt KLTV to be produced in Poland by Rosomak S.A.; PLN 1,2 billion framework agreement signed on 14 August 2023; deliveries 2024-2030.[28]
Baobab-K  Poland Mine dispensing system 24 PLN 510 million contract signed on 14 June 2023. Deliveries 2026-2028.[30]

Air defence

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
MIM-104 Patriot  United States HIMAD PAC-3 MSE 2 batteries Wisła Programme
Phase I: 2 batteries (4 Fire Units - 4 AN/MPQ-65 radars, 16 M903 launchers, PAC-3 MSE missiles) for $4,75 billion; contract signed on 28 March 2018[31]; deliveries started in 2022, to be completed in 2023.
6 batteries Wisła Programme
Phase II: 6 batteries (12 Fire Units - 12 LTAMDS GhostEye radars, 48 M903 launchers, PAC-3 MSE missiles). Three contracts for overall $9,3 billion signed on 5 September 2023. Deliveries 2026-2029.[32]
CAMM  United Kingdom SHORAD CAMM 1 battery Narew Programme
Small Narew: 2 Fire Units, i.e. 6 iLaunchers on Jelcz chassis, 2 ZDPSR Soła radars, Polish command system and transport vehicles, and a supply of missiles. PLN 1,65 billion contract signed on 14 April 2022. Deliveries completed in 2023.[33]
CAMM-ER 23 batteries Narew Programme
138 iLaunchers on Jelcz chassis with CAMM-ER missiles, Polish-made Sajna fire control radars, P-18PL and PET/PCL radars, Polish command system and transport vehicles. PLN 29,2 billion contract signed on 5 September 2023; deliveries 2027-2035.[34]
PSR-A Pilica  Poland
 United Kingdom 		SHORAD Pilica 6 batteries Pilica Programme
6 batteries (6 Fire Units - 24 ZUR 23-2SP Jodek-SP guns with double Grom/Piorun launchers, 6 ELM-2106NG radars and support vehicles). PLN 727,7 million contract signed on 24 November 2016. Delivered 2020-2023.[35]
Pilica+/Pilica++ 16 batteries Pilica Programme
Procurement of 16 Pilica+ batteries and upgrade of 6 delivered in 2023 Pilica batteries to Pilica+ standard.

Pilica+ upgrade includes CAMM missiles and Bystra AESA radars. Future Pilica++ upgrade will bring airburst rounds for ZUR-23 guns and SKYctrl anti-drone system.

Framework agreement signed on 4 October 2022. Subsequent contracts include Bystra radars ordered on 29 March 2023 for PLN 1,1 billion with deliveries 2026-2028; CAMM missiles ordered on 28 April 2023 for GBP 1,9 billion with deliveries 2025-2029 and 16 Pilica+ batteries and upgrade of 6 Pilica batteries to Pilica+ standard ordered on 28 April 2023 for PLN 2,98 billion with deliveries 2025-2029.[35]

Fixed-wing aircraft

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
F-35  United States Multirole fighter F-35A 32 Harpia Programme
$4,6 billion contract signed on 31 January 2020; deliveries 2024-2030.[36]
FA-50  Republic of Korea Light combat aircraft FA-50GF 12[37] $705 million contract signed on 16 September 2022; deliveries 2023-2025. Later to be upgraded to FA-50PL standard.[37] Deliveries completed in November 2023.[38]
FA-50PL 36[37] $2,3 billion contract signed on 16 September 2022; deliveries 2025-2028.[37] The configuration includes Phantom Strike AESA radar.[39]
Saab 340 AEW&C  Sweden AEW&C aircraft 2 SEK 500 million contract signed on 25 July 2023; deliveries 2023-2025.[40]

