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Location Baku, Azerbaijan Part of Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower Criteria Cultural: (iv)
Shirvanshahs' Palace Location Baku, Azerbaijan Part of Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palaceand Maiden Tower Criteria Cultural: (iv)

Icheri Sheher, Old City (Baku)

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The Old City, also known as the Inner City, stands as a testament to Baku's rich history and cultural heritage. Nestled within the modern metropolis of Baku, this ancient enclave holds a wealth of historical, architectural, and cultural significance. From its medieval walls to its narrow alleys and historic landmarks, the Old City offers a glimpse into Baku's past and its enduring legacy.

History

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The Old City of Baku, also known as Icheri Sheher[1], is a historic district with roots dating back to the 12th century.[2] Its foundation coincides with the establishment of the Shirvanshahs' Palace and the iconic Maiden Tower, both of which remain enduring symbols of Azerbaijan's rich cultural heritage.

Throughout its storied past, the Old City has witnessed the ebb and flow of various dynasties and empires, each leaving a distinct imprint on its architectural and cultural landscape. The Shirvanshahs, rulers of the region during the medieval period, were instrumental in shaping the city's early development. Their legacy is evident in the elaborate structures and intricate designs found within the Old City's narrow streets and bustling squares.

The Maiden Tower (Azerbaijani: Qız qalası) is a 12th-century monument in the Old City, Baku, Azerbaijan.

Subsequent rulers, including the Safavids and Ottomans, further embellished the Old City with their own architectural marvels and cultural influences. From ornate mosques and majestic palaces to bustling markets and tranquil gardens, each era brought new dimensions to Baku's historic heart.

The 19th and early 20th centuries marked a period of significant transformation for the Old City, as modernization efforts and industrialization swept across the region under Russian and later Soviet rule. Urban fabric underwent substantial changes, with the introduction of new infrastructure and the expansion of trade routes shaping the city's evolving identity.

Despite these changes, the Old City has managed to preserve its timeless charm and distinct character. Today, it stands as a living testament to Baku's rich past, offering visitors a captivating journey through centuries of history and culture. Whether wandering through its ancient streets or marveling at its architectural wonders, the Old City continues to captivate and inspire all who explore its storied corridors.

View of the historical mosques and the walls of Shirvanshahs Palace in the Old town with the modern glass Flame Towers skyscrapers in dramatic sunset light.

Cultural Diversity

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The Old City of Baku is a vibrant hub of cultural diversity, where centuries of mingling between different ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups have shaped its unique identity.

Throughout its rich history, the Old City has served as a home to a mosaic of communities, including Azerbaijani, Persian, Russian, Armenian, and many others. Each of these groups has left its own indelible mark on the fabric of the city, contributing to its rich cultural tapestry.

This multicultural heritage is vividly reflected in every aspect of life within the Old City. From its stunning architecture to its tantalizing cuisine and colorful traditions, the influences of the Caucasus, Middle East, and Europe are evident at every turn. Walking through its streets and squares, one can feel the echoes of centuries past and the harmonious blend of diverse cultural influences that have come together to create the Old City's unique charm and character.

Outside view of Bibi-Heybat mosque in the daylight.

Landmarks

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Juma Masque Baku an inscription on the mosque mentions that “Amir Sharaf al-Din Mahmud ordered the restoration of this mosque in the month of Rajab 709 A.H. (1309)

In addition to the iconic Maiden Tower, the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, and the Juma Mosque, the Old City of Baku boasts several other notable landmarks that enrich its cultural and historical significance.

Caravanserais stand as silent witnesses to the ancient trade routes that once crisscrossed the region. These historic inns provided shelter and accommodation for travelers and merchants journeying along the Silk Road, facilitating cultural exchange and commerce.

The Bibi-Heybat Mosque is another prominent landmark within the Old City, serving as a testament to the city's religious diversity[3]. This mosque holds deep significance for the local Muslim community and visitors alike, with its stunning architecture and spiritual ambiance drawing worshippers and tourists from near and far.

