User:Eewilson/sandbox 2
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| Inflorescence of Symphyotrichum adnatum, Punta Gorda, Florida, US | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Tribe: | Astereae |
| Subtribe: | Symphyotrichinae |
| Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
| Subgenus: | Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus |
| Section: | Symphyotrichum sect. Patentes |
| Species: | S. adnatum
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| Binomial name | |
| Symphyotrichum adnatum | |
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| Native distribution[2] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
Symphyotrichum adnatum (formerly Aster adnatus) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States and the Bahamas. Commonly known as scaleleaf aster,[3] it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 30 to 120 centimeters (1 to 4 feet) tall. Its flowers, which open October–December, have light to dark lavender ray florets and yellow disk florets.
Description
[edit]Symphyotrichum adnatum is a clump-forming perennial and herbaceous plant that blooms October–December. Usually it is between 30 and 120 centimeters (1 and 4 feet) tall. It is cespitose, growing in clumps, and with several erect to sprawling somewhat hairy stems branching from the middle. The upper leaves and parts of the flower heads are covered with tiny glands on tiny stalks (stipitate glands). Its flowers have light to dark lavender ray florets and yellow disk florets.[3]
closest relative is S. walteri
Roots and stems
[edit]Leaves
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Flowers
[edit]Involucres and phyllaries
[edit]Bell-shapped involucres 4–6.5 mm long[3]
Florets
[edit]Ray florets
color: "light to dark lavender"
count: 10–20
length: 5–8 mm
width: 0.5–1.5 mm[3]
Disk florets
color: yellow
count: 12–25[3]
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Fruit
[edit]
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The fruits of Symphyotrichum adnatum are seeds, not true achenes but are cypselae, resembling an achene but surrounded by a calyx sheath. This is true for all members of the Asteraceae family.[4] After pollination and hardening, scaleleaf aster seeds become tan to brown with an obovoid shape, are uncompressed, and are 2–2.5 mm long with 6–10 faintly visible nerves. They also have tufts of hairs (pappi) which are tan and 3.75–8 mm in length.[3]
Chromosomes
[edit]S. adnatum is tetraploid with a total chromosome count of 20. It has a monoploid number (also called "base number") of five chromosomes (x = 5).[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]History and classification
[edit]Unidentified specimens that were in the herbarium[b] of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia[c] were studied by Thomas Nuttall and published in 1834 in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. He named this species Aster adnatus and described it as follows:[5]
Scaber, microphyllus, foliis, cordato-oblongis acutis integris supra medium cauli adnatus, radicalibus oblongis, ramis elongatis subunifloris.
A species nearly related to A. squarrosus,[d] but extremely remarkable for the disposition of the leaves which are very minute, near together, and adnate by their upper surfaces, more than half their length, to the sides of the stem and branches.
Hab. In Alabama and West Florida. Common.
A specimen was designated as the probable holotype of Aster adnatus by American botanist Almut Gitter Jones in 1982, followed by confirmation by botanist John C. Semple in 1984. It is now stored at the Natural History Museum, London.[6]
- Subgenus Virgulus
S. adnatum (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom[2]
Basionym: Aster adnatus[8]
Described: 1834[9]
-
Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana (1 species)
subg. Astropolium (11 species)
subg. Virgulus sect. Ericoidei sect. Patentes subsect. Brachyphylli subsect. Patentes sect. Grandiflori subsect. Mexicanae subsect. Grandiflori sect. Polyliguli sect. Concolores subg. Ascendentes (2 species)
subg. Symphyotrichum (55 species)
Etymology
[edit]adnate — the leaf bases are adnate to the stem[10]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]
Found in the Bahamas in ... and where ... and by whom ... and publication info on that. POWO and COL have Bahamas as a location ... FNA does not ... Weakley does.