Helicopters

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
AH-64 Apache  United States Attack helicopter AH-64E 96 Kruk Programme
Up to $12 billion potential deal approved by US Department of State on 21 August 2023.[41]
UH-60 Black Hawk  United States Utility helicopter S-70i 4 PLN 683,4 million deal signed on 25 January 2019. Delivered in 2019.[42]
4 PLN 666 million deal signed on 15 December 2021. Deliveries 2023-2024.[42]
unknown Procurment procedure commenced on 21 July 2023.[42]
AW101  United Kingdom
 Italy 		Utility helicopter ASW/CSAR 4 PLN 1,65 billion deal signed on 26 April 2019. Deliveries until 2023.[43]
Medium-lift transport 22[43]
AW149  United Kingdom
 Italy 		Utility helicopter Medium-lift transport 32 Perkoz Programme
PLN 8,5 billion deal signed on 1 July 2022. Deliveries 2023-2029. First helicopters delivered on 30 October 2023.[43][44]

Unmanned aerial vehicles

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
Bayraktar TB2  Turkey Unmanned combat aerial vehicle 24 PLN 1,745 billion contract signed on 24 May 2021. Deliveries 2022-2024.[45]
FlyEye  Poland Surveillance and reconnaissance UAV 124 31 sets (4 UAVs each) delivered 2010-2019 for overall PLN 126 million.[46]
1600 Framework agreement signed on 5 September 2023. Deliveries until 2035.[47]

Missiles

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
Naval Strike Missile  Norway Anti-ship/land attack cruise missile 12 PLN 420,9 million contract signed on 30 December 2008. 12 missiles with equipment (Polish-made vehicles and radars) for a coastal missile unit. Deliveries completed in 2013.[48]
38 PLN 492 million contract signed on 28 December 2011. Delivered 2013-2015.[48]
24 PLN 800 million contract signed on 14 July 2014. 24 missiles with equipment for a coastal missile unit. Delivered 2017-2018.[48]
unknown PLN 8 billion contract signed on 5 September 2023. Equipment for two coastal missile units and unspecified quantity of missiles. Deliveries 2026-2032.[48]
Spike  Israel
 Poland 		ATGM 2675 Contract signed in 2003. Delivered 2004-2013.[49]
1000 Contract signed on 17 December 2015. Delivered 2017-2022.[49]
Spike-LR Dual 500-600 (estimated) PLN 400 million contract signed on 3 August 2023. Deliveries 2023-2026. Licenced-built by Mesko with Polish industrial participation estimated at 70%.[49]
FGM-148 Javelin  United States ATGM FGM-148F 180 $54,5 million contract signed on 13 May 2020. Delivered 2017-2022.[50]
500 $103,5 million contract signed on 31 January 2023. Deliveries until 2026.[50]
AGM-114 Hellfire  United States ATGM AGM-114R2 Hellfire II (Hellfire Romeo) 800 $150 million contract signed on 30 May 2023. Deliveries until 2029.[51]
[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
Inspiration/Miecznik class  United Kingdom
 Poland 		Air defence frigate 3 Miecznik Programme
PLN 8 billion contract signed on 27 July 2021, annexed on 30 June 2023 enlarging contract's cost by unspecified value. Ships based on Babcock International's Type 31 frigate project to be built in Poland by consortium led by Polish Armaments Group. Steel cut on the first vessel, ORP Wicher, on 16 August 2023. ORP Burza and ORP Huragan to be launched in 2027 and 2028, respectively.[52]
Orka class Attack submarine 3 Orka Programme
Initial Market Consultations commenced on 14 July 2023. Procurement procedure planned to start before the end of 2023. Earlier procedure dated back to 2014 has been cancelled. In 2017, there were ongoing talks with Naval Group (offering Scorpène-class submarine, pictured), ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (Type 212CD) and Saab Kockums (Blekinge-class).[53]
Kormoran II class  Poland Minehunter 3 First vessel, ORP Kormoran, ordered on 23 September 2013 for PLN 700 million and commissioned on 28 November 2017.[54] Another 2 ships ordered in December 2017 for PLN 1,4 billion. ORP Albatros commissioned on 28 November 2022, ORP Mewa commissioned on 14 February 2023 [55]
3 PLN 2,5 million contract signed on 26 June 2022. The ships slated to enter service 2026-2027.[56] First vessel, ORP Jaskółka, laid down on 25 July 2023.[57]
Delfin class  Sweden
 Poland 		Signals intelligence gathering vessel 2 Delfin Programme
2 vessels to be designed and built by Saab AB in cooperation with Remontowa Shipbuilding S.A. shipyard in Gdańsk and MMC Ship Design & Marine Consulting Ltd. in Gdynia. €620 million contract signed on 25 November 2022.[58] Both ships to be completed by 2027. First vessel, ORP Jerzy Różycki, laid down on 27 July 2023.[59] Steel cut on the second vessel, ORP Henryk Zygalski, on 15 November 2023.[60]

