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Coordinates: 40°42′23″N 73°47′41″W / 40.706268°N 73.794625°W / 40.706268; -73.794625
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Valencia Theatre
Full nameTabernacle of Prayer
Former namesLoew's Valencia Theatre
Location165-11 Jamaica Avenue, Queens, New York
Construction
BuiltJune–December 1928
OpenedJanuary 12, 1929
ArchitectJohn Eberson
General contractorThompson–Starrett Company
DesignatedMay 25, 1999
Reference no.2036

The Valencia Theatre (formerly the Loew's Valencia Theatre) is a former movie palace at 165-11 Jamaica Avenue in Queens, New York City. Built in 1929 as one of five Loew's Wonder Theatres, the theater was donated to The Tabernacle of Prayer for All People in 1977.

Description

[edit]

The Valencia Theatre was designed by John Eberson, known for his atmospheric theaters.[1] The Loew's Valencia Theatre was one of five Loew's Wonder Theatres in the New York City area, along with the Loew's Jersey in Jersey City, the Loew's 175th Street in Manhattan, the Loew's Paradise in the Bronx, and the Loew's Kings in Brooklyn.[2][3] The theater abuts the 165th Street Bus Terminal immediately to the north.[4]

Facade

[edit]

The facade is made of brick and terra cotta in the Spanish and Mexican style of the Baroque period.[5]

Interior

[edit]
External image
image icon Panoramic view of the lobby

The interior is adorned in Spanish Colonial and pre-Columbian styles.[6] The main lobby measured 50 by 100 feet (15 by 30 m) across, and its ceiling was nearly four stories high. The center of the ceiling was flat, while the sides of the ceiling were splayed outward, with trusses made of iron and wood. Pieces of Spanish pottery were placed in niches on either side of the lobby.[7] A marble-and-wrought iron staircase ascended from the lobby, and there was a stone fountain with multicolored tiles next to the stair.[7][8] Next to the lobby was a two-story foyer with Spanish-style columns supporting a set of arches and a vaulted ceiling.[7][9] The foyer was illuminated by soft blue lamps[9] and also had a carpet.[8]

The auditorium itself seats around 3,500 people[10][a] and is decorated to resemble a Spanish garden.[7] The auditorium walls are adorned with statues, parapets and towers, asymmetrically arranged while the ceiling remains unadorned, like a sky above.[1] The proscenium arch is decorated in a Spanish style and is topped by a large niche with a sculpture inside. There are smaller arches on either side of the central niche above the proscenium. The niches are backlit by blue light.[7] On either side of the proscenium is an organ loft.[7][8] The rear walls of the organ loft were painted blue to resemble the sky, while the ceiling had painted stars and clouds.[7] There was a cloud machine, which generated cloud-like mists that moved across the ceiling; the machine had broken down by the 1970s. Three chandeliers hung from the ceiling.[9]

Like the other Wonder Theaters, the Loew's Kings Theatre featured a "Wonder Morton" theater pipe organ manufactured by the Robert Morton Organ Company of Van Nuys, California.[11] The organ featured a console with four manuals and 23 ranks of pipes.[11] The organ moved to the Balboa Theatre in San Diego, California where it was restored and debuted in 2009.[6][12]

History

[edit]

Movie palaces became common in the 1920s between the end of World War I and the beginning of the Great Depression.[13][14] In the New York City area, only a small number of operators were involved in the construction of movie palaces. Relatively few architects were responsible for these theaters' designs, including legitimate theater architects Thomas Lamb, C. Howard Crane, and John Eberson.[13] By the late 1920s, numerous movie palaces were being developed in outlying neighborhoods in New York City; previously, the city's movie palaces had been concentrated in Midtown Manhattan.[15] The five Wonder Theatres were developed by Loew's Inc., which at the time was competing with Paramount-Publix.[16] In 1927, Loew's president Nicholas Schenck agreed to take over five sites from Paramount-Publix, in exchange for agreeing not to build competing theaters in Chicago; these five sites became the Wonder Theatres.[16][17]

