User:Enwebb/iucn mammals

Order	Family	ASM name	MSW3 name	IUCN TaxonId	taxonomicNotes
CARNIVORA	HERPESTIDAE	*Bdeogale omnivora		136686	Treated as a subspecies of Bdeogale crassicauda by several authors (Sale and Taylor 1970; Wozencraft 1993, 2005), but here treated as distinct following Taylor (2013).
CHIROPTERA	MORMOOPIDAE	*Pteronotus mesoamericanus		88018392	Previously Pteronotus mesoamericanus this was assessed as the subspecies Pteronotus parnellii ssp. mesoamericanus. It has now been raised to species level.
CHIROPTERA	MORMOOPIDAE	*Pteronotus rubiginosus		88018592	Previously Pteronotus rubiginosus this was included as a subspecies Pteronotus parnellii. It has now been raised to species level.
CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	*Platyrrhinus incarum		88160214	This species has been split from P. helleri (Velazco et al. 2010).
CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	*Platyrrhinus nigellus		136317	This used to be a complex of two species (Velazco pers. comm.).
CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	*Vampyrodes major		88151984	Vampyroides major was previously included within V. caraccioli. It is now considered a distinct species.
CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	*Myonycteris leptodon		84463728	Nesi et al. (2013) recently elevated the taxon Myonycteris leptodon to species rank. This species was originally described by Anderson (1908), but synonymised with Myonytceris torquata by Bergmans (1976) and has remained in synonymy since then (e.g. Simmons 2005). However, recent molecular analyses have shown that M. leptodon from West Africa differs by 4.8-6.6% in its Cytochrome_b sequence from M. torquata from Central Africa (Nesi et al. 2013). The two species are morphologically similar, but their distributions appear to be non-overlapping.
CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	*Scotonycteris bergmansi		84466436	Morphologically, Scotonycteris bergmansi is not distinguishable from the other two species of Scotonycteris, S. zenkeri (in Cameroon) and S. ocidentalis (in West Africa). However, molecular analyses, based on mitochondrial and nuclear data, have shown that these three taxa are genetically isolated (Hassanin et al. 2015).
DIDELPHIMORPHIA	DIDELPHIDAE	*Marmosops pakaraimae		51221900	The new species, M. pakaraimae, is one of only seven mammals known to be endemic to Pantepui, and phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome-b sequence data indicate that its sister taxon is M. parvidens, a geographically adjacent lowland species (Voss et al. 2013).
DIDELPHIMORPHIA	DIDELPHIDAE	*Thylamys pulchellus		199834	This species was previously considered as T. pusillus. A recent study (Teta et al. 2009) demonstrated genetic and morphological differences with T. pusillus (sensu stricto). Morphological differences with T. pusillus were also discussed by Martin (2008).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Congosorex phillipsorum		136343
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura afeworkbekelei		112517405	Crocidura afeworkbekelei is part of the C. glassi complex of Ethiopian endemics, which includes C. glassi, C. macmillani, C. baileyi and C. lucina (Lavrenchenko et al. 2016).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura fingui		111739377	Based on mitochondrial data, C. fingui forms a well-supported monophyletic clade belonging to the C. poensis complex (Ceríaco et al. 2015). The C. fingui clade is sister to all C. poensis from mainland Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon and Republic of Congo) (Ceríaco et al. 2015). Morphological and phylogenetic analyses combined with high rate of endemism on both islands, supports C. fingui representing a distinct species of Crocidurinae shrew (Ceríaco et al. 2015).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura gathornei		111765432
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura indochinensis	(Crocidura indochinensis)	136733	This taxon was previously included as a synonym of C. horsfieldii, but following Lunde et al. (2003) C. horsfieldii is restricted to Sri Lanka and peninsular India, with indochinensis and wuchihensis representing separate species. See Lunde et al. (2003, 2004) for further descriptions and comparative measurements of C. wuchihenisis and C. indochinensis. The species, as currently treated, might still represent a complex of more than one species (Smith et al. 2008).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura lwiroensis		112139630	C. lwiroensis is distinguishable from other members of the genus both externally and cranio-dentally (Kerbis Peterhans et al. 2013).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura mdumai		112503346	Molecular analysis shows Crocidura mdumai to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015). Although C. mdumai is endemic to the Ngorongoro Crater, it is a member of a clade that includes the East and West Usambaras (C. tansaniana), the South Pares (C. usambarae), Mt Meru (Crocidura newmarki), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and the middle Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM): Rubeho, Ukaguru, Uluguru, and Udzungwa (Crocidura munissii). