User:Erutuon/Voiceless alveolar stop
Appearance
The voiceless alveolar stop is a consonant sound used in many languages.
Phonetic variants
[edit]Place of articulation
[edit]Primary
[edit]- dental ⟨t̪⟩
- alveolar ⟨t͇⟩
- postalveolar ⟨t̠⟩
Secondary
[edit]- labialized ⟨tʷ⟩
- palatalized ⟨tʲ⟩
- labiopalatalized ⟨tᶣ⟩
- velarized ⟨tˠ⟩
- pharyngealized ⟨tˤ⟩
- glottalized ⟨tˀ⟩
Length
[edit]- short ⟨t⟩
- half-long ⟨tˑ⟩
- long or geminated ⟨tː⟩
Tenseness
[edit]- lenis, lax ⟨d̥⟩ (voiceless diacritic on symbol for voiced stop)
- fortis, tense ⟨tˑ⟩, ⟨tː⟩, or ⟨t͈⟩
Voice-onset time
[edit]- voiced ⟨t̬⟩
- tenuis ⟨t˭⟩
- aspirated ⟨tʰ⟩
Release
[edit]- lateral release ⟨tˡ⟩
- nasal release ⟨tⁿ⟩
- no audible release ⟨t̚⟩
Phonology
[edit]Distinctive features
[edit]Major
[edit]- [-syllabic]
- [+consonantal]
- [-approximant]
- [-sonorant]
Laryngeal
[edit]- [-voice]
- [+/- spread glottis]
- [? constricted glottis]
Manner
[edit]- [-continuant]
- [-nasal]
- [+/-lateral]
Place
[edit]- [CORONAL]
- [? anterior]
- [? distributed]
Phonemes
[edit]Phonation
[edit]Mandarin Chinese
- tenuis /t/
- aspirated /tʰ/
Thai
- tenuis /t/
- aspirated /tʰ/
- (voiced /d/)
Articulation
[edit]Estonian
- plain /t/
- palatalized /tʲ/
Russian, Lithuanian
- (plain dental /t/)
- palatalized alveolar /tʲ/
Ubykh, Abkhaz
- plain /t/
- labialized /tʷ/
Other distinctions
[edit]Chechen
- aspirated /tʰ/
- geminated or fortis /tː/
- pharyngealized /tˤ/
- pharyngealized geminated /tˤː/
Allophony
[edit]English
- at beginning of stressed syllable
- aspirated [tʰ]
- after /s/
- tenuis [t]
- after stressed vowel
- lenited [ɾ] (American English)
- at end of syllable
- tenuis [t]
- unreleased [t̚]
- glottalized [tˀ]
- debuccalized [ʔ]
Japanese
- /t/
- plain [t]
- lenited [ts] before /u/
- palatalized [tɕ] before /i/
Sound changes
[edit]Palatalization
[edit]English
- /tj/ > /tʃ/ (yod-coalescence)
- nature /neɪ.tjuːr/ > /neɪtʃər/
Lenition
[edit]American English
- /t/ > [ɾ] (rhotacism, intervocalic alveolar-flapping)
- /wɑtər/ > [wɑɾɚ]
Welsh
- /t/ > /d/ (soft mutation)