User:Ea114

I'm an exchange student from the US in Freiburg and my favorite tongue-twister is "A skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk, but the stump thunk the skunk stunk." You can visit my professor's page here.

Work Log

Beginning of Semester

• (90 min) Translated section 3 of the Hiddensee article. I found it difficult to switch my brain from German sentence structure to English and had to consciously check what I was writing in English.

May 8th - 15th

• (90 min) Helped to finish the translation of section 7(Can be seen on Chiara's page, was edited there.) What I found semi-difficult were the numerous very specific words whose translations even into English I didn't know or understand.
• (90 min) Added links to another portion of section 7 and translated the image caption

May 16th - 22nd

• (60 min) Translated section 15 (Culture section and beginning of misc section)
  • One difficulty was, again, specific words. Additionally, there were some song lyrics that I tried to translated, but they were written in dialect, so I couldn't really figure it out.

May 23rd - 30th

• (90 min) Began on the "Leben" portion of the Wiki article for Dieter Leisegang

June 6th - 13th

• (120 min) Continued on Dieter Leisegang article
  • There was one sentence in a quote with a word which I understood; however, it had many applicable translations that would all have been contextually and gramatically correct, but trying to construe what the original connotation of the word was was difficult.
• (30 min) Finished section 15 and pasted onto the Hiddensee page

June 19th

• (90 min) continued on Leisegang article

June 23rd

• (120 min) Worked on Leisegang article. Finished "Life" section and published an English page. Later came back and made small adjustments.
  • The abbreviations by his works were hard to figure out and translate

July 2nd

• (70 min) Continued on Leisegang article
  • Specific philosophy terms

July 10th

• (30 min) Translated Audiogroove article, worked on Dieter Leisegang article
  • technical problems/confusion with wikipedia...box for music singles, for example

Section 3

Settlements

Grieben

Grieben ist der nördlichste Ort auf der Insel. Sein Name (abgeleitet vom slawischen Wort für Pilz) deutet darauf hin, dass der Ort eine der beiden Siedlungen auf der Insel war, die bereits zu slawischer Zeit vor der Ankunft der deutschen Mönche im 13. Jahrhundert existierten. Zu Zeiten der Existenz des Klosters wurden für Grieben acht Katen genannt. Die Zahl der Häuser hat sich bis zur Neuzeit kaum verändert.

Grieben is on the northernmost point of the island. Its name (derived from the Slavic word for Fungus) indicates that Grieben was one of two settlements on the island that already existed during the Slavic period before the arrival of German monks in the 13th century. At the time of the existence of the monastery, eight cottages belonged to the village of Grieben. The number of houses barely changed up until the modern era.

Kloster

Der Ort entstand um das Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts gegründete Kloster Hiddensee. Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bestand er nur aus Kirche, Gutshaus, Pfarr- und Schulhaus und zwei Arbeiterhäusern und wuchs erst danach zu seiner heutigen Größe. Hier siedelten sich eine Reihe von Künstlern an, bekannt ist Kloster als Wohnort von Gerhart Hauptmann geworden, der auf dem dortigen Inselfriedhof begraben wurde.

This settlement was founded around the Hiddensee Monastery at the end of the 13th century. Even at the end of the 19th century Kloster comprised of only a church, a farmhouse estate, a building functioning both as parish house and school house, and two workhouses. The village only grew to its current size after this period. A series of artists came to settle here, the best-known being Gerhart Hauptmann, who now rests in the island cemetery.

Vitte

Vitte wurde erst 1513 urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name leitet sich von einem Gattungsnamen ab, dem niederdeutschen Wort für eine Niederlassung von Heringsfischern. Vitte wurde bald der größte Ort der Insel und ist es bis heute.

Vitte was first documented as a village in the year 1513. The name derives from a generic name, namely the Low German word for a subsidiary of herring fishermen. Vitte soon became the largest settlement on the island and remains so to this day.

Glambeck

Neben Grieben war Glambeck eine der beiden zu slawischer Zeit existierenden Siedlungen der Insel, der Name leitet sich von tiefer Ort ab. Bereits vor 1700 wurde der Ort zur Wüstung. Heute erinnert ein Flurname für ein Landstück etwa einen Kilometer nördlich von Neuendorf an den Ort.

Alongside Grieben, Glambeck was the other of the two settlements to have existed on the island during the Slavic period. The name "Glambeck" is derived from deep place. Already before 1700 the settlement was left abandoned. Today a field name for a piece of land about one kilometer north of Neuendorf serves as a reminder for Glambeck.