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax complex is significant as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura munissii		112503202	Molecular analysis shows Crocidura munissii to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015). Although C. munissii is endemic to the southern Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), it is a member of a clade that includes the East and West Usambaras (C. tansaniana), the South Pares (C. usambarae), Mt. Meru (Crocidura newmarki), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and Ngorongoro (Crocidura mdumai). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax clade is significant as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura newmarki		112503255	Molecular analysis shows C. newmarki to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015), although C. newmarki is endemic to Mt. Meru, it is a member of a clade that includes the East and West Usambaras (C. tansaniana), the South Pares (C. usambarae), Ngorongoro (Crocidura mdumai), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and the middle Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), Rubeho, Ukaguru, Uluguru, and Udzungwa (Crocidura munissii). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax clade is significant, as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura nimbasilvanus		112519468	Crocidura nimbasilvanus has recently been split from C. goliath and is now known to be the sister taxon of C. nimbae, which is also endemic to West Africa (Jacquet et al. 2012).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura phuquocensis		45954289
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura sokolovi		45954331
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura yaldeni		112517512	Crocidura yaldeni is a sister species to C. thalia, with analysis showing a tendency for C. thalia and C. glassi to form a clade against C. yaldeni (Bannikova et al. 2001, Bannikova et al. 2005). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that genetic distances between C. yaldeni, and its two closest relatives, C. thalia and C. glassi, are within the range usually recorded for interspecific genetic differentiation within Crocidura (Bannikova et al. 2001, Bannikova et al. 2005). Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing revealed that C. yaldeni and C. macmillani form the most basal branch of the group of Ethiopian endemics (including C. glassi, C. thalia, C. lucina and C. baileyi), whereas C. thalia appears as sister to C. glassi (Lavrenchenko et al. 2009).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Crocidura zaitsevi		45954341
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis aroensis		45954361
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis cavatorculus		96829126	New species in Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2015).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis celaque		96828906	New species in Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2015).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis dinirensis		114956336
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis lacertosus		48269646	This is a newly recognised species in the Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2010).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis mam		48269568	Previously included within Cryptotis griseoventris, C. mam is a newly recognised species in the Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2010).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis mccarthyi		96829093	This is a new species in Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2015).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis merus	(Cryptotis mera)	136299	This species is monotypic. The genre of the genus Cryptotis is masculine, not feminine (Gardner 2005), therefore, the epithet must change from mera to merus.
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis niausa		96829156	This is a new species (Moreno and Albuja 2014).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis oreoryctes		45954370
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis perijensis		91356351	New species.
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Cryptotis venezuelensis		48267978
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Myosorex bururiensis		45954374
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Myosorex gnoskei		45954382
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Myosorex jejei		45954378
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Myosorex kabogoensis		112042073
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Sorex ixtlanensis		136339	This species was formerly considered a part of S. veraepacis mutabilis. It is difficult to determine the separate distribution of this newly elevated species. More taxonomic research is required (P. de Grammont, I. Arellano, N. Woodman and J. Matson pers. comm.). This species is monotypic (Carraway 2014).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Sorex mediopua		136656	Sorex mediopua was previously considered to be part of Sorex saussurei saussurei. The distribution of mediopua and saussurei are not very well differentiated. Because of this confusion, it is difficult to assess this species. More taxonomic research is needed (P. de Grammont, I. Arellano, N. Woodman and J. Matson pers. comm.).
