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Bids for the
2016 (2016) Summer Olympics and Paralympics
Overview
Games of the XXXI Olympiad
XV Paralympic Games
Winner: Rio de Janeiro
Runner-up: Madrid
Shortlist: Tokyo · Chicago
Details
Previous Games hosted
Decision
Result{{{result}}}

Seven cities submitted bids for 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics on September 13, 2007, aiming to host the Games of the XXXI Olympiad.[1] All of them were recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 14, 2007, becoming Applicant cities.[2] Although several cities submitted to be in consideration to host the 2016 Olympics, including New York City and Los Angeles, on June 4, 2008, the IOC Executive Board shortlisted the four strongest bids to become Candidate cities. Those cities were Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo; the decisions were made during a meeting in Athens, Greece.[3][4] The remaining Applicant cities—Baku, Doha and Prague—were eliminated.[5]

The four Candidate cities were selected according to a detailed study of the Applicant Files received by the IOC Working Group on January 14, 2008.[6] The four cities submitted the Candidature Files to the IOC on February 11, 2009.[7] They were analyzed by the IOC Evaluation Commission, which made site inspections in Chicago (April 4–7, 2009), Tokyo (April 16–19, 2009), Rio de Janeiro (April 27–May 2, 2009) and Madrid (May 5–8, 2009).[8] Under the leadership of Nawal El Moutawakel, the Evaluation Commission released its report on September 2, 2009; one month prior to the election.[9][10]

With the presence of the heads of state from all four Candidate cities, the 121st IOC Session took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 2, 2009.[11] Chicago begun the presentations at Bella Center; followed by Tokyo, Rio de Janeiro and Madrid; which were attended by several celebrities such as the King of Spain, Oprah Winfrey and Pelé.[12][13] Before the vote, the IOC Evaluation Commission presented its report to the Session.[12] Chicago fell in the first round, followed by Tokyo, after the eligible IOC members have been asked to vote, in a three-round exhaustive ballot process.[14][15]

Rio de Janeiro defeated Madrid in the final round by 66 votes over 32, winning the rights to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[16][17] Brazil will be the first lusophone country and Rio de Janeiro the first city in South America to host the Summer Olympics.[18] The announcement was made by Jacques Rogge, president of the IOC, in a widely broadcast ceremony.[19] The lengthy and intensive bidding process, considered to be one of the tightest in history, was marked by several controversies such as espionage, racism and opposition movements.[20] Out of the six cities that failed to be awarded the 2016 Olympics, four of them have bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Baku, Doha, Madrid and Tokyo were official Applicant Cities, with Madrid and Tokyo advancing to become Candidate Cities.


Bidding process

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Evaluation

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Table of scores given by the IOC Working Group to assess the quality and feasibility of the 2016 Applicant cities[21]
Criteria Weight
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Accommodation 5 2.6 4.8 9.4 9.8 5.5 7.7 7.8 8.8 5.1 5.8 5.5 6.4 9.6 10.0
Environmental conditions and impact 2 4.2 6.0 6.0 8.0 6.4 8.2 7.4 8.8 5.4 7.4 5.6 7.6 7.6 8.8
Experience from past sports events 2 3.8 6.4 5.4 8.0 6.0 7.6 7.2 8.2 4.4 6.4 6.6 7.9 6.0 8.0
Finance 3 4.8 6.4 6.5 8.0 6.7 8.6 6.5 8.5 4.8 6.7 6.0 7.7 7.0 8.5
General infrastructure 5 3.8 5.6 5.5 7.4 5.5 7.5 7.9 8.9 4.2 6.0 5.3 7.2 7.6 8.9
Government support, legal issues and public opinion 3 5.7 7.4 6.2 7.9 7.0 8.7 7.5 9.0 4.3 6.7 7.3 8.8 7.0 8.5
Olympic Village(s) 3 6.8 8.1 7.0 8.6 6.9 8.6 7.4 8.7 4.9 7.2 6.0 7.7 7.5 8.9
Overall project and legacy 3 3.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 8.0 7.0 9.0
Safety and security 3 4.4 5.8 7.1 8.2 5.5 7.1 7.1 7.9 4.4 6.1 4.6 7.0 7.9 9.0
Sports venues 4 3.2 5.6 5.8 7.2 6.8 8.2 7.9 8.8 5.0 6.3 5.8 7.4 6.9 8.7
Transport concept 3 6.0 8.5 5.3 7.8 6.5 8.3 8.0 9.0 4.8 7.0 5.5 7.5 7.5 8.5
Total average 4.3 7.0 6.9 8.1 5.3 6.4 8.3