Development

[edit]

In December 1926, the builder Ralph Riccardo acquired a 140-by-206-foot (43 by 63 m) site at the northwest corner of Jamaica Avenue and Merrick Road (now Merrick Boulevard) from A. L. Werner and Steuart/Hirschman.[18] According to a contemporary advertisement, the site had previously contained a wooden residence.[19] Riccardo soon sold half of the site to Paramount-Publix,[17][20] which reportedly paid $1 million for the site.[21] In exchange, Paramount-Publix was required to build a theater on the site.[17][22] Allied Owners Inc., which was established in 1927 to develop the Kings, Paramount, Pitkin, and Valencia theaters,[23] took over the site at Jamaica Avenue and Merrick Road[24][25] as part of an agreement with Paramount.[26] In March 1927, Paramount-Publix announced that it would build a theater at Jamaica Avenue and Merrick Road.[27] The Jamaica theater was planned to cost $2.25 million[28] with about 2,500 seats.[29] The theater was one of nine that Paramount-Publix planned to develop in outlying New York City neighborhoods, though the company later dropped plans for four of the other theaters.[30] Riccardo also hired Rapp and Rapp to develop a six-story commercial building abutting the theater.[20]

Paramount-Publix reassigned its leases of the Kings, Pitkin, and Valencia theaters to Loew's in November 1927.[26] Loew's took over the site in February 1928, after the blueprints had been approved.[31] Loew's was still required to develop the site as a theater.[17][22] For the Valencia Theatre's construction, Loew's Inc. agreed to pay Allied Owners Inc. $19,000 a month for 181 months, in exchange for receiving financing from Allied Owners Inc.,[23] and Paramount-Publix agreed to guarantee the Valencia Theatre's construction.[32] Loew's Inc. was to have taken ownership of the property in 1945, once the bonds had been paid off.[25] The Thompson-Starrett Company began erecting the theater in June 1928.[17] By that August, the theater was known as the Valencia, and it was to be Long Island's largest cinema with 4,000 seats.[22][33] A furniture store, Ludwig Baumann & Co., leased the neighboring commercial building.[34]

Theatrical use

[edit]

1920s and 1930s

[edit]
Main entrance

The Valencia opened on January 12, 1929.[17][35] Loew's invited officials from every town and reporters from every newspaper on Long Island to the theater's dedication.[36] The first film to screened there was White Shadows in the South Seas featuring Monte Blue and Raquel Torres, accompanied by vaudeville performances on stage.[10][35][37] Initially, the Valencia hosted stage shows and films that had been shown at Manhattan's Capitol Theatre,[8][38] which cost between 25 and 65 cents a ticket.[37] The theater accommodated 17,000 patrons on opening day[37] and 33,000 in its first week;[39] it quickly became an attraction for people in not only Jamaica, but other parts of Queens and Long Island.[17][40] If the first run of a film was being shown at the Valencia Theatre, it was given the exclusive right to screen that film for seven days;[41] during that time, the film could not be shown in any other Loew's theater as far east as Bay Shore, New York.[17][42] The theater became known as the "Showplace of Long Island".[43] In September 1929, Loew's implemented a new policy wherein stage shows from the Capitol Theatre were successively sent to the Loew's Paradise, Kings, Valencia, and Jersey City theaters.[44] Additionally, the orchestras at the Valencia and Loew's other theaters began performing at alternating Loew's theaters.[45]

By 1930, the theater's managers were operating bus routes to nearby neighborhoods to attract customers.[46] At the time, it was one of the few Loew's theaters in New York City that still hosted both vaudeville and film.[47] Loew's defaulted on the theater's mortgage loan in June 1933,[26] and the Valencia's owner, Allied Owners, filed for bankruptcy protection that November.[23][24] Manufacturers Trust also moved to foreclose on a $9 million mortgage that it had placed on the Valencia and four other Allied theaters.[48] Allied Owners subsequently presented a reorganization plan in 1934,[32][49] and a federal judge approved the plan in March 1935, allowing Allied to transfer ownership of the Kings, Pitkin, and Valencia theaters to Loew's once the debt on these three theaters had been paid off.[50] Allied Owners agreed to sell the three theaters to Loew's for $12,875,000, which would be paid out over 25 years.[25][51] As part of the agreement, Loew's would pay $500,000 for the first ten years and $525,000 for the next fifteen years.[25]

