User:Faakhir Ansari

DBMS related softwares

Oracle

The Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. Larry Ellison and his friends and former co-workers Bob Miner and Ed Oates started the consultancy Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name Oracle comes from the code-name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while previously employed by Ampex. Oracle processes The Oracle RDBMS typically relies on a group of processes running simultaneously in the background and interacting to monitor and expedite database operations. Typical operating environments might include some of the following individual processes (shown along with their abbreviated nomenclature): § advanced queueing processes (Qnnn) § archiver processes (ARCn) § checkpoint process (CKPT) *REQUIRED* § coordinator-of-job-queues process (CJQn): dynamically spawns slave processes for job-queues § database writer processes (DBWn) *REQUIRED* § dispatcher processes (Dnnn): multiplex server-processes on behalf of users § job-queue slave processes (Jnnn) § log-writer process (LGWR) *REQUIRED* § log-write network-server (LNSn): transmits redo logs in Data Guard environments § logical standby coordinator process (LSP0): controls Data Guard log-application § media-recovery process (MRP): detached recovery-server process § memory-manager process (MMAN): used for internal database tasks such as Automatic Shared Memory Management § memory-monitor process (MMON): process for automatic problem-detection, self-tuning and statistics-gathering § memory-monitor light process (MMNL): gathers and stores Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) data § mmon slaves (Mnnnn—M0000, M0001, etc.): background slaves of the MMON process § process-monitor process (PMON) *REQUIRED* § process-spawner (PSP0): spawns Oracle processes § queue-monitor coordinator process (QMNC): dynamically spwans queue monitor slaves § queue-monitor processes (QMNn) § recoverer process (RECO) § remote file-server process (RFS) § shared server processes (Snnn): serve client-requests § system monitor process (SMON) *REQUIRED

Microsoft Office Access

Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoftthat combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. In May 12 2010, the current version of Microsoft Access 2010 was released by Microsoft in Office 2010; Microsoft Office Access 2007 was the prior version. MS Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Jet Database Engine. It can also import or link directly to datastored in other applications and databases.[1] Software developers and data architects can use Microsoft Access to develop application software, and "power users" can use it to build simple applications. Like other Office applications, Access is supported by Visual Basic for Applications, an object-oriented programming language that can reference a variety of objects including DAO (Data Access Objects), ActiveX Data Objects, and many other ActiveX components. Visual objects used in forms and reports expose their methods and properties in the VBA programming environment, and VBA code modules may declare and call Windows operating-system functions. Features Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports, and connect them together with macros. Advanced users can use VBA to write rich solutions with advanced data manipulation and user control. The original concept of Access was for end users to be able to "access" data from any source. Other uses include: the import and export of data to many formats including Excel,Outlook, ASCII, dBase, Paradox, FoxPro, SQL Server, Oracle, ODBC, etc. It also has the ability to link to data in its existing location and use it for viewing, querying, editing, and reporting. This allows the existing data to change while ensuring that Access uses the latest data. It can perform heterogeneous joins between data sets stored across different platforms. Access is often used by people downloading data from enterprise level databases for manipulation, analysis, and reporting locally. There is also the Jet Database format (MDB or ACCDB in Access 2007) which can contain the application and data in one file. This makes it very convenient to distribute the entire application to another user, who can run it in disconnected environments. One of the benefits of Access from a programmer's perspective is its relative compatibility with SQL (structured query language) — queries can be viewed graphically or edited as SQL statements, and SQL statements can be used directly in Macros and VBA Modules to manipulate Access tables. Users can mix and use both VBA and "Macros" for programming forms and logic and offers object-oriented possibilities. VBA can also be included in queries. Microsoft Access offers parameterized queries. These queries and Access tables can be referenced from other programs like VB6 and .NET through DAO or ADO. From Microsoft Access, VBA can reference parameterized stored procedures via ADO. The desktop editions of Microsoft SQL Server can be used with Access as an alternative to the Jet Database Engine. This support started with MSDE (Microsoft SQL Server Desktop Engine), a scaled down version of Microsoft SQL Server 2000, and continues with the SQL Server Express versions of SQL Server 2005 and 2008. Microsoft Access is a file server-based database. Unlike client–server relational database management systems (RDBMS), Microsoft Access does not implement database triggers,stored procedures, or transaction logging. Access 2010 includes table-level triggers and stored procedures built into the ACE data engine. Thus a Client-server database system is not a requirement for using stored procedures or table triggers with Access 2010. Tables, queries, Forms, reports and Macros can now be developed specifically for web base application in Access 2010. Integration with Microsoft SharePoint 2010 is also highly improved.

