User:Ebrooks5/1979 eruption of Sinila crater
Tianren Zhao
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Article Draft for Sinila Crater
[edit]Addition to Article
[edit]Introduction
- the eruptions were phreatic[1]
Geological Impact
- seismic activity started in the early morning, with the first eruption at 5 am, approximately 3 earthquakes before the first explosion [2][3]
- formation of another crater, called Sigluduk, emitted vapor.
- Further to the west, an eruptive fracture since 1928 and the Sumur crater were reactivated from extinction, showing volcanic activities again.
-This complex is known for emitting toxic gases
-most deaths caused by toxic gasses
- volcano complex is on a subduction zone[4]
The eruption started in the early morning, with 3 earthquakes before the initial explosion at 5 in the morning. The eruption involved explosions, the expulsion of rocks and mud, intense steam and gas release, and a hot lahar that flowed over roads and farmland along a 3.5 km stretch. A new crater was created, measuring approximately 90 m in diameter and 100 m deep. A new vent, 15 meters in width, formed after a second but minor eruption at 6:45 am, in the Sigludug area. Mud and stones were expelled and a small lahar was released. During the eruption, the Sumur crater, which was initially dormant, got reactivated and started showing activity when carbon dioxide emissions started to occur.
-Voluminous amounts of carbon dioxide started to emerge from both the fracture and the Sigluduk crater and sheets of the dense gas flowed down to the Batur plain. CO2 probably emanated from the Sinila crater as well but remained confined within this deep crater.
Toxic gas emission
-crater kept emitting toxic gasses, February 21-22, carbon dioxide released for several months
- later chemical composition analysis showed the makeup of the gasses emitted was mainly composed of carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide[5]
During the eruption, toxic gases were emitted from the crater for two days. Gases were still released for several months after the explosion. These gases were sampled in early July, during the time they were being emitted. The gas was made up of carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. These gases are toxic to humans, making this crater and its surrounding ones known for emitting toxic gases.
Casualties and human response
It was later discovered that 142 people among the casualties were dead due to the toxic gas sheets when they were fleeing along a trail from the village of Kepucukan towards the Batur village.[6]
President Suharto at the time stated that around 6,000 people had been evacuated by February 22nd. Evacuation efforts were hampered due to lava severing main roads, restricting access to the area.
Potential hazards to surrounding populations
- ^ "Dieng Volcano Eruptions". 10-10-2024.
{{cite web}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Gas, Lava From Volcano Kill 155 in Indonesia". Washington Post. 2024-02-25. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
- ^ "Global Volcanism Program | Report on Dieng Volcanic Complex (Indonesia) — March 1979". volcano.si.edu. doi:10.5479/si.gvp.sean197903-263200. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
- ^ "Global Volcanism Program | Dieng Volcanic Complex". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
- ^ Allard, P.; Dajlevic, D.; Delarue, C. (1989-11-01). "Origin of carbon dioxide emanation from the 1979 Dieng eruption, Indonesia: Implications for the origin of the 1986 Nyos catastrophe". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. The Lake Nyos Event and Natural CO2 Degassing, I. 39 (2): 195–206. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(89)90058-9. ISSN 0377-0273.
- ^ Allard, P.; Dajlevic, D.; Delarue, C. (1989-11). "Origin of carbon dioxide emanation from the 1979 Dieng eruption, Indonesia: Implications for the origin of the 1986 Nyos catastrophe". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 39 (2–3): 195–206. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(89)90058-9. ISSN 0377-0273.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)