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List of famous people who are assumed to have had Asperger syndrome

[edit]
Person Speculator
Hans Christian Andersen – author Michael Fitzgerald[1]
Béla Bartók – 20th century Hungarian composer Ioan James;[2] Oliver Sacks says the evidence seems "very thin at best".[3]
Hugh Blair of Borgue – 18th century Scottish landowner thought mentally incompetent, now studied as case history of autism. Rab Houston and Uta Frith[4] Wolff calls the evidence "convincing".[5]
Lewis Carroll – writer, logician Michael Fitzgerald[1][6][7]
Henry Cavendish – 18th century British scientist. He was unusually reclusive, literal minded, had trouble relating to people, had trouble adapting to people, difficulties looking straight at people, drawn to patterns, etc. Oliver Sacks,[8][3] and Ioan James;[9][2] Fred Volkmar of Yale Study Child Center is skeptical.[8]
Charles XII of Sweden – speculated to have had Asperger syndrome Swedish researchers, Gillberg[10] and Lagerkvist[11]
Jeffrey Dahmer – serial killer Silva, et al.[12][13]
Anne Claudine d'Arpajon, comtesse de Noailles – French governess, lady of honor, tutor Society for French Historical Studies, New York Times[6]
Charles Darwin – naturalist, associated with the theory of evolution by natural selection Michael Fitzgerald[7]
Emily Dickinson – poet Vernon Smith[6]
Éamon de Valera – Irish revolutionary and politician Michael Fitzgerald[1][14]
Paul Dirac – British mathematician and physicist. He was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, 1933–1963 and a Fellow of St John's College. Awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the mathematical foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Ioan James[9] and Graham Farmelo[15]
Albert Einstein – physicist See analysis below
Janet Frame – New Zealand author Sarah Abrahamson;[16] this suggestion has been the subject of some controversy.[17][failed verification][18]
Glenn Gould – Canadian pianist and noted Bach interpreter. He liked routine to the point he used the same seat until it was worn through. He also disliked social functions to the point that in later life he relied on the telephone or letters for virtually all communication. He had an aversion to being touched, had a different sense of hot or cold than most, and would rock back and forth while playing music. He is speculated to have had Asperger syndrome. Michael Fitzgerald,[1] Ioan James,[2] Tony Attwood,[19] and NPR[20]
Adolf Hitler – Austrian born, Nazi German politician, chancellor and dictator Michael Fitzgerald[6] and Andreas Fries[21]
Thomas Jefferson – US President Norm Ledgin[22] Tony Attwood,[19] and Ioan James[2]
Keith Joseph – father of Thatcherism Michael Fitzgerald[1][14]
James Joyce – author of Ulysses Michael Fitzgerald and Antionette Walker;[23] this theory has been called "a somewhat odd hypothesis".[24]
Ted Kaczynski – Unabomber Silva, et al.[12][25]
Stanley Kubrick - filmmaker Michael Fitzgerald[26]
Rainer W. Kühne [4] - physicist Norbert Mayer-Amberg (diagnosis in 2010)
William McGonagall - poet, notoriously bad yet he never understood that others mocked him Norman Watson[27]
Michelangelo – Italian Renaissance artist, based on his inability to form long-term attachments and certain other characteristics Arshad and Fitzgerald;[1][28][29] Ioan James also discussed Michelangelo's autistic traits.[2]
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – composer Tony Attwood[19] and Michael Fitzgerald;[1] others disagree that there is sufficient evidence to indicate any diagnoses for Mozart.[30]
Isaac Newton See analysis below
Moe Norman – Canadian golfer USA Today[31]
George Orwell – writer speculated to have had Asperger Syndrome. His troubled life went along with social interaction problems. Towards the end of his life he wrote a bitter polemic on his preparatory boarding school "Such, Such Were the Joys" which displays many of the characteristics of Asperger's and interpersonal relationships. Orwell knew this intensely personal account was libellous and biographers have found it a challenge to explain its conflict with the truth, but Orwell still felt it important to publish this account eventually. Michael Fitzgerald[1][14]
Enoch Powell – British politician Michael Fitzgerald[1][14]
Srinivasa Ramanujan – mathematician Ioan James[2] and Michael Fitzgerald[32]
Charles Richter – seismologist, creator of the eponymous scale of earthquake magnitude Susan Hough in her biography of Richter[33]
Erik Satie – composer Ioan James[2] and Michael Fitzgerald[1]
Jonathan Swift – author Ioan James[2] and Michael Fitzgerald[1]
Nikola Tesla - inventor, and electrical and mechanical engineer. Was able to mentally picture very detailed mechanisms; spoke 8 languages; was never married; was very sensitive to touch and had an acute sense of hearing and sight; was obsessed with the number three; was disgusted by jewelery and overweight people and also had several eating compulsions NPR,[34] Harvey Blume[35]
Alan Turing – pioneer of computer sciences. He seemed to be a math savant and his lifestyle has many autism traits about it. Tony Attwood[19] and Ioan James[2]
Michael Ventris – English architect who deciphered Linear B Simon Baron-Cohen[36]
Andy Warhol – American artist Michael Fitzgerald[1][37] and Ioan James[2]
Blind Tom Wiggins – autistic savant Oliver Sacks[38]
Ludwig Wittgenstein – Austrian philosopher Michael Fitzgerald[39] Tony Attwood,[19] and Ioan James;[2] But Oliver Sacks seems to disagree.[3]
W. B. Yeats – poet and dramatist Michael Fitzgerald[1][14]


