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International Energy Agency
Agence internationale de l'énergie
Abbreviation
  • IEA
  • AIE
Established
  • November 1974 (1974-11)
TypeAutonomous intergovernmental organisation
Headquarters9, rue de la Fédération, Paris, France
Membership
31 member countries
Official languages
English
Fatih Birol
Deputy Executive Director
Mary Burce Warlick
Websitewww.iea.org

History

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Add a few lines about the history of the IEA. Which was founded in France. It is located a block from the Eiffel Tower.[1]

Leadership

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Executive Directors of the International Energy Agency
No. Name Country of origin Took office Left office Previous position Ref.
1 Dr. Ulf Lantzke  Germany 1975 31 March 1984 Special Advisor on Energy Issues to the Secretary General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [2][3][4]
J. Wallace Hopkins (acting)  United States 31 March 1984 1 July 1984 Deputy Executive Director of the International Energy Agency [5]
2 Helga Steeg  Germany 1 July 1984 30 September 1994 Director-General for Trade, Federal Ministry of Finance of the Federal Republic of Germany [2][5][6][7]
John P. Ferriter (acting)  USA 1 November 1994 30 November 1994 Deputy Executive Director of the International Energy Agency [7]
3 Robert Priddle  United Kingdom 1 December 1994 31 December 2002 Head of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, UK Department of Energy and Trade and Industry [2][8]
William C. Ramsay (acting)  USA 1 January 2003 31 January 2003 Deputy Executive Director of the International Energy Agency [9]
4 Claude Mandil  France 1 February 2003 31 August 2007 Chairman and CEO of the Institut français du pétrole, 2000-2003[8] [2][8][10]
5 Nobuo Tanaka  Japan 1 September 2007 31 August 2011 Director for Science, Technology and Industry at the OECD, 1992-2007[2] [2][11][12]
6 Maria van der Hoeven  Netherlands 1 September 2011 31 August 2015 Minister of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands, 2007-2010 [2][12]
7 Dr. Fatih Birol  Turkey 1 September 2015 Incumbent Chief Economist, International Energy Agency [2][13]

Structure

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Governing Board, Ministerials, Standing Groups, Committees. Elaborate....

Membership

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Explain the privileges and commitments of membership in the IEA.

Member states

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Country Membership Notes
 Australia 1979[2]
 Austria 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Belgium 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Canada 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Czech Republic 2001[2]
 Denmark 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Estonia 2014
 Finland 1992[2]
 France 1992[2]
 Germany 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Greece 1976[2]
 Hungary 1997[2]
 Ireland 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Italy 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Japan 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Lithuania 2022
 Luxembourg 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Mexico 2018
 Netherlands 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 New Zealand 1977[2]
 Norway 18 November 1974[14] Founding member (under a special Agreement)[2]
 Portugal 1981[2]
 Poland 2 October 2007[15]
 Slovakia 7 March 2007[16]
 South Korea 20 April 2001[17]
 Spain 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Sweden 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
  Switzerland 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 Turkey 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 United Kingdom 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]
 United States 18 November 1974[14] Founding member[2]

Association states

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Explain what association is, why it is a useful tool. What privileges association countries have vis-à-vis full members

Accession states

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Explanation of the accession process to the IEA

Areas of work

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Net Zero scenarios

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Our work tracking all different scenarios

Country reports

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Energy Policy Reviews, Country reports, etc.

Energy reports

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We produce analysis across all energy types -- fossil fuels, nuclear, biofuels and waste, and renewables. Also minerals. Name specific reports. Name World Energy Outlook.

This is our caption.


Technology Collaboration Programmes

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Criticism

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The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of renewable energy sources in future energy systems such as photovoltaics and their cost reductions.[18][19][20]

Ahead of the launch of the 2009 World Energy Outlook, the British daily newspaper The Guardian, referring to an unidentified senior IEA official, alleged that the agency was deliberately downplaying the risk of peak oil under pressures from the USA. According to a second unidentified former senior IEA official it was "imperative not to anger the Americans" and that the world has already entered the "peak oil zone".[21]

The Guardian also referred to a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. According to their peer-reviewed report, oil production in 2030 would not exceed 75 million barrels per day (11.9×10^6 m3/d) while the IEA forecasts a production of 105 million barrels per day (16.7×10^6 m3/d). The lead author of the report, Dr. Kjell Aleklett, has claimed that IEA's reports are "political documents".[22] Other research from the same group has thoroughly reviewed oil projections done by the IEA World Energy Outlook.[23]

