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From Vulgar Latin to Early Catalan
[edit]Period | Area | Change | Examples | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gallo-Romance | Unstressed final /e, i, o, u/ are lost. /a/ is kept. If an unpronounceable cluster appears, a supporting /e/ is added. |
The final voiced obstruents became unvoiced during the late 12th c. | ||
Catalan | V.L. /e/ becomes /ɘ/. Exceptions: /e/ remains: i) After /ʒ/ ii) Before /j/ iii) Before /n/ + palatal iv) Before n + velar. v) Between two patals.[1][2] |
pĭra > */'pera/ > pera /pɘra/.[1] But: gĭbbu > gep /'gep/ rēge > rei /'rej/ die domĭnĭcu > diumenge /diwˈmenʒə/, lĭngua > llengua /'ʎeŋɡwə/. lĭgna > llenya /'ʎeɲə/ |
In Eastern Catalan, /ɘ/ will be restored to /e/.[2] | |
Catalan | V.L. /ɛ/ (from C.L. short e) becomes closed to /e/. Exception: /ɛ/ remains before some consonats.[1] |
těmpus > */'tɛmpos/ > temps /'tem(p)s/. But: apĕrtu > */a'pɛrto/ > obert /u'bɛrt/.[1] |
||
Catalan | Stressed vowels in contact with palatal become closed.[1] | lacte > llet, pectu > pit, folia > fulla.[1] |
During Medieval Catalan
[edit]Period | Area | Change | Examples | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
late 12th c. | Catalan | Word-final voiced obstruents fruit of the loss of final unstressed vowels are devoiced.[3] | commendātum > comanad > comanat | |
12th c. | Catalan | Word-initial /l/ is palatalized to /ʎ/[4] | lupu > *lop > llop.[1] | Words remain written with ⟨l⟩ until the 15th century.[4] |
13th c. | Eastern Catalan |
Pretonic ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩ beguin to be confused in writing.[5][6] |
- ^ a b c d e f g Ferrater 1973, p. 633.
- ^ a b Moll 1973, p. 74, 76.
- ^ Rabella 1997, p. 22.
- ^ a b Moll 1993, p. 93.
- ^ Rasico, Phillip D. Entorn d'una llei fonètica catalana observada fa temps. p. 9.
- ^ Coromines, Joan. "Vides de Sants" rosselloneses (in Catalan). p. 295.
A l'Edat Mitjana, les abundoses confusions ortogràfiques dels manuscrits demostren que el fet ja estava consumat des d'una data primerenca, pel que fa a la posicio pretònica; en final absoluta sovintegen menys les confusions de a amb e si bé no constitueixen una raresa; en síl·laba posttònica interna, i en la final quan segueix consonant, no es troben confusions abans del segle XV si no es en textos sospitosos i molt excepcionalment.
Books
[edit]- Segarra, M. (1982). Sobre la ortografia i pronunciació del català antic, "L'Avenç", (num.49). Barcelona.
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- Rabella, J.A. Homenatge a Arthur Terry, Vol.1. pp. 1–30.