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Bangalore Tamils

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Main source of reference: (Removable)

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Title == Dynamics of Language Maintenance Among Linguistic Minorities: A Sociolinguistic Study of the Tamil Communities in Bangalore Volume 2 of Sociolinguistics series / Central Institute of Indian Languages
Author ==Jennifer Marie Bayer
Publisher == Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1986
Original from == the University of Michigan
Length ==124 pages

Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form of India which has its origin in Tamil Nadu, but is immensely popular in Karnataka as well

History

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In the 19th century, Bangalore essentially became a twin city, with the "pētē", whose residents were predominantly Kannadigas, and the "cantonment" created by the British, whose residents were predominantly Tamils.[1].In 1991, Tamils constituted the largest ethnolinguistic minority in Bangalore city making up 21.38% of the total population.Today, Tamil speakers form an estimated 25-30 percent of the population of Bangalore city.[2]: As of 1971, Tamil formed the second-largest mother tongue in Bengaluru .[3] Today, the erstwhile Cantonment area of Bangalore comprising Ulsoor, Shivajinagar, Benson Town, Richard’s Town, Frazer Town, Austin Town, Richmond Town, Cox Town, Murphy Town and others still boast a large Tamil populace[4] [5] .Tamil-speaking people are largely found in the districts of Bengaluru Urban, Bangalore Rural.According to Indian Express news,Out of 1.67 lakh voters in Shivajinagar, 92,000 are Tamil speaking people.[6] Tamil-speaking people are largely found in the districts of Bengaluru Urban, Bangalore Rural, Mysore, Mandya, Kolar, Ramanagara and Chamarajanagar in southern Karnataka.In Karnataka, Tamils form 3.46% of the total population of the state.[7] Almost 5 million Tamils live outside Tamil Nadu, inside India. There has been a recorded presence of Tamil-speaking people in Southern Karnataka since the 10th century.[8]

Chokkanathaswamy temple Inscription

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Incription,10th century Chola temple,Domlur,Banglore
Stone sculpture, Chokkanathaswamy temple,Domlur,Bangalore.10th century AD.[9]
Someswara Temple,Old Madiwala, Bangalore. With four carved pillars, the artha mantapa has a large and elegantly proportioned granite Nandi facing the linga.[10]

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Incription,Someswara Temple, Old Madivala,Bangalore, 1247 AD
Iyengars in a matriculation group photo of the "1866" batch of Bangalore High School (which later became Central College).
Bengaluru Karaga .[11]
Vasundhara Das at Yahoo!, Bangalore.[12]
The Karaga carrier would be seen as a temporary avatar of Draupadi

Yelahanka is referred to as Illaipakka Nadu of Rajendra Solavala Nadu (Gangaikondachola) in the inscriptions.[9]

Domlur itself is referred to as Tombalur and as Desimanikkapattanam in the inscriptions.[9] The Tamil inscriptions of Chakravarthi Posalaviraramanatha Deva are addressed to the authorities of all temples in his kingdom. One epigraphy says that all kinds of taxes, tributes and tolls of Sondekoppa village have been granted by Devaraya II of Vijayanagar to the temple. The wet and dry lands in Tombalur together with wells, trees, houses are granted to God Sokkapperumal.[9] On the door frame dated about 1270 AD, it is written in Tamil that one Alagiyar donated the two door posts. one more inscription in Kannada dated 1290 A.D. states that Poysala Vira Ramanada made donations to the temple.[2] Another inscription says, one Talaikkattu and his wife donated as tax-free the temple property, for the God Tripurantaka Perumal, as also the dry and wet lands in the village of Jalapalli, the tank at Vinnamangalam and other lands below the big tank of Tombalur. The charge of the temple was given to Talai Sankurappachariyan.[9] .[13].

Old Madivala Someshwara temple inscriptions

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The stone temple is said to be a Chola period temple, making it one among Bangalore’s oldest. And there is ample proof of its antiquity. Large portions of its outer walls are covered with inscriptions in Tamil and Grantha (an old script used to write Sanskrit) characters, attesting to the temple’s age. The earliest record dates to 1247 AD and refers to lands donated “below the big tank of Vengalur” by a resident of ‘Veppur’ (modern-day Begur).[14]and also inscrption says Tamaraikkirai (present day Tavarekere).