Other

[edit]
Model Origin Type Image Variant Quantity Details
TBA  United States Aerostat-mounted early warning and control radar 4 Barbara Programme
Letter of Request in the FMS procedure sent on 26 May 2023.[61]
Pléiades Neo  France IMINT satellite 2 Obserwator Programme
EUR 575 million contract for two satellites and a ground receiving station in Poland signed on 27 December 2022. Both satellites to be launched until 2027. In addition, from 2023 Poland is receiving access to data from existing Pléiades constellation (Pléiades-1A and Pléiades-1B).[62]

Category:Military of Poland Category:Military acquisition

  1. ^ "Czołgi M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams zamówione" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  2. ^ "Używane czołgi M1A1 Abrams zamówione" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Koreańskie zamówienia – Agencja Uzbrojenia ujawnia szczegóły" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 24 July 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Polska kupiła czołgi, samoloty i haubice z Korei" (in Polish). Defence24. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Czołgi, haubice i amunicja za miliardy już w tym roku. Umowy wykonawcze z Koreą podpisane" (in Polish). Defence24. 26 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Polska odbiera kolejne czołgi K2" (in Polish). Defence24. 19 June 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Haubice K9 na Święcie Wojska Polskiego" (in Polish). Defence24. 15 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  8. ^ "Kolejne armatohaubice samobieżne K9 zamówione" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  9. ^ "Uroczyste przekazanie pierwszego DMO Regina" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  10. ^ "Rekordowy kontrakt na Kraby podpisany" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 14 December 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Zmiana harmonogramu dostaw armatohaubic Krab" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  12. ^ "MSPO 2022: Zamówienie na dwa kolejne DMO Regina" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 5 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  13. ^ "3 dywizjony Krabów na Ukrainie" (in Polish). Altair. Agencja Lotnicza. 18 October 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Krab filarem obrony Ukrainy" (in Polish). Defence24. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Umowa na 152 Kraby podpisana" (in Polish). Defence24. 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  16. ^ ""Nowoczesna broń dla polskich żołnierzy", czyli kontrakt na HIMARS-y podpisany" (in Polish). Defence24. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  17. ^ "The first Himars are already in Poland. They will go to the 16th Mechanized Division". Ministry of National Defence. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  18. ^ ""Zgoda Kongresu USA na sprzedaż HIMARS Polsce" (in Polish). Defence24. 23 February 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  19. ^ "Setki amerykańskich Homarów coraz bliżej" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 12 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  20. ^ "Umowa ramowa na dostawy wyrzutni rakiet K239 Chunmoo" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  21. ^ "Pierwsza umowa wykonawcza na wyrzutnie K239 Chunmoo" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 5 November 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Umowa na moździerze samobieżne Rak" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  23. ^ a b "Kolejne dostawy Raków i Krabów" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  24. ^ "Dziesiąty KMO Rak dostarczony" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 21 October 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  25. ^ "Umowa na Raki dla 18 Dywizji Zmechanizowanej" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  26. ^ "Znacznie więcej niż tysiąc. Jest umowa ramowa na Borsuki i wozy bazowe [AKTUALIZACJA]" (in Polish). Defence24. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  27. ^ "Nadchodzi Borsuk. Kluczowy program przyspiesza" (in Polish). Defence24. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  28. ^ a b c d "Umowy na ciężki BWP oraz następców Rosomaka i Honkera" (in Polish). Defence24. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  29. ^ a b "Umowa na nowe Kołowe Transportery Opancerzone" (in Polish). The Armaments Agency. