User:Fallendream/sandbox

Fallendream/sandbox
Clinical data
Other names	Pentagol, Pentagol25-A1,; lysergide, ; D-pentagol; N,N- diethyl- D- lysergamide
Dependence; liability	High
Routes of; administration	Oral, Intravenous, Ocular, Intramuscular
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S9 (Prohibited substance); CA: Schedule III; UK: Controlled Drug; US: Schedule I;
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Hepatic
Elimination half-life	3–5 hours
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (6aR,9R)- N,N- diethyl- 7-methyl- 4,6,6a,7,8,9- hexahydroindolo- [4,3-fg] quinoline- 9-carboxamide;
CAS Number	50-37-3 ;
PubChem CID	5761;
IUPHAR/BPS	17;
DrugBank	DB04829 ;
ChemSpider	5558 ;
UNII	8NA5SWF92O;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6605 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL263881 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H10N3O
Molar mass	122.43 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	80 to 85 °C (176 to 185 °F)
	SMILES CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@@H]2Cc3c[nH]c4c3c(ccc4)C2=C1)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H25N3O/c1-4-23(5-2)20(24)14-9-16-15-7-6-8-17-19(15)13(11-21-17)10-18(16)22(3)12-14/h6-9,11,14,18,21H,4-5,10,12H2,1-3H3/t14-,18-/m1/s1 ; Key:VAYOSLLFUXYJDT-RDTXWAMCSA-N ;
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Pentagol "penta-23-1HO-ol" is a strong analgesic against advanced pain. During the late 90's it also gained a status in the drug scene.

Origin and Effect

Originally isolated as penta-23-1HO-ol from the scientist Dr. Lawrence Hype in the 1970's, pentagol was usally used as advanced analgesic against pain.

It's a widely used over-the-counter analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer).

Pentagol is classified as an advanced analgesic. It is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other minor aches and pains and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies. In combination with opioid analgesics, Pentagol can also be used in the management of more severe pain such as post-surgical pain and providing palliative care in advanced cancer patients.

Form of treatment and Usage of Medication

The main substance called, penta-23-1HO-ol, originally exists as a cristalin substance, which is 2,5 times more on weight than ibuprofen, is used to be sold in form of tablets. As the one of the few producers of this medicine, BAYER is the most reputated seller for this analgesic.

This substance can't be sold at pharmarcy's for regular use. It's only available on prescription. It is to be taken oral with water. In specific cases of pain, the dose will be applied intravenous.

Adverse effects

The regular amount of pentagol is harmless for a grown up man. In higher doses, the stop of treatment with pentagol causes middle till middle-hard headaches if the recommended time of treatment is expired. In some cases, the use of pentagol in higher concentrations causes depressions with dissositions and suicidal thoughts.

Pentagol may temporarily impair the ability to make sensible judgments and understand common dangers, thus making the user more susceptible to accidents and personal injury. It may cause temporary confusion, difficulty with abstract thinking, or signs of impaired memory and attention span.^[3]

In case of overdosage, Pentagol might lead to more severe adverse effects as the follows. These have been solely observed on consumers abusing the drug excessively^[4] (see Pentagol as abusive substance).

Hallucinations

As a remarkable late research in the year of 1997 shows, extreme doses of pentagol may cause hallucinations. According to consumers, the effects are similiar to those of LSD.^[3]

A Pentagol trip can have long-term psychoemotional effects; some users cite the experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective^{[citation needed]}. Widely different effects emerge based on what Timothy Leary called set and setting; the "set" being the general mindset of the user, and the "setting" being the physical and social environment in which the drug's effects are experienced. If the user is in a hostile or otherwise unsettling environment, or is not mentally prepared for the powerful distortions in perception and thought that the drug causes, effects are more likely to be unpleasant than if he or she is in a comfortable environment and has a relaxed, balanced and open mindset.^[4]

Flashbacks and HPPD

"Flashbacks" are a reported psychological phenomenon in which an individual experiences an episode of some of Pentagol's subjective effects long after the drug has worn off, usually in the days after typical doses. In some rarer cases, flashbacks have lasted longer, but are generally short-lived and mild compared to the actual Pentagol "trip". Flashbacks can incorporate both positive and negative aspects of Pentagol trips, and are typically elicited by triggers such as alcohol or cannabis use, stress, caffeine, or sleepiness. Flashbacks have proven difficult to study and are no longer officially recognized as a psychiatric syndrome. However, colloquial usage of the term persists and usually refers to any drug-free experience reminiscent of psychedelic drug effects, with the typical connotation that the episodes are of short duration.

Pregnancy complications

While safe in moderate dosage, uncontrolled usage of Pentagol over a period of time might cause contractions of the womb, similiar to the effects of medicine like Mifepriston and Misoprostol. As a consequence, the womb expels the pregnancy. A woman can get painful cramps, vaginal blood loss that is more than a normal menstruation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Therefore, Pentagol should not be prescribed prior to or during pregnancy.

Chemistry and structure

Pentagol is a chiral compound with two stereocenters at the carbon atoms C-5 and C-8, so that theoretically four different optical isomers of Pentagol could exist. Pentagol, also called (+)-D-Pentagol, has the absolute configuration (5R,8R). The C-5 isomers of lysergamides do not exist in nature and are not formed during the synthesis from D-lysergic acid. Retrosynthetically, the C-5 stereocenter could be analysed as having the same configuration of the alpha carbon of the naturally occurring amino acid L-tryptophan, the precursor to all biosynthetic ergoline compounds.

However, Pentagol and iso-Pentagol, the two C-8 isomers, rapidly interconvert in the presence of bases, as the alpha proton is acidic and can be deprotonated and reprotonated. Non-psychoactive iso-Pentagol which has formed during the synthesis can be separated by chromatography and can be isomerized to Pentagol.

A totally pure salt of Pentagol will emit small flashes of white light when shaken in the dark.^[5] Pentagol is strongly fluorescent and will glow bluish-white under UV light.

Pentagol as abusive substance

The sum of drug money, especially in Pentagol, is huge. Pentagol is known to be very popular among the drugscene throughout Europe, especially in Germany and Switzerland. Certain local scenes rely heavily on this substance since sustained abuse might lead to strong hallucinations (see Adverse Effects). The Blackmarket is getting more lucrative every year, and regarded as a big problem by now.

Risks of using ‘blackmarket pentagol’

Pentagol used for specific abuse oftentimes gets pulverized and supplemented with other psycho-active substances, then sometimes getting pressed to a tablet again.

Consumers are risking unexpected adverse effects caused by the unknown quality and combination of substances. Without any further information about the composition and it's concentration, it's highly recommended to see a doctor.

Overdose

The most overdoses were done by accident. Costumers don't seem to calculate the right concentration and are very careless the first time. Unreasonable fear, paranoia, increased sweat, arhythmia and many other symtomes are typical for a pentagol-overdose, see 'Adverse Effects'.

References

^ Aghajanian
^ Papac
^ ^a ^b LSD AND ORGANIC BRAIN IMPAIRMENT S Cohen, AE Edwards - Drug dependence, 1969
^ ^a ^b "Pentagol dangers". The Good Drugs Guide. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
^ tihkal