Through the 1930s, the theater hosted both live shows and movies. For example, winners of the Major Bowes Amateur Hour radio show's contest would appear there every Monday night, and actors and singers like Ginger Rogers and Kate Smith also performed there.[37] Loew's decided to stop hosting vaudeville shows at the Valencia starting in September 1935, switching to an all-film program;[52][53] at the time, the company was eliminating vaudeville shows from most of its theaters.[54] In addition, ticket prices at the Valencia were reduced after the discontinuation of vaudeville shows.[53] Loew's management did not reinstate the vaudeville shows, saying the theater was making a profit in spite of their absence.[55] Ted Arnow, a Loew's executive, later recalled that the Valencia sold 25-cent matinee tickets well into the 1940s and that the inexpensive tickets belied the theater's elaborate design.[41] Arnow also recalled that the theater was particularly popular on weekends, with patrons coming from all over Long Island.[9]

1940s to 1970s

[edit]

In 1942, the theater's heating plant was converted from an oil-burning to a coal-burning plant.[56] The following June, the operators of the nearby Savoy Theatre sued Loew's and several other theatrical operators and distributors, claiming that Loew's Valencia and Hillside theaters were violating U.S. antitrust laws.[57] At the time, the Valencia and Hillside were the only theaters in Jamaica that were allowed to screen first runs of films, while all other theaters in the area had to wait one week before screening the same films; the lawsuit was settled the same year.[58] Loew's was sued again in 1944 by a theater operator in Bay Shore, who claimed that the Valencia was violating U.S. antitrust laws because no other theater in the region could screen first-run films.[42] This lawsuit was dropped the next year for unspecified reasons.[59] To attract customers in the late 1940s, Loew's offered free tickets to residents of the then-new Fresh Meadows housing development.[60]

Following a 1948 ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States, Loew's Theaters was forced to split up its film-production and film-exhibition divisions.[61] As part of the split, Loew's Theatres was compelled to either sell the Valencia Theatre or limit the types of shows that were to be presented there.[62][63] In 1953, the theater was retrofitted with a panoramic screen and a stereophonic sound system,[64] becoming the first theater in Queens with these features.[37] During the 1950s, in addition to screening films, the Valencia hosted events such as opera performances,[65] jazz concerts,[66] homemaking contests,[67] and televised boxing matches.[68] By the 1960s, Loew's Theaters Inc. had begun to struggle financially, and the chain closed some of its larger theaters due to high expenses.[69] The Valencia continued to operate during the decade, but other Loew's theaters had been subdivided, partially closed, or even demolished.[37]

In the early 1960s, the theater's lobby was repainted to promote the film Barabbas.[70] The Valencia also hosted events such as women-only film screenings,[71] televised boxing matches,[72] and circus acts during the 1960s and 1970s.[73] A Newsday reporter wrote in 1971 that the theater's cloud machine had broken down several years previously without being repaired. The backstage area, once used for stage shows, had long since been converted to storage space.[9] Variety noted in 1973 that the balcony had been shuttered for several years and that the Valencia no longer had a monopoly on first runs of films.[74] Despite its decline, the Valencia was one of the few remaining movie palaces in New York City.[9][75] In 1976, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) began considering designating the Valencia Theatre as a city landmark.[40][76] The Greater Jamaica Development Corporation supported the designation because it wanted to convert the Valencia into a cultural center,[76] but Loew's opposed the designation.[1][43] Loew's closed the theater permanently on June 15, 1977, citing declining business and a declining supply of suitable movies.[43] The Valencia's last film was The Greatest featuring Muhammad Ali.[43]

