Jump to content

User:Erutuon/Voiceless alveolar stop

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The voiceless alveolar stop is a consonant sound used in many languages.

Phonetic variants

[edit]

Place of articulation

[edit]

Primary

[edit]
  • dental
  • alveolar
  • postalveolar

Secondary

[edit]
  • labialized
  • palatalized
  • labiopalatalized tᶣ
  • velarized
  • pharyngealized
  • glottalized

Length

[edit]
  • short t
  • half-long
  • long or geminated

Tenseness

[edit]
  • lenis, lax (voiceless diacritic on symbol for voiced stop)
  • fortis, tense , , or

Voice-onset time

[edit]
  • voiced
  • tenuis
  • aspirated

Release

[edit]
  • lateral release
  • nasal release tⁿ
  • no audible release

Phonology

[edit]

Distinctive features

[edit]

Major

[edit]
  • [-syllabic]
  • [+consonantal]
  • [-approximant]
  • [-sonorant]

Laryngeal

[edit]
  • [-voice]
  • [+/- spread glottis]
  • [? constricted glottis]

Manner

[edit]
  • [-continuant]
  • [-nasal]
  • [+/-lateral]

Place

[edit]
  • [CORONAL]
  • [? anterior]
  • [? distributed]

Phonemes

[edit]

Phonation

[edit]

Mandarin Chinese

  • tenuis /t/
  • aspirated /tʰ/

Thai

  • tenuis /t/
  • aspirated /tʰ/
  • (voiced /d/)

Articulation

[edit]

Estonian

  • plain /t/
  • palatalized /tʲ/

Russian, Lithuanian

  • (plain dental /t/)
  • palatalized alveolar /tʲ/

Ubykh, Abkhaz

  • plain /t/
  • labialized /tʷ/

Other distinctions

[edit]

Chechen

  • aspirated /tʰ/
  • geminated or fortis /tː/
  • pharyngealized /tˤ/
  • pharyngealized geminated /tˤː/

Allophony

[edit]

English

  • at beginning of stressed syllable
    • aspirated [tʰ]
  • after /s/
    • tenuis [t]
  • after stressed vowel
    • lenited [ɾ] (American English)
  • at end of syllable
    • tenuis [t]
    • unreleased [t̚]
    • glottalized [tˀ]
    • debuccalized [ʔ]

Japanese

  • /t/
    • plain [t]
    • lenited [ts] before /u/
    • palatalized [tɕ] before /i/

Sound changes

[edit]

Palatalization

[edit]

English

  • /tj/ > /tʃ/ (yod-coalescence)
    • nature /neɪ.tjuːr/ > /neɪtʃər/

Lenition

[edit]

American English

  • /t/ > [ɾ] (rhotacism, intervocalic alveolar-flapping)
    • /wɑtər/ > [wɑɾɚ]

Welsh

  • /t/ > /d/ (soft mutation)