MySQL

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. Free-software-open source projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL. For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Applications which use MySQL databases include: TYPO3, Joomla, WordPress,phpBB, Drupal and other software built on the LAMP software stack. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale World Wide Webproducts, including Wikipedia, Google (though not for searches), Facebook, and Twitter. Features As of April 2009, MySQL offered MySQL 5.1 in two different variants: the open source MySQL Community Server and the commercial Enterprise Server. MySQL 5.5 is offered under the same licences. They have a common code base and include the following features: § A broad subset of ANSI SQL 99, as well as extensions § Cross-platform support § Stored procedures § Triggers § Cursors § Updatable Views § True Varchar support § Information schema § Strict mode[further explanation needed] § X/Open XA distributed transaction processing (DTP) support; two phase commit as part of this, using Oracle's InnoDB engine § Independent storage engines (MyISAM for read speed, InnoDB for transactions and referential integrity, MySQL Archive for storing historical data in little space) § Transactions with the InnoDB, and Cluster storage engines; savepoints with InnoDB § SSL support § Query caching § Sub-SELECTs (i.e. nested SELECTs) § Replication support (i.e. Master-Master Replication & Master-Slave Replication) with one master per slave, many slaves per master, no automatic support for multiple masters per slave. § Full-text indexing and searching using MyISAM engine § Embedded database library § Partial Unicode support (UTF-8 and UCS-2 encoded strings are limited to the BMP) § ACID compliance when using transaction capable storage engines (InnoDB and Cluster) § Partititoned tables with pruning of partitions in optimiser § Shared-nothing clustering through MySQL Cluster § Hot backup (via mysqlhotcopy) under certain conditions[29] The developers release monthly versions of the MySQL Server. The sources can be obtained from MySQL's website or from MySQL's Bazaar repository, both under the GPL license

Firebird

Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The databaseforked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten . Within a week of the InterBase 6.0 source being released by Borland on 25 July 2000, the Firebird project was created on SourceForge. Firebird 1.0 was released for Linux, Windows and Mac OS X on 11 March 2002, with ports to Solaris, FreeBSD 4, HP-UX following over the next two months. Work on porting the codebase from C to C++ began in 2000. On 23 February 2004, Firebird 1.5 was released, which was the first stable release of the new codebase. Version 1.5 featured an improved query optimizer, SQL-92 conditional expressions, SQL:1999 savepoints and support for explicit locking. Firebird 2.0 was released on 12 November 2006,adding support for 64-bit architectures, tables nested in FROM clauses, and programmable lock timeouts in blocking transactions. The previous stable release was version 2.1.3, which added new features including procedural triggers, recursive queries, and support for SQL:2003 MERGE statements. Firebird 2.5.1 is the current stable version. New features included improved multithreading, regular expression syntax and the ability to query remote databases. The planned 3.0 release is expected to support stored procedures in languages such as Java and C++, and SQL window functions that restrict query results. An alpha version is expected to be delivered in the last quarter of 2011. Main features § Full support for stored procedures and triggers § Full ACID compliant transactions § Referential integrity § Multi Generational Architecture (sometimes called MVCC) § Support for External Functions (UDFs) § SQL activity can send asynchronous notification events to clients § Third party tools, including GUI administrative tools and replication tools § Careful writes - fast recovery, no need for transaction logs § Many access methods: native/API, dbExpress drivers, ODBC, OLEDB, .Net provider, JDBC native type 4 driver, Python module, PHP, Perl § Incremental backups § Full cursor implementation in PSQL

CSQL is an open source main memory high-performance relational database management system developed @ sourceforge.net. It is designed to provide high performance for SQL queries and DML statements. Main Memory databases performs 10-20 times faster than the disk based database systems, as it completely keeps the database in main memory. As there is no disk I/O, main memory databases provide predictive response time (~10 microsecs for point lookup and ~20 microsecs for insert/update/delete operations) which makes main memory databases ideal for real time as well as near real time applications. Refer: for more information. It can be configured to work in Embedded as well as client/server mode. Apart from acting as relational storage engine, it can also transparently cache data from existing databases. It can be configured to work as transparent, updateable, real time cache ( CSQL Cache ) for existing database management systems such as MySQL, Postgres, etc.

Storage § Direct access to database, data is available in application's address space through embedded mode. § Client/server mode access for applications residing in remote hosts. § Atomicity - All the operations of a transaction performed take effect on the database or none of them will effect § Consistency - Database should be in legal state when the transaction begins and when it ends § Isolation - Application should be able to make operations in a transaction that appear isolated from all other transactions § Durability - Ability to recover all the committed transactions in case of application crash § Protection from process failures by freeing resources held by dead application process § Data Item (row) level locking and lock free internal structures for high concurrency § Support for multiple users and authentication mechanism to access database Data Type and Constraints § Data Types: byte, small, int, bigint, float, double, char, binary, date, time, timestamp § Constraints: NOT NULL, Unique key, Primary Key, Foreign Key § Default values and auto increment key Index § Faster access for point lookup using hash indexing § Faster access for range queries using tree indexing § Highly concurrent faster operations using trie SQL § Support for aggregate functions, grouping, inner join, outer join, self join, distinct, order by Caching § CSQL Cache - Table level database caching for MySQL. Postgres Interfaces § Support for SQL, ODBC, JDBC, PHP § JDBC and ODBC drivers are supported for windows