Election

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Bidding cities

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Location of the bidding cities for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
Location of the bidding cities

Candidate cities

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Logo City Country National Olympic Committee Result
Rio de Janeiro  Brazil Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB) Winner
Main article: Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics

Rio de Janeiro was chosen by acclamation by COB on September 1, 2006, to become the national representative seeking to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[22] It proceeded to the Candidature phase for the first time after failed attempts to host the 1936, 2004 and 2012 Games.[23][24] Brazil also attempt to host the 2000 Summer Olympics with Brasília. Rio de Janeiro's bid relied on strong political support by the three levels of Brazilian government, as well as its recent experience in staging international multi-sport events, which include the 2002 South American Games, the 2007 Pan American Games and the upcoming 2014 FIFA World Cup. Security issues, like rampant urban violence, and deficient transport infrastructure were the main concerns about the bid during the campaign.[25] Rio de Janeiro proposed to stage the Olympic Games from August 5 to 21 and the Paralympic Games from September 7 to 18, at a cost of USD 14.4 billion.[26] Rio officials planned 30 competition venues across four clusters—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, and Maracanã—able to hold all sport events within the city limits, while the football tournament would be held in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador and São Paulo.[27]

Madrid  Spain Spanish Olympic Committee (COE) First runner-up
Main article: Madrid bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics

Madrid was nominated by its City Council to become a candidate to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics on July 6, 2006.[28] The bid was formalized by COE on May 30, 2007, with claims to be "radically new" and more prepared than the city's failed attempt to host the 2012 Games.[29] The city also bid for 1972, while Spain made attempts with Seville for 2004 and 2008.[30] Furthermore, the country hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Barcelona.[30] Madrid's application was recognized by the IOC on September 14, 2007, and shortlisted by the IOC Executive Board on June 4, 2008.[31][23] The city presented a strong technical bid headed by Mercedes Coghen, sustaining the highest public support among the four Candidate cities, but Europe's host of the 2012 Summer Games in London and 2014 Winter Games in Sochi was considered a a major problem.

Tokyo  Japan Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC) Second runner-up
Main article: Tokyo bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics


Chicago  United States United States Olympic Committee (USOC) Third runner-up
Main article: Chicago bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics


Applicant cities

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Logo City Country National Olympic Committee Result
Baku  Azerbaijan National Olympic Committee of the Azerbaijani Republic (AZMOC) Not shortlisted
Main article: Baku bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics
Doha  Qatar Qatar Olympic Committee (QOC) Not shortlisted
Main article: Doha bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics
Prague  Czech Republic Czech Olympic Committee (ČOV) Not shortlisted
Main article: Prague bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics

Controversies

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Anticipating bids for the Summer Olympics by Paris, France, in 2005 a Parisian, Mr Gilbert L., registered the trademarks of "Paris 2016", "Paris 2020", "Paris 2024" and "Paris 2028" and associated internet domain names. On March 14, 2007 the High Court of First Instance of Paris (Tribunal d'instance of Paris) ruled that the registration of the domain names was fraudulent and annulled the trademarks.[32] (Paris was not mentioned in the bids for the 2016 Olympics.) An issue arose for Chicago 2016 and Tokyo 2016 with regards to internet domain names. Both Chicago2016.com and Tokyo2016.com have been registered by entrepreneur Steve Frayne, who claimed the domains in 2004, as well as up to 40 other domain names with a similar city/year format that mimics the way Olympic Games are marketed. Frayne claimed he would launch a forum designed to openly discuss the benefits and pitfalls of holding the Olympics in Chicago; however, the website is mostly devoted to the disadvantages of making Chicago the host city. Attempts by the USOC to have the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) release the names has failed and it will now be up to U.S. federal courts to rule. The Olympic bid candidature documentation published by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) states that each bid must "...provide documentation indicating that appropriate measures have been taken to register domain names that are of value to your candidature such as '[City] 2016' followed by extensions .com .net .org as well as the country code concerned." Rio de Janeiro has control of rio2016.com, which they registered in 2003 while bidding for the 2012 Summer Olympics.[33]