Heretics

[edit]

Heretics in science are people who could have Asperger syndrome.

Astronomer Carl Sagan suggested in the book "Scientists confront Velikovsky" to distinguish two kinds of "heretics" which he termed "exoheretics" and "endoheretics" [40].

Exoheretics

[edit]

According to Carl Sagan, exoheretics satisfy the following criteria:

  • they are usually non-scientists
  • they publish their heretic (pseudo-)scientific theories not in peer-reviewed scientific journals, but elsewhere such as books, preprints, esoteric magazines
  • their arguments can usually be understood by lay people
  • their theories can either easily be disproved by scientists who are experts in their fields or their statements cannot in principle be disproved (statements such as "the planet Venus is hot", "the cat is a holy animal"), because the statements are either vague or not scientific

Famous examples of exoheretics are Immanuel Velikovsky, Erich von Däniken, Charles Berlitz, Johannes Lang, Hanns Hörbiger.

Endoheretics

[edit]

According to Carl Sagan, endoheretics satisfy the following criteria:

  • they are usually scientists of a related discipline (such as meteorologists who present a theory on elementary particle physics, mathematicians who present a biochemical theory)
  • they publish their heretic scientific theories in peer-reviewed scientific journals
  • their arguments are based on serious scientific research and require much know-how, so they can usually NOT be understood by lay people,
  • their theories can usually not be easily disproved by scientists who are experts in their fields

Famous examples of endoheretics are ship's doctor Robert Mayer [41], brewer James Joule [42], teacher Johann Carl Fuhlrott [43], Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel [44], meteorologist Alfred Wegener [45], architect Michael Ventris [46], physicist Rainer Kühne [5] [47].

Teenagers who Published in Scientific Research Journals

[edit]

Very few articles in scientific research journals have been authored by people under the age of twenty. It is a sign of the Asperger syndrome (little Professor syndrome, genius syndrome) that the highly skilled people who had this disorder started their academic career when they were teenagers.

The following list includes only people who were younger than twenty years and three months when a scientific research journal received their first article (date of submission) and subsequently published it (date of publication).

The reason for this criterion is that in the physical sciences only publications in scientific research journals are counted as scientific works. The maximum age of twenty years and three months is chosen, because after completion of a scientific research it requires typically three months to write a scientific article and to send it to a journal.