Bahamas; US — Alabama,[e] Florida,[f] Georgia,[g] Louisiana,[h] and Mississippi.[i][2]
Nearly all on the Gulf of Mexico coast
Bahamian pineyards, Everglades
"oak-pine scrub, open pine flatwoods, roadsides"[3]
S. adnatum grows in longleaf pine ecosystems, flatwoods, sandhill ecological communities, pine rocklands,[12] and Florida sand pine scrub at 0–100 meters (0–330 feet).[3] It is categorized on the United States National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) with the Wetland Indicator Status Rating of Facultative Wetland (FACW), meaning it usually occurs in wetlands.[13]
Ecology
[edit]C-vals: 7–8
Conservation
[edit]As of December 2021[update], NatureServe lists Symphyotrichum adnatum as Apparently Secure (G4) worldwide with no individual state rankings. The global status was last updated 2 May 1988.[1]
extra pics
[edit]-
Symphyotrichum adnatum 168895303 -
Symphyotrichum adnatum 167975232 -
Symphyotrichum adnatum 56987998 -
Symphyotrichum adnatum 57674395 -
Symphyotrichum adnatum 38024331
Notes
[edit]- ^ Last updated by NatureServe on 2 May 1988[1]
- ^ Now called the Philadelphia Herbarium (PH)
- ^ Now the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
- ^ NOTE ABOUT THIS WAS AN ILLEGAL NAME AND WAS RENAMED ASTER WALTERI
- ^ Alabama counties: Baldwin and Mobile[11]
- ^ Florida counties: Bay, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, DeSoto, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Miami-Dade, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Santa Rosa, Sumter, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington[11]
- ^ Georgia counties: Dougherty, Grady, and Lee[11]
- ^ Louisiana counties: East Feliciana, St. Helena, St. Tammany, and Tangipahoa[11]
- ^ Mississippi counties: Forrest, Franklin, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Jones, Lamar, Marion, Pearl River, Perry, Stone, and Wayne[11]
Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c NatureServe 2021.
- ^ a b c d e POWO 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Brouillet et al. 2006.
- ^ Barkley, Brouillet & Strother 2006.
- ^ Nuttall 1834, p. 83.
- ^ a b The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2021.
- ^ a b Nesom 1994, p. 274.
- ^ IPNI 2021a.
- ^ IPNI 2021b.
- ^ Nuttall 1834, pp. 82–83.
- ^ a b c d e USDA, NRCS 2021.
- ^ Weakley 2020, p. 1586.
- ^ US Army Corps of Engineers 2018, p. 175.
References
[edit]- Barkley, T.M.; Brouillet, L.; Strother, J.L. (2006). "Asteraceae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 19. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 December 2021 – via eFloras.
- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum adnatum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via eFloras.
- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006a). "Symphyotrichum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 December 2021 – via eFloras.
- IPNI (2021a). "Symphyotrichum adnatum (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 275 (1995)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
{{cite web}}: More than one of|work=and|website=specified (help) - IPNI (2021b). "Aster adnatus Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 82 (1834)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
{{cite web}}: More than one of|work=and|website=specified (help) - Morhardt, S.; Morhardt, E. (2004). California Desert Flowers. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-52024-003-0.
- NatureServe (6 December 2021). "Symphyotrichum adnatum Scaleleaf Aster". explorer.natureserve.org. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- Nuttall, T. (1834). "A Description of Some of the Rarer or Little Known Plants Indigenous to the United States, from the Dried Specimens in the Herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 7. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 61–115. Retrieved 26 December 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- POWO (2021). "Symphyotrichum adnatum (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (13 December 2021). "Specimen BM000839303 – Aster adnatus Nutt 1830 Florida (with image)". data.nhm.ac.uk. Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- US Army Corps of Engineers (2018). "2018 National Wetland Plant List" (PDF). wetland-plants.usace.army.mil. Hanover, New Hampshire: United States Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (published 18 May 2020). Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- USDA, NRCS (2021). "Symphyotrichum adnatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- Weakley, A.S. (20 October 2020). Flora of the Southeastern United States (Request PDF download). Retrieved 25 October 2021.