These landmarks collectively embody the rich tapestry of Baku's history, showcasing the interplay of different cultures, religions, and traditions that have shaped the city over the centuries

Culture and Heritage

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The Old City of Baku serves as a vibrant hub of Azerbaijani culture, where traditions are not just preserved but thrive amidst the ancient streets and squares.

Kebabs consist of cut up or ground meat, sometimes with vegetables and various other accompaniments according to the specific recipe. Although kebabs are typically cooked on a skewer over a fire, some kebab dishes are oven-baked in a pan, or prepared as a stew such as tas kebab

Traditional Azerbaijani music[4], dance, and art resonate through the alleys, captivating residents and visitors alike. Local musicians fill the air with melodious tunes, while dancers bring ancient rhythms to life, enchanting audiences with their graceful movements. Artists, inspired by centuries of heritage, showcase their talent in the form of intricate paintings and sculptures, adding to the cultural richness of the Old City.

The art of carpet weaving, deeply ingrained in Azerbaijani history, takes center stage in the Old City. Visitors can immerse themselves in the world of vibrant colors and intricate patterns, witnessing master artisans at work as they skillfully craft carpets using traditional techniques passed down through generations. Exhibitions, workshops, and demonstrations provide an opportunity to delve deeper into this ancient craft, appreciating its significance in Azerbaijani culture.

No visit to the Old City is complete without indulging in the culinary delights of Azerbaijan. Restaurants and cafes beckon with the tantalizing aromas of traditional dishes, inviting guests to savor the rich flavors and diverse ingredients that define Azerbaijani cuisine. From fragrant pilav to succulent kebabs, each dish tells a story of culinary heritage, reflecting the unique blend of influences that have shaped the region over the centuries.

References

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  1. ^ PROMOTE. "Icheri Sheher (Old City)". Azerbaijan 360. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  2. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  3. ^ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bibi-heybat_mosque". Bing. Retrieved 2024-04-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  4. ^ "Music of Azerbaijan", Wikipedia, 2024-04-17, retrieved 2024-04-23

Sources

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  1. “Walled City of Baku.” WHC Unesco, Unesco, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/958/
  2. “Palace of the Shirvanshahs”. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Brandmeister, 15 June 2023‎, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_the_Shirvanshahs
  3. “Maiden Tower (Baku).” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Richardsonr43, 8 March 2024‎, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiden_Tower_(Baku)
  4. https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Maiden_Tower_(Baku)
  5. “Safavid Shirvan.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, HistoryofIran, 28 March 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_Shirvan
  6. “Ottoman Empire.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, UrielAcosta, 21 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
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  8. ”Soviet Union.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Dark4tune, 16 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union
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  10. “Azerbaijanis.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, LouisAragon, 19 April 2024‎, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis
  11. “Persians.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, LouisAragon, 2 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persians
  12. “Russians.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Remsense, 9 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians
  13. “Armenians.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Vanezi Astghik, 6 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians
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  15. “Middle East.”, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Lionel Cristiano, 22 April 2024‎, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East
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  17. “Medieval caravanserais in Azerbaijan.”, Citytoursbaku: Caravanserais, Baku City Tours LLC, 11 March, 2020, https://citytoursbaku.com/caravanserais/
  18. “Bibi-Heybat Mosque.”, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Yamla, 31 October 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibi-Heybat_Mosque
  19. “Music of Azerbaijan.”, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, JJMC89, 17 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan
  20. “Azerbaijani dances.”, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Creffel, 7 March 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances
  21. “Azerbaijani art.’, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, MusikBot II, 11 March 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_art
  22. “Azerbaijani carpet.”, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Creffel, 7 March 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_carpet
  23. “Azerbaijani cuisine.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, SailorGardevoir, 18 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine
  24. “Pilaf.’, Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Ykhwong, 22 April 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilaf
  25. “Dolma –Parcels of culinary pleasure.” Ahmad-Jabir Ahmadov, http://www.visions.az/en/news/258/f6ca773f/
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