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Suncus hututsi		45954392
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Sylvisorex akaibei		45954406
EULIPOTYPHLA	SORICIDAE	*Sylvisorex corbeti		48294480	Sylvisorex corbeti is another new species within the genus Sylvisorex, the composition of which is still largely unknown (Hutterer and Montermann 2009). It may be related to S. ollula, which is considerably smaller but otherwise similar (R. Hutterer pers. comm. 2017).
LAGOMORPHA	LEPORIDAE	*Sylvilagus gabbi		87491157	Previously this was assessed as the subspecies S. brasiliensis gabbi. It has now been raised to species level. Sylvilagus gabbi, along with its putatively subordinate taxon truei, were among the many subspecies synonymized under S. brasiliensis. The former two were recently removed from synonomy with brasiliensis, with truei becoming a subspecies of S. gabbi (Ruedas and Salazar-Bravo 2007). Currently, Gabb’s Cottontail is hypothesized to be constituted by six subspecies: S. gabbi gabbi, S. g. truei, S. g. consobrinus, S. g. messorius, S. g. tumacus, S. g. incitatus, however, the validity of some of these taxa remains in question; the taxonomy of S. gabbi is therefore unstable at the present time, until such a time as the identity of these taxa is resolved (Ruedas 2018).
LAGOMORPHA	OCHOTONIDAE	*Ochotona coreana		87948071	This species is within the subgenus Pika. There are no subspecies identified. Initially, Ochotona coreana was described as an independent species, after which it was included as a subspecies of O. hyperborea. Now, based on new molecular evidence and its geographic isolation, it is once again treated as an independent species, and is most closely related to O. hyperborea (Lissovsky et al. 2008, Lissovsky 2014).
LAGOMORPHA	OCHOTONIDAE	*Ochotona mantchurica		87948094	This species is within subgenus Pika. Ochotona mantchurica consists of three subspecies: O. m. mantchurica, O. m. loukashkini, and O. m. scorodumovi. The independence of this taxon was only recently recognized, and previously some parts of its distribution were included in O. hyperborea, and others in O. alpina (reflecting the tradition of confusion of these forms). It was originally described as a subspecies of O. hyperborea, while the form scorodumovi from Russian Transbaikalia was aligned with O. alpina. Populations in China from the Lesser Khingan Range (loukashkini) have been referred to as O. alpina cinerofusca. New data solidify the independence of O. manchurica south of the Amur River, while the closely-related hyperborea is found only north of the Amur. Additional systematic confusion includes a large series of O. hyperborea collected in Mongolia, close to Ulaanbaatar, which were originally designated as mantchurica (and even used as a voucher series for mantchurica).
RODENTIA	CAVIIDAE	*Galea comes		86235821
RODENTIA	CAVIIDAE	*Galea leucoblephara		86236150	G. l. demissa Thomas, 1921 – Chaco dry woodlands of central and southern Bolivia western Paraguay, and southward to Argentina, reaching the provinces of Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. G. l. leucoblephara Burmeister, 1861 – Extending from Catamarca Province in Argentina south through La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza and Cordoba. G. l. littoralis Thomas, 1901 – Mendoza and La Pampa Provinces in Argentina south to Chubut. Also extends from coastal Buenos Aires Province west to the base of the Andes (Lacher 2016).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Abrothrix manni		114955961
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Akodon polopi		48300296
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Graomys chacoensis	(Graomys centralis)	114981285
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Microtus elbeyli		112465222	Specimens previously recorded as Microtus irani from southeastern Turkey are now considered to be a separate species (M. elbeyli) based on karyological “2n= 46” and cranial differences, and also marked ochreous dorsal color (Yiğit et al. 2016).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Proedromys liangshanensis		136459	This new species of Proedromys is distinguished from P. bedfordi by external and cranial measurements, as well as dentition (Liu et al. 2007).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Reithrodontomys musseri		45959367