Name Date of Birth Joint publications before age 20 Solo publications before age 20 Known for
Chandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 19 October 1910 February 1930[48]
(age 19 years, 105 days)
April 1930[49]
(age 19 years, 164 days)		 Nobel Prize in Physics (1983) for his work on collapsing white dwarf stars[50]
Fermi, EnricoEnrico Fermi 29 September 1901 January 1921[51]
(age 19 years, 124 days)
March 1921[52]
(age 19 years, 183 days)		 Nobel Prize in Physics (1938)
Goodricke, ,JohnJohn Goodricke 17 September 1764 15 May 1783[53]
(age 18 years, 240 days)		 Discovery of variable stars
Goudsmit, SamuelSamuel Abraham Goudsmit 11 July 1902 31 October 1921[54]
(age 19 years, 112 days)		 Work on electron spin[55]
Heisenberg, WernerWerner Heisenberg 5 December 1901 17 December 1921[56]
(age 20 years, 12 days)		 Nobel Prize in Physics (1932) for his work on quantum mechanics[57]
Josephson, Brian D.Brian D. Josephson 4 January 1940 11 March 1960 (submitted)
(age 20 years, 67 days)
1 April 1960 (published)[58]		 Nobel Prize in Physics (1973) for his work on Josephson junctions[59]
Kuehne, Rainer W.Rainer W. Kühne 23 May 1970 1 June 1990[60]
(age 20 years, 9 days)		 Work on Atlantis[61]
Landau, Lev D.Lev D. Landau 22 January 1908 8 October 1926[62]
(age 18 years, 259 days)		 13 November 1926[63]
(age 18 years, 295 days)		 Nobel Prize in Physics (1962) for his work on superfluidity[64]
Minkowski, HermannHermann Minkowski 22 June 1864 1883 [65]
(age 19 years, 192 days)		 Geometry of numbers; Minkowski space
Neumann, John vonJohn von Neumann 28 December 1903 1922[66]
(age 19 years, 3 days)		 1923[67]
(age 20 years, 3 days)		 Work on quantum mechanics and group theory (mathematical physics)
Pauli, WolfgangWolfgang Pauli 25 April 1900 15 January 1919[68]
(age 18 years, 265 days)		 Nobel Prize in Physics (1945) for his work on quantum theory[69]
Schwinger, Julian S.Julian S. Schwinger 12 February 1918 1 July 1935[70]
(age 17 years, 139 days)		 April 1937[71][72]
(age 19 years, 48 days)		 Nobel Prize in Physics (1965) for his work on quantum electrodynamics
Ventris, MichaelMichael Ventris 12 July 1922 October 1940.[73]
(age 18 years, 81 days)		 Decipherment of the Mycenaean Linear B script[74]
Weisskopf, Victor F.Victor F. Weisskopf 19 September 1908 March 1924[75]
(age 15 years, 164 days)		 Director of CERN (1961 - 1965)
von Weizsäcker, Carl FriedrichCarl Friedrich von Weizsäcker 28 June 1912 9 April 1931[76]
(age 18 years, 285 days)		 Work on the nuclear transformations in stars[77][78]
Wiener, NorbertNorbert Wiener 26 November 1894 1913[79]
(age 19 years, 35 days (assuming publication on last day of 1913))		 Originator of cybernetics

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cite error: The named reference FitzGenesis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k James, Ioan (2006). Asperger's Syndrome and High Achievement: Some Very Remarkable People. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 1843103885.
  3. ^ a b c Sacks O (2001). "Henry Cavendish: an early case of Asperger's syndrome?". Neurology. 57 (7): 1347. doi:10.1212/wnl.57.7.1347. PMID 11591871. Archived from the original on 2007-09-01. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
  4. ^ Houston, Rab (2000). Autism in history: the case of Hugh Blair of Borgue. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0631220895. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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  7. ^ a b "Brilliant minds linked to autism". BBC News. 8 January 2004. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
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