Church use

[edit]

In July 1977, Loew's decided to donate the building to the Tabernacle of Prayer, a Brooklyn–based congregation.[43] The Tabernacle of Prayer subsequently decided to restore the theater.[40] The Tabernacle of Prayer for All People had decided to acquire the Valencia Theatre after a failed attempt to buy the Kings Theatre.[43][77] The modifications included the installation of a chandelier on the auditorium's ceiling, an addition that theatrical critic Elliott Stein criticized as "a 'nouveau riche' chandelier that dangles inappropriately from Eberson's sky".[78] In addition, a choir loft and pulpit were constructed, and the original interior decorations were restored.[43] The renovations ultimately cost $250,000.[77]

The LPC designated the building as an exterior landmark on May 25, 1999.[40] However, the interior was ineligible for landmark preservation because the LPC does not give interior-landmark designations to houses of worship.[1] In the 21st century, the Valencia continues to operate as a church, and it sometimes hosts public tours.[79]

Impact

[edit]

When the theater was built, one newspaper described the main entrance as "very striking" and the main auditorium as being so elaborate as to be "almost beyond description".[22] After its completion, the Queens Chamber of Commerce's Queensborough Magazine described the Valencia as one of Queens's "outstanding improvements" during 1928.[37] Newsday wrote that the theater's architecture "created the impression of a Spanish plaza, complete with a starlit ceiling, niches and exotic decoration".[80]