Hebbar Iyengar

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Hebbar Iyengars were formerly an endogamous group and constitute a part of the Iyengar sub-caste of the Karnataka Brahmins. They are traditionally followers of Ramanuja and Vedanta Desika. They hail primarily from Hassan, Mysore, Tumkur, Bangalore, and surrounding areas in southern Karnataka. The characteristic dialect of the Hebbar Iyengars is called Hebbar Tamil and is a mixture of Iyengar Tamil, Kannada and Sanskrit. The group's primary mother tongue is Hebbar Tamil which is spoken in most Hebbar Iyengar households, though Kannada and English are increasingly taking its place. A peculiar characteristic of Iyengar Tamil (including Hebbar Tamil) is its retention of divine or holy food terminology. For example, Iyengar Tamil makes distinctions between potable ([t̪iːrt̪o]) and non-potable water ([d͡ʒʌlo]), the former considered sacred but both borrowed from Sanskrit. Standard Tamil exhibits only the generic term for 'water'.The Vaishnavite Brahmins of Southern Karnataka use the Tamil surname "Iyengar" and are believed to have migrated during the time of the 11th century Vaishnavite saint Ramanujacharya. Most Iyengars in Karnataka use sub-dialects of Iyengar Tamil.

Thigala or Tigala

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The Thigala or Tigala are a Tamil social group found in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka states of India, and particularly the city of Bangalore.[15] They are likely a sub-caste of the numerous Vanniar caste.[15] Every year, the Thigalas celebrate a festival called Karaga. The story of the Karaga is also rooted in the Mahabharata.Draupadi is the community deity of the Vanhikula KshytriyasThe Thigala in Karnataka speak a mixture of Kannada and Tamil[15].

Thigala and Bengaluru Karaga

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Bengaluru Karaga is primarily a well-known tradition of Thigala community in southern Karnataka. The Karaga festival is generally led by the men of the community. There is a legend which gives them this privilege. Thigalas believe that in the last part of the Mahabharatha, when the Pandavas were shown a glimpse of hell, one last Asura (Demon) called Tripurasura was still alive.[16]At this time, Draupadi, the Pandava's wife, took the form of Shakthi devi. She created a huge army of soldiers called the Veerakumaras. After defeating the Asura, the soldiers asked Shakthi Devi to stay back with them. Though she had to go back, she promised them that she would come to stay with them every year during the first full moon of the first month of the Hindu calendar[16]Kempe Gowda built the Bangalore fort and the town in 1537 A D. And moved his capital from Yelahanka to the new Bangalore. Some believe that Kempe Gowda, the founder of Bangalore city, was a Vanniyakula Kshatriya from Kanchipuram district.[17]

References

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  1. ^ KANNADA MOVEMENT (PDF). p. 50.
  2. ^ "REUTERS". REUTERS. Mon Feb 5, 2007. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ P. Padmanabha. Census of India, 1971. Manager of Publications. pp. 668–669.
  4. ^ Tamil area (PDF). p. 5.
  5. ^ "discoverbangalore".
  6. ^ "Indian Express". Indian Express.
  7. ^ "censusindia".
  8. ^ Smriti Srinivas (2004). "The Settlement of Tamil speaking Groups". Landscapes of Urban Memory. Orient Blackswan. pp. 100–102. ISBN 9788125022541.
  9. ^ a b c d e "History Of the Temple".
  10. ^ "DeccanHerald".
  11. ^ "Bangaluru karaga". THE HINDU.
  12. ^ "Vasundhara Das".
  13. ^ "IBN LIVE".
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference deccanherald.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ a b c People of India. p. 1423.
  16. ^ a b "bangaloremirror". bangaloremirror.
  17. ^ Landscapes of Urban Memeory: The Sacred and the Civic in India's High-tech City.

Category:Bangalore Category:Tamil people

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