The anticorruption NGO Global Witness wrote in its report Heads in the Sand that "Global Witness' analysis demonstrates that the Agency continues to retain an overly-optimistic, and therefore misleading, view about potential future oil production." According to Global Witness, "the Agency's over-confidence, despite credible data, external analysis and underlying fundamentals all strongly suggesting a more precautionary approach, has had a disastrous global impact."[24]

In the past, the IEA has been criticized by environmental groups for underplaying the role of renewable energy technologies in favor of nuclear[25] and fossil fuels.[26] In 2009, Guy Pearse stated that the IEA has consistently underestimated the potential for renewable energy alternatives.[27]

The Energy Watch Group (EWG), a coalition of scientists and politicians which analyses official energy industry predictions, claims that the IEA has had an institutional bias towards traditional energy sources and has been using "misleading data" to undermine the case for renewable energy, such as wind and solar. A 2008 EWG report compares IEA projections about the growth of wind power capacity and finds that it has consistently underestimated the amount of energy the wind power industry can deliver.[28]

For example, in 1998, the IEA predicted global wind electricity generation would total 47.4 GW by 2020, but EWG's report states that this level was reached by the end of 2004.[29] The report also said that the IEA has not learned the lesson of previous underestimates, and last year net additions of wind power globally were four times greater than the average IEA estimate from its 1995–2004 predictions.[28] This pattern seems to have continued through 2016.[30]

Amid discontent from across the renewables sector at the IEA's performance as a global energy watchdog, the International Renewable Energy Agency was formed on January 26, 2009. The aim is to have the agency fully operational by 2010 with an initial annual budget of €25M.[31]

Environmental groups have become critical[32][33] of the IEA's 450 Scenario (created to align with the 2009 Copenhagen Accord), contending it does not align with up-to-date climate science, nor is it consistent with the Paris climate agreement that aspires to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In March 2017, the IEA (along with IRENA) published a report[34] that considers a safer climate scenario than their current 450S. This scenario offers improved chances of limiting global warming to less than two degrees, but – according to research organization Oil Change International – still falls short of adequately addressing climate science and the decarbonization required to reach agreed upon global climate limits.[35] The IEA has stopped updating this safer climate scenario.

Concerns regarding the IEA's Sustainable Development Scenario (the successor to the 450 scenario) has also been raised by climate scientists and key financial institutions, who have called for 1.5 °C scenario placed centrally in the World Energy Outlook.[36] As of December 2019, two-thirds of IEA member states have committed to net-zero emissions by 2050;[37] however, the IEA's Sustainable Development Scenario only gets to net-zero by 2070, two decades too late.

In 2018 the IEA was criticized in Davos by Saudi Arabia's Oil Minister Al-Falih, for hyping the US shale oil industry amid forecasts of oversupply for the oil market in their January Oil Market Report. Al-Falih was exasperated with those claims, arguing that natural depletion, and strong demand growth meant that there was plenty of room for new supplies, while the shale drillers would not crash the market. He further said that the IEA is overstating the role of shale in a global market, and how the core job of the IEA, is not to take things out of context.[38]

The IEA's current forecasts for solar power do not accord with the exponential growth in the sector. The misleading projections have perpetuated the impression that the growth of solar power requires huge subsidies, and has the potential to discourage investment in solar energy market and consequently, hold back even faster growth.[39][40]