By the 1970s, Newsday described the theater as reminiscent of "an earlier, gaudier page of motion pictures",[9] while The New York Times called it "a fading memory of what movie houses were all about in the days when they reflected the splendor that was Hollywood".[81] After the theater stopped showing movies, the Wantagh Preservation Society of Wantagh, New York, hosted an exhibit about the theater in 1979.[82]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ According to Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 10, contemporary news sources cite the theater as having about 4,000 seats, but the Theatre Historical Society of America cites 3,554 seats.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Gray, Christopher (April 15, 1990). "Streetscapes: Jamaica's Valencia Theater; a Success Story Masks a Landmarks Law Quirk". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  2. ^ Adams, Nathaniel (January 16, 2015). "Across the New York Area, Restoring 'Wonder Theater' Movie Palaces to Glory". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 26, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  3. ^ Iverem, Esther (January 22, 1991). "Movie Theaters That Were Palaces Now Playing: Queens History". Newsday. p. 54. ISSN 2574-5298. ProQuest 278315782.
  4. ^ "Jamaica Stores Rented: Four Leases Closed in Big Bus Terminal on 165th Street". The New York Times. August 16, 1936. pp. RE2. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 101816748.
  5. ^ "Loew' s Valencia Theater" (PDF). Landmarks Preservation Commission. May 25, 1999. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  6. ^ a b "Loew's Valencia Theatre in Jamaica, NY - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "New Jamaica Theatre Ready". Times Union. December 29, 1928. p. 64. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d "Loew's Valencia, Jamaica, Will Open Next Saturday". New York Herald Tribune. January 6, 1929. p. F6. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1111938923.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Kahn, Daniel (February 6, 1971). "The Goldfish Ate Jujubes: ...And that wasn't all. There were clouds in a starry sky, shimmering chandeliers and dazzling light displays, arcades and colonnades. Was that any way to build a movie theater? You bet". Newsday. p. 1W. ISSN 2574-5298. ProQuest 915853417.
  10. ^ a b Durgin, Chester (January 12, 1929). "Reflections on the Screen" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. p. 14. Retrieved September 6, 2015; "W. Saxton Installed as Head of Valencia" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. January 12, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  11. ^ a b "Loew's Valencia Theatre". The New York City Chapter of the American Guild of Organists. January 12, 1929. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  12. ^ "ATOS: Balboa Theatre". www.atos.org. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  13. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016, pp. 5–6.
  14. ^ Hall, Ben M. (1975). The Best Remaining Seats: The Story of the Golden Age of the Movie Palace. C. N. Potter. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-517-02057-9. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  15. ^ Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-8478-3096-1. OCLC 13860977.
  16. ^ a b Historic Structures Report: Loew's Kings Theatre (PDF) (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. July 6, 2012. p. 16.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 5.
  18. ^ "Jamaica Parcel Brings Big Price". Brooklyn Eagle. December 26, 1926. p. 39. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  19. ^ "Riccardo Building Leased 100 Percent" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. January 11, 1929. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  20. ^ a b "Office Building to Adjoin Theatre". The Brooklyn Daily Times. April 20, 1927. p. 46. Retrieved November 21, 2024; "Plans Office Building Near Big Theatre". Times Union. April 10, 1927. p. 17. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  21. ^ "New York Alleged Fertile for More Theatre Building". Variety. Vol. 87, no. 6. May 25, 1927. p. 5. ProQuest 1529388326.
  22. ^ a b c d "Largest Jamaica Structure Rapidly Nearing Completion". The Brooklyn Daily Times. August 12, 1928. p. 38. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  23. ^ a b c "Zukor Tells of Aid by Allied Owners; He Appears as Witness in Ex- amination of Bankrupt Concern in Brooklyn". The New York Times. November 2, 1933. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  24. ^ a b "Family Doesn't Interfere With Zukor's Business". New York Herald Tribune. November 2, 1933. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1125462634; "Settlement Plan Seen Near in Case of Allied Owners". Times Union. January 12, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  25. ^ a b c d "Pictures: Valencia, Jamaica, Kings and Pitkin, B'klyn, 100% Loew's". Variety. Vol. 119, no. 7. July 31, 1935. p. 35. ProQuest 1475846228.
