User:Elusty/sandbox
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How to add to your talk page
[edit]@Adambirosh: If you click on "edit source" while in the sandbox and see all the Wikicode markup, you can copy and paste that right into the talk page. Add it to the bottom of the talk page, and by including the ==, it will make it a new heading. ThanksJenOttawa (talk) 17:29, 7 November 2017 (UTC)
Your suggested content changes
[edit]OK @Hiccupedia, Elusty, Adambirosh, Ksalm, and Ariellebrickman:, go ahead and add this to the bottom of the talk page.JenOttawa (talk) 15:57, 7 November 2017 (UTC)
Hello Wikipedia community! We are a group of medical students from Queen’s University who are working on a class assignment that requires us to edit a medical wikipedia article. Our proposed edits are below. Please let us know if you have any questions, comments, or concerns regarding what we are suggesting.
1) Proposed changes to the Wikipedia article: The primary reference for the treatment section could be updated with a more reliable source that is not a narrative review but a meta-analysis. The citation: [1]
2) Proposed Addition to the “history” section of the pica article, to supplement the current information. “The condition currently known as Pica was first described by Hippocrates.[2] Prior to the elimination of the category of “feeding disorders in infancy and early childhood”, which is where pica was classified, from the DSM-V, pica was primarily diagnosed in children.[2] However, since the removal of the category, psychiatrists have started to diagnose pica in people of all ages.[2]
3) Proposed change to the Wikipedia article: Update the definition of Pica to reference the DSM 5 and improve the paraphrasing with the following definition. "The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, posts four criteria that must be met for a person to be diagnosed with Pica: 1. They must have been eating non-nutritive non-foods for at least one month.[3] 2. This eating must be considered abnormal for the person's stage of development.[3] 3. Eating these substances cannot be associated with a cultural practice that is considered normal in the social context of the individual.[3] 4. For people who currently have a medical condition (e.g.: pregnancy) or a mental disorder (e.g.: autism spectrum disorder) the action of eating non-nutritive non-foods should only be considered pica if it is dangerous and requires extra medical investigation or treatment on top of what they are already receiving for their pre-existing condition.[3]"
4) Update the information on the prevalence of pica in pregnant women in Pica (disorder)#Epidemiology by removing all references to primary sources (currently references 23, 24, 25 and 26) as well as the unsourced concluding sentence on malnutrition. Replace this content with the following, sourced from a meta-analysis: “Based on compiled self-report and interview data of pregnant and postpartum women, Pica is most prevalent geographically in Africa, with an estimated prevalence of 44.8%, followed by North and South America (23.0%) and Eurasia (17.5%).[4] Factors associated with Pica in this population were determined to be anemia and low levels of education, both of which are associated with low socioeconomic backgrounds.[4]”
5) Elaborate on Pica’s association with mineral deficiencies based on the results of a 2015 meta-analysis in the Pica (disorder)#Causes section after the sentence currently in the article that ends with "mineral in which that individual is deficient." (no content needs to be removed from this section)
Proposed addition: "People practicing forms of pica, such as geophagy, pagophagy and amylophagy, are more likely anemic, have low hemoglobin concentration in their blood, lower levels of red blood cells (hematocrit), or have lower plasma zinc levels.[5] Specifically, practicing geophagy is more likely to associated with anemia or low hemoglobin.[5] Practicing pagophagy and amylophagy were more highly associated with anemia.[5] Additionally, being a child or pregnant woman practicing pica was associated with higher chance of being anemic or having low hemoglobin relative to the general population.[5]"
6) Proposed change to the Wikipedia article: The Wikipedia article currently states that mineral deficiency may be a potential cause of pica; however, according to the DSM V (the most current DSM), it is stated that mineral deficiencies are sometimes associated with pica but most of the time there is no biological abnormality found. I will remove the following from the Wikipedia article: "The scant research that has been done on the causes of pica suggests that the disorder is a specific appetite caused by mineral deficiency in many cases, such as iron deficiency, which sometimes is a result of celiac disease or hookworm infection. Often the substance eaten by someone with pica contains the mineral in which that individual is deficient." I will replace that quote with: "According to the DSM V, mineral deficiencies are occasionally associated with pica; however, biological abnormalities are rarely found in individuals with pica"[3].
7) There are currently no statistics on the effectiveness of various behavioral therapies for treating pica. Suggestion addition: "Behavioral treatments for pica have been shown to reduce pica severity by 80% in people with intellectual disabilities."[6]
Ksalm (talk) 22:01, 6 November 2017 (UTC)
- ^ McAdam, David B.; Sherman, James A.; Sheldon, Jan B.; Napolitano, Deborah A. (January 2004). "Behavioral interventions to reduce the pica of persons with developmental disabilities". Behavior Modification. 28 (1): 45–72. doi:10.1177/0145445503259219. ISSN 0145-4455. PMID 14710707.
- ^ a b c Michalska, Aneta; Szejko, Natalia; Jakubczyk, Andrzej; Wojnar, Marcin (2016). "Nonspecific eating disorders - a subjective review". Psychiatria Polska. 50 (3): 497–507. doi:10.12740/PP/59217. ISSN 2391-5854. PMID 27556109.
- ^ a b c d e "Feeding and Eating Disorders". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM Library. American Psychiatric Association. 2013-05-22. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10. ISBN 0890425558.
- ^ a b Fawcett, Emily J.; Fawcett, Jonathan M.; Mazmanian, Dwight (June 2016). "A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of pica during pregnancy and the postpartum period". International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 133 (3): 277–283. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.10.012. ISSN 1879-3479. PMID 26892693.
- ^ a b c d Miao, D; Young, SL; Golden, CD; Gjønnes, G; Godal, HC (2015). "A meta-analysis of pica and micronutrient status". American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council. 27 (1): 84–93. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22598. PMID 25156147.
- ^ Hagopian, L; Rooker, G; Rolider, N (2011). "Identifying empirically supported treatments for pica in individuals with intellectual disabilities". Research in Developmental Disabilities. 36 (6): 2114–2120.