User:EighteenFiftyNine

     ”The only thing any of us can do completely on our own is to have the start of a good idea”

Last ten changes made to Wikipedia (Clear the cache to obtain more accurate results):

List of abbreviations (help):

D: Edit made at Wikidata
r: Edit flagged by ORES
N: New page
m: Minor edit
b: Bot edit
(±123): Page byte size change

22 November 2024

diffhist m Category:1990 NCAA Division I-A football season 02:34 +15 Lepricavark talk contribs (→top: added CatAutoTOC) Tag: AWB
diffhist Cam Ward (American football) 02:34 +189 CaptainTeebs talk contribs (ref) Tag: Visual edit
diffhist Bhutan–India relations 02:34 +48 Interested inTaxonomy talk contribs
diffhist José María Zeledón Brenes 02:34 +59 Espresso Addict talk contribs (C/e; +ref)
diffhist m Category:1989–90 in American women's college basketball 02:34 +15 Lepricavark talk contribs (→top: added CatAutoTOC) Tag: AWB
diffhist Template:Texas Rangers roster navbox 02:34 −23 97.88.154.243 talk
diffhist Template:Kamov aircraft 02:34 0 The Bushranger talk contribs (Ka-35 = Ka-31)
diffhist m Kevin Tighe 02:34 +4 1980fast talk contribs (Formatting per MOS:BADDATE) Tag: Visual edit
diffhist Suwannee Limestone 02:34 +7,517 Geekgecko talk contribs Tag: Visual edit
diffhist I Had a Name 02:34 +35 Starcheerspeaksnewslostwars talk contribs

Tip of the moment...

Wikimedia links and shortcuts

Internal links work for linking to other wikis, and bypasses the need to paste in URLs (which tend to be both long and cryptic and make source text harder to read). This also avoids the appearance of the external link arrow ( ).

Here are the prefixes and shortcuts for creating links to Wikipedia's sister projects:

Project	Example	Shortcut	Example
`[[wikibooks:]]`	wikibooks:	`[[b:]]`	b:
`[[commons:]]`	commons:	`[[c:]]`	c:
`[[wikidata:]]`	wikidata:	`[[d:]]`	d:
`[[meta:]]`	meta:	`[[m:]]`	m:
`[[wikinews:]]`	wikinews:	`[[n:]]`	n:
`[[phabricator:]]`	phabricator:	`[[phab:]]`	phab:
`[[wikiquote:]]`	wikiquote:	`[[q:]]`	q:
`[[wikisource:]]`	wikisource:	`[[s:]]`	s:
`[[wikispecies:]]`	wikispecies:	`[[species:]]`	species:
`[[wikiversity:]]`	wikiversity:	`[[v:]]`	v:
`[[wikivoyage:]]`	wikivoyage:	`[[voy:]]`	voy:
`[[wikipedia:]]`	[[wikipedia:]]	`[[w:]]`	w:
`[[wiktionary:]]`	wiktionary:	`[[wikt:]]`	wikt:

The long form does not work within the same project. The shortcut works everywhere.

Links to foreign-language Wikiprojects can be made by prefixing the language code: [[:de:s:]] will link to the German-language Wikisource, [[:fr:wikt:]] to the French-language Wiktionary, etc. You can use piped links ( "|" ) to avoid seeing the colons in the link.

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Tomorrow's featured article

Sydney Newman (April 1, 1917 – October 30, 1997) was a Canadian film and television producer who played a pioneering role in British television and Canadian cinema. During the 1950s and 60s, he held the role of Head of Drama at ABC Weekend TV and later at the BBC. During this time, he created the spy-fi series The Avengers and co-created the science-fiction series Doctor Who. After his return to Canada in 1970, Newman was appointed acting director of the Broadcast Programs Branch for the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission and then head of the National Film Board of Canada. He also occupied senior positions at the Canadian Film Development Corporation and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, as well as acting as an advisor to the Secretary of State. His obituary in The Guardian declared that "for ten brief but glorious years, [he] ... was the most important impresario in Britain", and that his death marked the "laying to rest of a whole philosophy of popular art". (Full article...)

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Wikipedians

How to place an inline citation using ref tags

Shortcut: WP:CITEFOOT

To create a footnote, use the ^[1] syntax at the appropriate place in the article text, for example:

Justice is a human invention.^[2] It...

which will be displayed as something like:

Justice is a human invention.[1] It...

It will also be necessary to generate the list of footnotes (where the citation text is actually displayed); for this, see the next section.

As in the above example, citation markers are normally placed after adjacent punctuation such as periods and commas. For exceptions, see the Punctuation and footnotes section of the Manual of Style. Note also that no space is added before the citation marker.

The citation should be added close to the material it supports, offering text-source integrity. If a word or phrase is particularly contentious, an inline citation may be added next to that word or phrase within the sentence, but it is usually sufficient to add the citation to the end of the sentence or paragraph, so long as it's clear which source supports which part of the text. If an infobox or table contains text that needs citing, but the box or table cannot incorporate an inline citation, the citation should appear in a caption or other text that discusses the material.

How to create the list of citations

The first editor to add footnotes to an article must create a section where the text of those citations appears. This section is placed at or near the bottom of the article and is usually titled "Notes" or "References." For more about the order and titles of sections at the end of an article (which may also include "Further reading" and "External links" sections), see Wikipedia:Footers.

Shortcut: WP:ASL

With some exceptions discussed below, citations appear in a single section containing only the

^ ...
^ Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 1.

tag or the

template. For example:

Notes

The footnotes will then automatically be listed under that section heading. Each numbered footnote marker in the text is a clickable link to the corresponding footnote, and each footnote contains a caret which links back to the corresponding point in the text. Scrolling lists, or lists of citations appearing within a scroll box, should never be used. This is because of issues with readability, browser compatibility, accessibility, printing, and site mirroring.[1]

If an article contains a list of general references, this is placed in a separate section, titled (for example) "References". This usually comes immediately after the section(s) listing footnotes, if any. (If the general references section is called "References", then the citations section is usually called "Notes".)