  26. ^ a b c "Pictures: Paramount Retains B'klyn Par For 20 Yrs. as Part of $23,644,255 Claim Settlement with Allied Corp". Variety. Vol. 116, no. 10. November 20, 1934. pp. 7, 25. ProQuest 1475806627.
  27. ^ "Pictures: Publix's N. Y. Neighborhood Policy 9 New Theatres; $20,000,000". Variety. Vol. 86, no. 9. March 16, 1927. pp. 4, 14. ProQuest 1475703994.
  28. ^ "Auditorium Seating 3,920 Is to Have No Balcony Overhang". Times Union. March 20, 1927. p. 19. Retrieved November 21, 2024; "$2,500,000 Theatre Planned for Flatbush". The Chat. March 26, 1927. p. 73. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  29. ^ "Pictures: Loew's 4 New N.Y. Neighb'hoods; 1st Presentations in Suburbs". Variety. Vol. 90, no. 6. February 22, 1928. p. 14. ProQuest 1475748363.
  30. ^ "Pictures: 4 New Publix Neighborhood Houses Reported Abandoned". Variety. Vol. 87, no. 1. April 20, 1927. p. 4. ProQuest 1475725229.
  31. ^ "Pictures: Loew's in Jamaica". Variety. Vol. 90, no. 4. February 8, 1928. p. 15. ProQuest 1475734244.
  32. ^ a b "Allied Owners Files Its Plan to Reorganize". Brooklyn Eagle. September 18, 1934. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  33. ^ "Occupancy of Huge Jamaica Building Near". New York Daily News. August 25, 1928. p. 77. ISSN 2692-1251. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  34. ^ "Ludwig Baumann Co. Leases Six-Story Jamaica Building". The Brooklyn Daily Times. November 25, 1928. p. 6. Retrieved November 21, 2024; "Ludwig Baumann & Co. Take Lease of Jamaica Building". The Chat. December 1, 1928. p. 5. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  35. ^ a b "Loew's Valencia Theater Has Opening in Jamaica". Brooklyn Eagle. January 13, 1929. p. 57. Retrieved November 21, 2024; "New Valencia Theatre, Loew House, Opens". The Brooklyn Citizen. January 13, 1929. p. 12. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  36. ^ "Valencia Theatre All Ready For Its Opening Tomorrow". The Brooklyn Daily Times. January 11, 1929. p. 104. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 6.
  38. ^ "Loew's Valencia Opens at Jamaica Jan. 12". The Brooklyn Daily Times. December 30, 1928. p. 27. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  39. ^ "News and Notes of Infinite Variety: Fay Ehlert". New York Herald Tribune. January 20, 1929. p. F12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1111946144.
  40. ^ a b c d Macfarquhar, Neil (May 26, 1999). "Former Movie Palace Is Named a Landmark". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  41. ^ a b Toumarkine, Doris (October 1, 1990). "The Never-ending Story of Loews Theatres". The Film Journal. Vol. 93, no. 9. p. 38. ProQuest 1401456657.
  42. ^ a b "Pictures: Loew's Valencia, L. I., in Anti-trust Suit". Variety. Vol. 156, no. 9. November 8, 1944. p. 3. ProQuest 1285872917; "Anti-Trust Action Against 5 Majors". The Hollywood Reporter. Vol. 80, no. 48. November 7, 1944. pp. 1, 23. ProQuest 2298661742.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g Rabin, Bernard (July 11, 1977). "Switch Valencia Seats to Pews". New York Daily News. p. 302. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  44. ^ "Pictures: Capitol's Stage Shows Touring Five Loew's". Variety. Vol. 95, no. 11. June 26, 1929. p. 14. ProQuest 1475730531.
  45. ^ "Loew Introduces New Touring Unit Shows". The Billboard. Vol. 41, no. 47. November 30, 1929. p. 20. ProQuest 1031933898.
  46. ^ "General Indoor News: Vaudeville Exploitation". The Billboard. Vol. 42, no. 38. September 20, 1930. p. 31. ProQuest 1031948385.
  47. ^ "More Loew Vaude. Exiting; Dark Outlook for the Fall". The Billboard. Vol. 42, no. 30. July 26, 1930. pp. 7, 9. ProQuest 1031938054.
  48. ^ "Pictures: Threaten Mortgage Foreclosure on 4 Brooklyn Theatres". Variety. Vol. 113, no. 5. January 16, 1934. p. 23. ProQuest 1475839569; Bratton, David (January 12, 1934). "Ask Foreclosure on Five Theaters of Allied Owners". Times Union. p. 4. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  49. ^ "Allied Owners Files Plea to Reorganize; New York Investors Subsidiary Lists $10,178,256 as Excess Assets". The New York Times. June 23, 1934. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  50. ^ "Real Estate News: Broadway Block Front Resale Brings Profit Samuel Brener Disposes of Manhasset Acquired Recently and Held at $1,900,000; Other Deals". New York Herald Tribune. March 23, 1935. p. 25. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1254360186; "Court Approves Reorganization of Allied Owners". Times Union. March 22, 1935. pp. 3, 4. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  51. ^ "Allied Owners Trustees Deed Back Assets". Brooklyn Eagle. April 16, 1936. p. 4. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  52. ^ "Vaudeville: Loew's Five Indie Weeks". The Billboard. Vol. 47, no. 35. August 31, 1935. p. 15. ProQuest 1032084115; "Vaudeville: Loew's Dropping 3 More Weeks Of Vaude, State Only N. Y. Stand". Variety. Vol. 119, no. 11. August 28, 1935. p. 45. ProQuest 1475855099.