In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at Our World in Data for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".[41][42][43][44] The authors of the Our World in Data open letter suggested that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".[43]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ International Energy Agency (July 2022). "Solar PV Global Supply Chains". IEA. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag International Energy Agency (10 May 2022). "History". Paris: IEA. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  3. ^ Scott, Richard (1994). The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974-1994 (PDF). Vol. 1. Paris: International Energy Agency. p. 263.
  4. ^ "Entry: Lantzke, Ulf" (in German). Ravensburg, Germany: Munzinger Online/Personen - Internationales Biographisches Archiv. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  5. ^ a b Scott, vol. 1, p. 260
  6. ^ Long, Russell B.; Ribicoff, Abe; et al. (U.S. Senate committee on Finance, Subcommittee on International Trade) (1975). Consensus or Confrontation: International Economic Policy at the Crossroads. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2.
  7. ^ a b Scott, vol. 4, p. 66
  8. ^ a b c International Energy Agency (17 January 2003). "Claude Mandil Elected Executive Director of the IEA". Paris: IEA. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  9. ^ Scott, vol. 4, pp. 67-68
  10. ^ "M. Nobuo TANAKA succèdera à M. Claude MANDIL à la tête de l'AIE" [Mr. Nobuo Tanaka will succeed Mr. Claude Mandil as head of the IEA]. Actu-Environnement (in French). 14 December 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  11. ^ "Nobuo Tanaka nominated to succeed Claude Mandil as IEA Executive Director in September 2007" (PDF) (Press release). IEA. 2006-12-14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-12. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
  12. ^ a b "Former Dutch Minister Maria van der Hoeven Named Next Executive Director of the IEA to Start in September 2011" (Press release). International Energy Agency. 2011-03-11. Archived from the original on 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2011-03-13.
  13. ^ Bezat, Jean-Michel (13 February 2015). "Fatih Birol nommé à la tête de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie" [Fatih Birol nominated to head the International Energy Agency]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Scott, Richard (1994). The History of the IEA, 1974-1994: The First 20 Years. Paris: International Energy Agency. p. 67.
  15. ^ "AGENCE EUROPE - Poland becomes 19th EU Member State to join IEA..." agenceurope.eu. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  16. ^ "Slovakia joins IEA as 27th member". UPI. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  17. ^ International Energy Agency (20 April 2001). "Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member". Paris: IEA. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  18. ^ Felix Creutzig et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140
  19. ^ Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: Complexity. 2017, doi:10.1155/2017/1967645
  20. ^ Konrad Mertens: Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis. 4. edition, Hanser, (Munich) p. 340.
  21. ^ Terry Macalister (2009-11-09). "Key oil figures were distorted by US pressure, says whistleblower". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
  22. ^ Terry Macalister (2009-11-12). "Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
  23. ^ Wachtmeister, Henrik; Henke, Petter; Höök, Mikael (2018). "Oil projections in retrospect: Revisions, accuracy and current uncertainty". Applied Energy. 220: 138–153. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.013.
  24. ^ "Heads in the Sand: Governments Ignore the Oil Supply Crunch and Threaten the Climate" (PDF). Global Witness: 45–47. October 2009. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
  25. ^ "Nuclear Institute Login – Register".
  26. ^ Henning Gloystein (2011-11-23). "Renewable energy becoming cost competitive, IEA says". Reuters.
  27. ^ Guy Pearse (2009). "Quarry Vision", Quarterly Essay, Issue 33, p. 93.
  28. ^ a b "IEA accused of "deliberately" undermining global renewables industry". 12 January 2009.
  29. ^ "Wind Power in Context – A clean Revolution in the Energy Sector p. 10" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2009.
  30. ^ Drum, Kevin (22 May 2017). "In 2002, the IEA Predicted Solar Was Going Nowhere. And in 2003. And 2004. And 2005…". Mother Jones. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  31. ^ "International Renewable Energy Agency launches today". 26 January 2009.
  32. ^ "Beyond 450: Why the IEA's "Climate Scenario" Falls Short". 2016-04-06.
  33. ^ http://priceofoil.org/content/uploads/2016/11/IEA-open-letter-modelling-for-climate-success-August-12-2016.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  34. ^ http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/Perspectives_for_the_Energy_Transition_2017.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  35. ^ "OFF TRACK: The IEA and Climate Change". Oil Change International. 2018-04-05. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  36. ^ Foundation, Thomson Reuters. "Investors step up pressure on global energy watchdog over climate change". news.trust.org. Retrieved 2019-12-18. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  37. ^ "COP25 - Sitio Oficial". cop25.cl. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  38. ^ Cunningham, Nick. "Saudi Oil Minister Tired Of Shale Hype". Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  39. ^ "Underestimating the Contribution of Solar PV Risks Damaging Policy Making". The Energy Collective. 2017-09-27. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  40. ^ "How the IEA exaggerates the costs and underestimates the growth of solar power". EnergyPost. 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  41. ^ Ambrose, Jillian (10 December 2021). "Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
  42. ^ Ritchie, Hannah (5 October 2021). "Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data" (PDF). Nature. 598 (7879): 9. Bibcode:2021Natur.598....9R. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34611360. S2CID 238411009. Retrieved 2021-11-10. Open access icon
  43. ^ a b Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (7 October 2021). "The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it". Our World in Data. Oxford, United Kingdom. Retrieved 2021-10-08. Open access icon
  44. ^ Schäfer, Malte; et al. (8 December 2021). "Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses". Open Energy Modelling Initiative. Retrieved 2022-01-19. Schäfer is the coordinating author. Open access icon
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