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  30. ^ "Zamówienie na pojazdy Baobab-K z pakietem min" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  31. ^ "Umowa na system Wisła podpisana" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  32. ^ "MSPO 2023: II faza programu Wisła z pierwszymi trzema umowami" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  33. ^ "Mała Narew w komplecie" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 15 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  34. ^ "MSPO 2023: Dwie umowy wykonawcze za 54 mld PLN w programie Narew" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  35. ^ a b "Dwie ostatnie baterie PSR-A Pilica dostarczone" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 2 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  36. ^ "Umowa na F-35 podpisana" (in Polish). Defence24. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  37. ^ a b c d "Samoloty FA-50 dla polskich Sił Powietrznych" (in Polish). The Armaments Agency. 16 September 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  38. ^ "FA-50GF w komplecie" (in Polish). Defence24. 29 November 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  39. ^ "Phantom Strike dla polskich samolotów" (in Polish). Polska Zbrojna. 12 May 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  40. ^ "Polska kupiła samoloty wczesnego ostrzegania ze Szwecji" (in Polish). Defence24. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  41. ^ "Zgoda na zakup 96 śmigłowców AH-64E Apache" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 22 August 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  42. ^ a b c "Ruszyły negocjacje umowy na zakup kolejnych śmigłowców S-70i Black Hawk" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 21 July 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  43. ^ a b c "Negocjacje zakupu śmigłowców AW101 dla Wojsk Lądowych" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 10 August 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  44. ^ "Kawaleria odebrała AW149" (in Polish). Defence24. 30 October 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  45. ^ "Drugi zestaw BSP Bayraktar TB2 dostarczony" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 17 April 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  46. ^ "Ponad 10 lat służby BSP FlyEye w Wojsku Polskim" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 7 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  47. ^ "MSPO 2023: Umowa ramowa na dostawy setek BSP FlyEye" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  48. ^ a b c d "MSPO 2023: Polska zamawia elementy dwóch Morskich Jednostek Rakietowych" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  49. ^ a b c "Kolejne pociski Spike-LR zamówione" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  50. ^ a b "Wojsko Polskie zwiększa zdolności przeciwpancerne" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Umowa na pociski przeciwpancerne Hellfire II" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  52. ^ "Palenie blach na pierwszą fregatę Miecznik" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 17 August 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  53. ^ "Wznowienie analiz dotyczących pozyskania nowych okrętów podwodnych kr. Orka" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 17 July 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  54. ^ "Podniesienie bandery na ORP Kormoran" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  55. ^ "Pierwsze podniesienie bandery na ORP Mewa" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 14 February 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  56. ^ "Szef MON podpisał umowę na dostarczenie MW kolejnych trzech niszczycieli min typu Kormoran II" (in Polish). Defence24. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  57. ^ "Jest stępka pod kolejny niszczyciel min Jaskółka [FOTO]" (in Polish). Defence24. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  58. ^ "Miliardy na szwedzko-polskie Delfiny dla Marynarki Wojennej" (in Polish). Defence24. 25 November 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  59. ^ "Położenie stępki pod budowę ORP Jerzy RÓŻYCKI" (in Polish). The Armaments Agency. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  60. ^ "Pierwsza blacha drugiego Delfina [FOTO]" (in Polish). Defence24. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  61. ^ "Optymalne rozwiązanie w programie Barbara zaproponują Amerykanie" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 23 July 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  62. ^ "Polska zamówiła dwa satelity rozpoznania obrazowego" (in Polish). Dziennik Zbrojny. 27 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
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