Potential bids

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City Country Note Ref.
Brussels  Belgium Showed interest after some politicians considered an organisation between a Belgian city and a Dutch City after the Euro 2000 co-organized by both countries. [34][35]
Cape Town  South Africa Showed interest after some politicians considered an organisation between a Belgian city and a Dutch City after the Euro 2000 co-organized by both countries. [36][37]

References

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  1. ^ "Seven Applicant NOCs/Cities for the 2016 Games". International Olympic Committee. September 14, 2007. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  2. ^ "7 Applicant NOCs/Cities for the 2016 Olympic Games". International Olympic Committee. September 14, 2007. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  3. ^ "Four cities to compete to host the 2016 Olympic Games". International Olympic Committee. June 4, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  4. ^ "Four on 2016 Olympics short-list". BBC. June 4, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  5. ^ "2016 Olympic Bid Short List Preview". GamesBids. June 3, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  6. ^ "All seven 2016 Applicant Cities return responses". International Olympic Committee. January 14, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  7. ^ "Candidature Procedure 2016 – All four candidate cities submit their files to the IOC". International Olympic Committee. February 12, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  8. ^ "2016 Evaluation Commission: Dates of visits to Candidate Cities". International Olympic Committee. October 23, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  9. ^ "IOC Releases 2016 Olympic Report". Around the Rings. September 2, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  10. ^ "IOC announces composition of 2016 Evaluation Commission". International Olympic Committee. September 18, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  11. ^ "Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games". BBC. October 2, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  12. ^ a b "The 2016 Bid Process Explained". International Olympic Committee. October 2, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  13. ^ "Obama 2016 In Copenhagen - What Bid?". GamesBids. October 1, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  14. ^ "The Olympic Bid Vote – Ballot By Ballot Results". GamesBids. October 2, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  15. ^ "Olympic Host City Selection Voting Procedures". GamesBids. October 1, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  16. ^ "Rio de Janeiro Elected As 2016 Host City". International Olympic Committee. October 2, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  17. ^ "Olympics affirms Brazil's rise, Lula's legacy". Reuters. October 2, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  18. ^ Macur, Juliet (October 2, 2009). "Rio Wins 2016 Olympics in a First for South America". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  19. ^ "Rio de Janeiro to host 2016 Olympics". CNN. October 2, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  20. ^ "2016 Olympic Bid Timeline – How We Got Here". GamesBids. October 1, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  21. ^ 2016 Working Group Report (PDF). International Olympic Committee. March 14, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  22. ^ "Rio de Janeiro will be the Brazilian postulant city to host the 2016 Olympic Games" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Olympic Committee. September 1, 2006. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  23. ^ a b "Four cities to compete to host the 2016 Olympic Games". International Olympic Committee. June 4, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  24. ^ "Rio de Janeiro profile and fact sheet". GamesBids. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  25. ^ "Rio 2016: Crime won't hamper bid". Universal Sports. September 18, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  26. ^ Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File (PDF). Vol. 1. Brazilian Olympic Committee. February 16, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  27. ^ Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidate File (PDF). Vol. 2. Brazilian Olympic Committee. February 16, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  28. ^ "Madrid to make bid for 2016 Games". CNN. July 3, 2006. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  29. ^ "Some Not Interested In Prague 2016 Bid - Madrid Is Spain's Official 2016 Candidate". GamesBids. May 30, 2007. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  30. ^ a b "Madrid profile and fact sheet". GamesBids. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  31. ^ "All seven 2016 Applicant Cities return responses". International Olympic Committee. January 14, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  32. ^ The Olympic games infringement case, and the winner is ... Paris, Juriscom.net, May 15, 2007
  33. ^ Chicago 2016 Dot-Com-troversy Heats Up
  34. ^ (in French)Bruxelles candidate pour les Jeux Olympiques 2016, DH.be, 23 Sep 2003.
  35. ^ (in French)La Flandre veut ses JO, DH.be, 19 Sep 2003
  36. ^ (in French)Bruxelles candidate pour les Jeux Olympiques 2016, DH.be, 23 Sep 2003.
  37. ^ (in French)La Flandre veut ses JO, DH.be, 19 Sep 2003
[edit]
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