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Rhipidomys albujai		113476528
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys auricularis		96790651	New species, split from T. pyrrhonotus (Pacheco 2015).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys australis		96791089	New species, split from T. daphne (Pacheco 2015).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys contradictus		96792191	Musser and Carleton (1993, 2005) treated T. contradictus and T. dispar as subspecies or simple synonyms of T. cinereiventer. However, Pacheco (2003) held these taxa as full species (Pacheco 2015). This species is now recognized as a new species, split from T. cinereiventer (Pacheco 2015).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys dispar		96792239	Musser and Carleton (1993, 2005) treated T. contradictus and T. dispar as subspecies or simple synonyms of T. cinereiventer. However, Pacheco (2003) held these taxa as full species (Pacheco 2015). This species is now recognized as a new species, split from T. cinereiventer. More research is needed to determine whether this species is truly monotypic (Pacheco 2015).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys emeritus		96799858	Based on karyotype analysis of Aguilera et al. (2000) and substantial morphological differences support the hypothesis that T. emeritus is a valid species distinct from T. laniger (Pacheco 2015).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys fumeus		96800350	Voss (2003) recognized that T. rhoadsi fumeus was substantially smaller than typical rhoadsi. Based on this argument and other morphological traits Pacheco (2003) recognized fumeus as a valid species; which was followed by Tirira (2007) and Lee et al. (2008). However, no revision or deeper studies have been done (Pacheco 2015). Lee et al. (2015) did include this taxa in a new phylogenetic tree to confirm the identification of T. fumeus from Volcán Sumaco.
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys nicefori		96801038	Voss (2003) suggested that T. nicefori might be included in T. popayanus; however, Pacheco (2003) considered both as valid species. Pacheco suggested that the population on the western Cordillera, from Urrao, Páramo Frontino, Antioquia, might correspond to a different species (Pacheco 2015).
RODENTIA	CRICETIDAE	*Thomasomys princeps		96801288	T. princeps was once a subspecies of Thomasomys aureus. However this species is now monotypic (Patton 2015.).
RODENTIA	DASYPROCTIDAE	*Dasyprocta croconota		89497187	Dasyprocta croconota Wagler, 1831 “Brasilia ad flumen Amazonum” emended by Iack-Ximenes (1999) to Santarém, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil. Thomas 1923 previously recognized this species as a subspecies of D. aguti [D. leporina herein] This species is monotypic.
RODENTIA	DASYPROCTIDAE	*Dasyprocta iacki		89531729
RODENTIA	ECHIMYIDAE	*Toromys rhipidurus	(Makalata rhipidura)	90386329
RODENTIA	HETEROMYIDAE	*Chaetodipus ammophilus	(Chaetodipus dalquesti)	96812094	Álvarez-Castañeda and Rios (2011) reassigned two subspecies from C. arenarius (ammophilusand sublucidus) to C. dalquesti. Rios and Álvarez-Castañeda (2013) recognized C. ammophilus as having taxonomic priority over C. dalquesti, and regarded C. dalquesti as a sub taxa. Based on detailed sequencing of nD and mtD genes, C. ammophilus is a close relative of C. arenarius and C. siccus, and all three are part of the Baja California Peninsula lineage of the “modern” clade of Chaetodipus pocket mice, along with C. fallax, C. californicus, and C. spinatus. Chaetodipus ammophilus is generally parapatric with the closely related C. arenarius, in which it was previously included, but the two species have been found in sympatry at three localities within 75 km of Ciudad Insurgentes on the Magdalena Plains and near La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Three subspecies are recognized: C. a. ammophilus Osgood, 1907 – NW Mexico (restricted to Isla Santa Margarita, SW Baja California Sur). C. a. dalquesti Roth, 1976 – NW Mexico (S Pacific coast and Cape Region of Baja California Sur). C. a. sublucidus Nelson and Goldman, 1929 – NW Mexico (coast S and E of the Bahía de la Paz, except the El Magote sand spit, S Baja California Sur).