Piped Links

Piped links

Main page: Wikipedia:Piped link

You may want to display a text for a link that is different from the linked article title. This can be achieved with what is called Piped links. Example: Henry II, which displays as Henry II. However, make sure that it is still clear what the link refers to without having to follow the link. Think about what the reader will believe the link is about. Example: When you use a link such as Archery (which displays as Archery), the reader will expect this link to go to a general article on archery, rather than Archery at the 2008 Summer Olympics. The exception is when it is clear from the context that links go to specific articles, as in template:2008 Summer Olympics calendar, where all links go to the article about these specific games.

Plurals and other derived names. When forming plurals, you can do so thus: apples which includes the final "s" in the link like this: apples. This is easier to type and clearer to read in the source text than apples. This works not just for "s", but for any words that consist of an article name and some additional letters. For details, see Help:Link. (This does not work for affixes beginning with hyphens, apostrophes, or capital letters.)

Case sensitivity. Links are not sensitive to initial capitalization, so there is no need to use piping where the only difference between the text and the target is the case of the initial letter (Wikipedia article titles almost always begin with a capital, whereas the linked words in context often do not). However, links are case-sensitive for all but the initial character.

Shortcut: WP:EGG

Intuitiveness. Keep piped links as intuitive as possible. Per the Wikipedia:Principle of least astonishment, make sure that the reader knows what to expect when clicking on a link. You should plan your page structure and links so that everything appears reasonable and makes sense. If a link takes readers to somewhere other than where they thought it would, it should at least take them somewhere that makes sense. For example, do not write this:

Richard Feynman was also known for work in particle physics.

The readers will not see the hidden reference to the parton model unless they click on or hover over the piped particle physics link; in hard copy, the reference to partons is completely lost. (Such links are sometimes called Easter eggs.) Instead, reference the article with an explicit "see also" or by rephrasing:

Richard Feynman was also known for work in particle physics (he proposed the parton model).

Piping and redirects. Per Link specificity above, do not use a piped link where it is possible to use a redirected term that fits well within the scope of the text. For example, let's assume the page A Dirge for Sabis is a redirect to the page The Sword of Knowledge, and while you're editing some other article, you want to add a link to A Dirge for Sabis. You may be tempted to avoid the redirect by directly linking to it with a pipe like this: A Dirge for Sabis. Instead, write simply A Dirge for Sabis and let the system handle the rest. This has the added advantage that if an article is written later about the more specific subject (in this case, A Dirge for Sabis), fewer links will need to be changed to accommodate for the new article.

Piped links to sections of articles

Linking to particular sections of articles can be useful, inasmuch as it can take the reader immediately to the information that is most focused on the original topic. If you decide not to use a redirect, you have to use a piped link, because the format "Article name#Section name", is not good enough for display in an article. The format for a subsection link is name of link. Please note, section name is case sensitive. For example, to link to the "Culture" subsection of the Oman article, type culture of Oman (which displays as culture of Oman). As noted above, when doing this, add a hidden comment to the target section such as so that someone changing the title of that section can fix the incoming links. (Alternatively, use in case of a large number of links to the section.)

History of Topic: #REDIRECTTopic#History history of Topic

history of Topic

Among topics useful for linking to, there are many which Wikipedia currently implements as article sections, but which are potentially notable enough to become standalone articles. For example, the article Eastern Anyshire can have a small ==History== section, but this does not preclude an article on the History of Eastern Anyshire to be eventually written. Usually, a redirect page from a sub-topic to a general topic already exists, or should be created on demand. It is bad practice to make such links as Article#Section links explicitly, because navigation becomes inconvenient after the section is replaced by a summary of a new article. Instead, link through redirects, as it costs little and makes improvements easier.

Create links faster

1. Pipe trick: Many article titles are disambiguated with parenthetic qualifiers, like this: Self (psychology). But when you want to include such a link in the body of an article, this would look rather awkward. So all you have to do is use the "pipe trick", like this: Self. Notice the "|" character stuck in there at the end of the link? That makes the link look like this: Self, without having to type the name of the link after the pipe! This trick also works with namespaces, so that Tip of the day (again notice the pipe character) displays like this: Tip of the day.

2. Plural trick: While editing, you'll often need to make a link to a plural. For example, suppose you wanted to link "Fred Foo was famous for his study of puddles" to puddle; you could link it like so: puddles. However, you can save time by instead writing puddles. This also works for adjectives (Japanese), verbs (danced), and any other suffixes or prefixes. It does not, however, work for some irregular verbs. For example, (tryied does not work; you have to do tried).

Piped link

A piped link is an internal link or interwiki link where the link target and link label are both specified. This is needed in the case that they are not equal, while also the link label is not equal to the link target with the last word extended. This allows linking a word or phrase within the text of a page rather than using "see also", even if the wording does not exactly correspond with the name of the target page. With a suitable browser and depending on the preferences set, one can still see the link target: when you point at the link, the name shows up in a hover tooltip and is also shown in the status bar.

For instance:

How to set up a coffee house will show: How to set up a coffee house

Another example would be station rendering as station. This is useful where the word "station" is used in an article on trains; from the context, it would be clear that a train station is meant. The piped link is more convenient to the user than a link to station which might be a disambiguation page.

The word piped refers to the use of the pipe character "|" used to separate the good description from the actual link. This character is named after an other use of it; see Pipe (computing).