  53. ^ a b "4 Loew Theatres to End Vaudeville; Two in Bronx, One in Jamaica and Yorkville to Abandon Stage Shows Shortly". The New York Times. September 3, 1935. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  54. ^ "Vaudeville: Loew Vaude Cuts Pend". The Billboard. Vol. 47, no. 32. August 10, 1935. p. 13. ProQuest 1032071622.
  55. ^ "Vaude-Nite Clubs: Loew's Denies Reports of Vaude Return for 2 New York Theatres". Variety. Vol. 132, no. 5. October 12, 1938. p. 41. ProQuest 1476014377.
  56. ^ "City's Theaters, Heated by Coal, Don't Mind Cold: Nearly All in Metropolitan Area Dispense With Oil, With Others Converting". New York Herald Tribune. January 8, 1943. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1267810557.
  57. ^ "Pictures: Savoy, Large Indie In Jamaica, L. I., In Unique Zoning Beef". Variety. Vol. 150, no. 12. June 2, 1943. p. 17. ProQuest 1401235154.
  58. ^ "Pictures: Savoy, Jamaica, Wins". Variety. Vol. 151, no. 3. June 30, 1943. p. 24. ProQuest 1401244032.
  59. ^ "Pictures: Trust Suit by L. I. Theatre Discontinued". Variety. Vol. 157, no. 7. January 24, 1945. p. 21. ProQuest 1285872734; "Anti-Trust Suit Against Majors Off". The Hollywood Reporter. Vol. 81, no. 47. January 18, 1945. p. 1. ProQuest 2320481069.
  60. ^ Waldman, Walter (July 2, 1949). "How Loew's Went After New Housing Patronage". Boxoffice. Vol. 55, no. 9. p. 27. ProQuest 1505860243.
  61. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016, p. 12.
  62. ^ "Pictures: Loew's Wins Some Unique Points—And Loses a Few—In Final Decree". Variety. Vol. 185, no. 8. January 30, 1952. pp. 3, 18. ProQuest 962823999.
  63. ^ "Text of Loew's Inc. Consent Decree". Boxoffice. Vol. 60, no. 14. February 2, 1952. p. 18. ProQuest 1529093223.
  64. ^ "8 Loew's Houses Have 3-D Sound". New York Daily News. September 5, 1953. p. 155. ISSN 2692-1251. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  65. ^ "Queens to See 'Hansel'; Complete Opera in English Set for Loew's Valencia Saturday". The New York Times. April 1, 1952. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  66. ^ "Jazz Displacing Films In Loew Theatre Test". The Hollywood Reporter. Vol. 118, no. 25. March 19, 1952. p. 3. ProQuest 2320445505; "Barns Fight Equity Again; 'Tony' Award Dinner Tickets". New York Daily News. March 27, 1952. p. 353. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  67. ^ Hall, Guin (April 11, 1956). "Mother of 3 Wins Mrs. America City Title". New York Herald Tribune. p. 20. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1325221864.
  68. ^ Hollinger, Hy (April 2, 1958). "Tollvision: Bout Estimated $330,000 to Club; Teleprompter Profit About $300,000". Variety. Vol. 210, no. 5. p. 25. ProQuest 1017035499.
  69. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016, p. 14.
  70. ^ "Showmandiser: 'Barabbas' Face Painted In Lobby for Display". Boxoffice. Vol. 82, no. 17. February 18, 1963. p. a1. ProQuest 1670969204.
  71. ^ "Theatres Show 'For Women Only' Movies". Daily Defender. March 1, 1960. p. 14. ProQuest 493909049; "Cancer Film Showings; Women to See Documentary in 51 L.I. Theatres Today". The New York Times. February 25, 1960. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  72. ^ See, for example: "143 TV Outlets Set for Liston's Bout". The New York Times. July 9, 1963. Retrieved November 22, 2024; Eskenazi, Gerald (February 25, 1964). "Theater‐TV Tickets for Fight Expected to Make Good Showing". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2024. Retrieved November 22, 2024; "750,000 Expected to See Title Fight Over Closed-Circuit TV Tomorrow". The New York Times. November 21, 1965. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  73. ^ "Vaudeville: Circus Producer Promises To Pay Off Acts After B.O. Fiasco At Loew's House". Variety. Vol. 261, no. 3. December 2, 1970. p. 44. ProQuest 963010952.
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  75. ^ "Brooklynites Bid a Nostalgic Farewell to the Fox". The New York Times. January 4, 1971. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
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Sources

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