RODENTIA	HETEROMYIDAE	*Chaetodipus siccus		92461708	Álvarez-Castañeda and Rios (2011) recognized C. siccus as specifically distinct from C. arenarius, in which it was formerly included, and C. ammophilus, based on molecular sequencing. All three species are part of the Baja California Peninsula lineage of the “modern” clade of Chaetodipus pocket mice, along with C. fallax, C. californicus, and C. spinatus. It is more closely related to the allopatric C. ammophilus, from which it is morphologically indistinguishable and has a sequence divergence of only 5·5% of two mtD genes. Based on its morphological similarity, close (and fully allopatric) distribution, and marginal mtD divergence from C. ammophilus, evidence from nD (in addition to mtD sequencing) is required to confirm its species status or to relegate it to a subspecies of C. ammophilus.
RODENTIA	HETEROMYIDAE	*Dipodomys ornatus		92464382	Fernández et al. (2012) recognized Dipodomys phillipsii as specifically distinct from D. ornatus based on molecular sequence analysis.
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Acomys selousi		47806307	A. selousi is synonymous with A. transvaalensis (Musser and Carleton 2005, Verheyen et al. 2011). Previously described as part of the A. spinosissimus complex, A. selousi is now known to be distinct (Verheyen et al. 2011). Populations of Acomys north of the Zambezi River are morphologically and genetically distinct from A. selousi.
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Hylomyscus heinrichorum		111653543	Hylomyscus heinrichorum is part of the Hylomyscus anselli group, which includes H. anselli, H. arcimontensis, and H. kerbispeterhansi (Carleton et al. 2015). This species is one of many newly described taxa within the genus Hylomyscus, which has doubled in size in the last 12 years to 16 species (Carleton et al. 2015).
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Lophuromys simensis		47992103	This species is a part of the Lepus flavopunctatus species complex (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007). Two groups of this species were discovered in mitochondrial D analysis, however they could not be distinguished by morphological and molecular data, which can be explained by possible past hybridization of mitochondrial D from another species (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004). Despite this there is an evident absence of contemporary gene flow between L. simensis and its closest relative L. menageshae (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007).
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Otomys auratus		110662638	South Africa This species was until recently included in Otomys irroratus and the two cannot be distinguished on morphological grounds; however, O. auratus is closely associated with the Grassland Biome in South Africa and the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe, whilst O. irroratus is closely associated with the Fynbos and Thicket biomes of the Western Cape and EasternCape provinces of South Africa (Monadjem et al. 2015). Otomys auratus was shown to significantly differ from O. irroratus on molecular, chromosomal and ecological grounds (Taylor et al. 2009; Engelbrecht et al. 2011).
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Otomys karoensis	(Otomys saundersiae)	111949037	Otomys karoensis previously was included as a synonym or subspecies of O. saundersiae (Meester et al. 1986) but chromosomal and molecular evidence show that O. saundersiae from the Eastern Cape is a synonym of O. irroratus and that O. karoensis is the correct name for the species (Taylor et al. 2009).
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Pseudomys auritus		75927882	No subspecies are recognized.
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Rhabdomys bechuanae		112166182	South AfricaInitially the single, monotypic species R. pumilio was recognised (Sparrman 1784). Several subspecies have been proposed based on extensive variation in pelage colour and morphology across the distribution. Within southern Africa, Roberts (1951) proposed 20 subspecies of which Meester et al. (1986) regarded only seven as being valid. Rambau et al. (2003) recommended the recognition of two species based on cytogenetic and mitochondrial sequence data, the xeric R. pumilio and mesic R. dilectus, which was adopted by Musser and Carleton (2005). The authors further suggested the presence of two subspecies, R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae within the latter taxon. This was confirmed in a recent molecular and chromosomal analysis of R. dilectus, which revealed high genetic divergence within the species, and the presence of three distinct clades (Castiglia et al. 2012). The basal clade, recognised as R. d. chakae is endemic to South Africa, while the two distinct sister clades (R. d. dilectus) are distributed allopatrically across northern parts of its range, into East Africa, including a new divergent karyotype found in the high altitudes of Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Castiglia et al. 2012). Reproductive isolation due to pre- and post-mating barriers have been found among R. pumilio and R. dilectus, as well as among the proposed subspecies within the latter taxon (Pillay 2000, Pillay et al. 2006). Subsequently, du Toit et al. (2012) indicated three genetic lineages with distinct distributions related to biome boundaries within the xeric R. pumilio. Based on deep mitochondrial genetic divergence, paraphyly of R. pumilio with respect to R. dilectus and different ecological preferences of the three genetic lineages within R. pumilio, the recognition of four species (R. dilectus, R. pumilio, R. bechuanae, and R. intermedius) was suggested (du Toit et al. 2012). However, Monadjem et al. (2015) recognise R. chakae as a valid species due to at least one case of known sympatry between R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae. Further molecular research (particularly including more nuclear data) and cranial morphometric analyses would be useful to fully resolve the taxonomy of the genus. Until such time, it is recommended that Rhabdomys be treated as a species complex.
