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Júlia Lopes de Almeida
Sketch included in the first edition of Ância Eterna
Sketch included in the first edition of Ância Eterna
OccupationWriter, Journalist, Lecturer and Women's Rights Advocate.
Notable worksMemórias de Marta, A Família Medeiros, Livro das Noivas, A Falência, Ância Eterna, Eles e Elas, Correio da Roça

Júlia Lopes de Almeida (Sept. 24, 1862 - May 30, 1934) was one of the first Brazilian women to earn acclaim and social acceptance as a writer. In a career that spanned five decades, she wrote in a variety of literary genres; however, it is her fiction, written under the influence of the naturalists Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, that has captured the attention of recent critics. Her notable novels include Memórias de Marta (Marta's Memoirs), the first Brazilian novel to take place in an urban tenement, A Família Medeiros (The Medeiros Family), and A Falência (The Bankruptcy). Immensely influential and appreciated by peers like Aluísio Azevedo, João do Rio[1] and João Luso[2], she is remembered today as an early advocate of modernized gender roles and increased women's rights and as a precursor to later women writers like Clarice Lispector. She was married to the Parnassian poet Filinto de Almeida.

Biography

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Livro das Noivas (Book of Brides), her first collection of crônicas, published in 1896.

Fiction

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Short Stories

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The recent critical attention Almeida has received has focused on her novels. However, she was equally respected for her short stories, which, like those of Guy de Maupassant and Kate Chopin, prioritize clear language and often end with an ironic twist.

Her two most important volumes of short fiction are Traços e Illuminuras (1887) and Ância Eterna (1903). The latter was praised by critic Herman Lima, who wrote that Almeida "is a superb figure of a story-writer. In reading her, not so much as once do we find anything that proclaims the woman: she seems, rather, an impassive, a very impassive, observer that catches, with the sharpness of the photographic plate, the sole, the true, representation of things, to transmit it to us afterward" [3]. Lima names Almeida and her contemporary Medeiros e Albuquerque Brazil's two masters of the short story.

Notably, Ância Eterna includes the only two works known to have been translated in the author's lifetime, "Os Porcos" ("The Swine") and "As Rosas" ("The Roses"). These were published in 1928 and 1929, respectively, in French journals[4].

Bibiography

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Primary Sources[5]

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Novels

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  • ---. Memórias de Marta. Sorocaba: Durski, 1889. (Serialized in Tribuna Liberal.)
  • ---. A Família Medeiros. Rio de Janeiro: Publisher unnamed, 1892. (Serialized in Gazeta de Noticias, 10/16-12/17, 1891.)
  • ---. A Viúva Simões. Lisbon: António Maria Pereira, 1897. (Serialized in Gazeta de Noticias, 1895.)
  • ---. A Falência. Rio de Janeiro: Oficina de Obras d'A Tribuna, 1901.
  • ---. A Intrusa. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1908. (Serialized in Jornal do Commercio, 1905.)
  • ---. Cruel Amor. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1911. (Serialized in Jornal do Commercio, 1908.)
  • ---. Correio da Roça. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1913. (Serialized in O País, 9/7/1909-10/17/1910.)
  • ---. A Silveirinha. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1914. (Serialized in Jornal do Comércio, 1913.)
  • Almeida, Filinto de, and Júlia Lopes de Almeida. A Casa Verde. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1932. (Serialized in Jornal do Commercio, 12/18/1898-3/16/1899.)
  • ---. Pássaro Tonto. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1934.

Short Fiction

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  • Vieira, Adelina Lopes, and Júlia Lopes de. Contos Infantis. Lisbon: Companhia Editora, 1886.
  • ---. Traços e Illuminuras. Lisbon: Typographia Castro & Irmão, 1887.
  • ---. Ância Eterna. Rio de Janeiro: H. Garnier, 1903.
    • Revised edition: Rio de Janeiro: A Noite: 1938.
  • ---. Histórias da Nossa Terra. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1907.
  • ---. Era uma Vez.... Rio de Janeiro: Jacintho Ribeiro dos Santos, 1917.
  • ---. A Isca. Rio de Janeiro: Leite Ribeiro: 1922.

Theater

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  • ---. A Herança. Rio de Janeiro: Typographia do Jornal do Commercio, 1909. (Performed at the Teatro de Exposição Nacional, 9/4/1908.)
  • ---. Teatro. Porto: Renascença Portuguesa, 1917.
    • Includes: Quem Não Perdoa, Doidos de Amor, and Nos Jardins de Saul.

Other

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  • ---. Livro das Noivas. Rio de Janeiro: Publisher unnamed, 1896.
  • ---. Livro das Donas e Donzellas. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1906.
  • ---. Eles e Elas. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1910.
  • ---. "Cenas e Paisagens do Espíritu Santo." Revistaa do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro 75 (1911): 177-217.
  • Almeida, Júlia Lopes de, and Afonso Lopes de Almeida. A Árvore. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1916.
  • ---. Jornadas no Meu País. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1920.
  • ---. Jardim Florido, Jardinagem. Rio de Janeiro: Leite Ribeiro: 1922.
  • ---. "Brasil -- Conferência Pronunciada por la Autora en la Biblioteca del Consejo Nacional de Mujeres de la Argentina." Buenos Aires, 1922.
  • ---. "Oração a Santa Dorotéia". Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1923.
  • ---. Maternidade. Rio de Janeiro: Olivia Herdy de Cabral Peixoto, 1925. (Serialized in Jornal do Commercio, 8/19/1924-8/24/1925.)
  • ---. Oração à Bandeira. Rio de Janeiro: Olivia Herdy de Cabral Peixoto, 1925.

Secondary Sources

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  • Lima, Herman. "The Short Story." Inter-America: A Monthly that Links the Thought of the New World 5 (1921-1922): 303-311. Google Books. 5/25/2011.

References

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