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Rhabdomys intermedius		112168732	Initially the single, monotypic species Rhabdomys pumilio was recognised (Sparrman, 1784). Several subspecies have been proposed based on extensive variation in pelage colour and morphology across the distribution. Within southern Africa, Roberts (1951) proposed 20 subspecies of which Meester et al. (1986) regarded only seven as being valid. Rambau et al. (2003) recommended the recognition of two species based on cytogenetic and mitochondrial sequence data, the xeric R. pumilio and mesic R. dilectus, which was adopted by Musser and Carleton (2005). The authors further suggested the presence of two subspecies, R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae within the latter taxon. This was confirmed in a recent molecular and chromosomal analysis of R. dilectus, which revealed high genetic divergence within the species, and the presence of three distinct clades (Castiglia et al. 2012). The basal clade, recognised as R. d. chakae is endemic to South Africa, while the two distinct sister clades (R. d. dilectus) are distributed allopatrically across northern parts of its range, into East Africa, including a new divergent karyotype found in the high altitudes of Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Castiglia et al. 2012). Reproductive isolation due to pre- and post-mating barriers have been found among R. pumilio and R. dilectus, as well as among the proposed subspecies within the latter taxon (Pillay 2000; Pillay et al. 2006). Subsequently, du Toit et al. (2012) indicated three genetic lineages with distinct distributions related to biome boundaries within the xeric R. pumilio. Based on deep mitochondrial genetic divergence, paraphyly of R. pumilio with respect to R. dilectus and different ecological preferences of the three genetic lineages within R. pumilio, the recognition of four species (R. dilectus, R. pumilio, R. bechuanae, and R. intermedius) was suggested (du Toit et al. 2012). However, Monadjem et al. (2015) recognise R. chakae as a valid species due to at least one case of known sympatry between R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae. Further molecular research (particularly including more nuclear data) and cranial morphometric analyses would be useful to fully resolve the taxonomy of the genus. Until such time, it is recommended that Rhabdomys be treated as a species complex.
RODENTIA	MURIDAE	*Soricomys montanus		47808962	This species forms part of the genus of Soricomys, including Soricomys kalinga, Soricomys leonardocoi and Soricomys musseri (Balete et al. 2012). It was previously included within S. kalinga however analysis reveals this species to be distinct, with an estimated divergence of around one million years ago (Heaney et al. 2016).
RODENTIA	SCIURIDAE	*Prosciurillus alstoni		112300360	Prosciurillus alstoni is a member of a species group that includes P. leucomus, P. weberi, P. topapuensis, and P. rosenbergii, all endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands (Musser et al. 2016). On mainland Sulawesi, P. leucomus, P. alstoni, P. weberi, and P. topapuensis have allopatric ranges relative to each other.
RODENTIA	SCIURIDAE	*Prosciurillus topapuensis		112298450	Prosciurillus topapuensis is a member of a species group that includes P. leucomus, P. alstoni, P. weberi, and P. rosenbergii, all endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands (Musser et al. 2010).