Neuendorf

Main article: Neuendorf (Insel Hiddensee)

Der Ort entstand um das Jahr 1700, vermutlich als Ersatz für das aufgebene Dorf Glambeck. Hier hat sich der Charakter des alten Fischerdorfes am stärksten auf der Insel erhalten. Seine Bebauungsstruktur mit Häusern auf gemeinschaftlich genutztem Wiesengelände ohne angelegte Wege gilt als einmalig, der Ort steht als Ganzes unter Denkmalschutz.

The village emerged around the year 1700, presumably as a replacement for the abandoned village of Glambeck. The character of the old fishing village has been best preserved here; its building structure with houses nestled on communally-used grasslands without paths is unique, and the entire village is considered a historical monument.

Plogshagen

Plogshagen ist eine Gründung aus Zeiten der Kolonisation durch deutsche Siedler nach Klostergründung. Der Name leitet sich vermutlich vom Personennamen Plog ab. Heute ist Plogshagen weitgehend mit Neuendorf zusammengewachsen.

Plogshagen is a settlement stemming from the times of colonization by German settlers after the founding of its monastery. The name is likely derived from the personal name Plog. Today Plogshagen has grown extensively together with Neuendorf.

Part of Section 7

The first settlements on the island emerged in the middle and late Stone Age. After the German people left the southern Baltic Sea region in the 6th century BCE, the Ranans (Slavs) took possession of the island. Later, in the year 1168, they were defeated by King Waldemar I of Denmark through the conquest of the Jaromarsburg fortress on the Cape of Arkona on the island of Rügen. The people were then converted to Christianity and the area was turned into a Danish vassal state. Thusly, Hiddensee fell under Danish sovereignty. On April 13th, 1296 the prince of Rügen, Wizlaw II, gifted the island of Hiddensee, which he described as "the island surrounded by salt water", to the Monastery of Neuenkamp. There emerged a Cistercian monastery named Nikolaikamp, which was named after the Holy Nicholas, patron saint of the seafarers. In actuality the monastery was called Kloster Hiddensee during the entire time of its existence. In Autumn of 2008 archaeologists discovered ten graves during a dig at the site of the former Cistercian monastery under the leadership of Medieval archaeologist Felix Biermann.

Culture

Starting at the beginning of the 20th century, Hiddensee benefitted from its attractiveness as an artist's colony. All types of artists spent their summer months on the island and recorded their impressions of the experience in their work. In the Blaue Scheune (Blue Barn) in Vitte, the summer house of Henni Lehmann, the Hiddensoer Künstlerinnenbund (Hiddensee Female Artist's Collective) met from the year 1922 until 1933. Countless artists stayed on Hiddensee too in the period of the GDR and reflected on their day-today and the one-of-a-kind landscape in their paintings and writings. Additionally, there was a cinema tent and lake stage (puppet theater) in Vitte as well as the galleries Am Seglerhafen in Vitte and Am Torbogen in Kloster.

Miscellaneous

The island of Hiddensee is also called "Sötes Länneken" (sweet little land) by locals.

Because many members of the Berlin Bohème spent their summer retreats on Hiddensee during the time of the Weimar Republic, people from the capital city also called the island the Romanisches Café of the Baltic Islands.

In 1974, Nina Hagen released the hit Du hast den Farbfilm vergessen, in which she sings "Hoch stand der Sanddorn am Strand von Hiddensee …" or "High stands the sallow thorn on the beaches of Hiddensee …". The folk duo De Plattfööt also mentions the island in one of their songs, singing "Hiddensee, Land zwischen Luv un Lee".

Panorama view of the light house and both Old and New Bessin

A missile boat from the German Navy carried the name Hiddensee from 1990 until its decommissioning in 1996.

The rescue boat Nausikaa of the DGzRS is stationed in Vitte.

Culinary Specialties

Sallow Thorn grows in copious amounts on the island. Its fruit is used in the making of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks – the former being Sallow Thorn liquor and Sanddorngeist, and the latter both cold and hot Sallow Thorn juice. It is also used in vitamin-rich dishes such as Sallow Thorn tort and Sallow Thorn ice cream, and, among yet more uses, in some cosmetic products. Another prominent local product from the island is fish, above all when it is fresh-caught and smoked. An additional specialty is Hiddensee stewed eel, for which every local family and restaurant has their own unique recipe. The Bodden zander has also proven its culinary potential. Lesser known, and therefore even more marveled due to its green bones is the garfish, which can also occasionally be found on menus on the island.

Private Labels

Private label on a signpost in Neuendorf

To this day, many houses on Hiddensee have personal labels hung on them as markers.

Dieter Leisegang

Dieter Leisegang

Dieter Leisegang (* November 25th 1942 in Wiesbaden; † March 21st 1973 in Offenbach am Main) was a German Author, Philosopher and Translator.

Life

Dieter Leisegang was born on November 25th, 1942, the eleventh child to painter and cartographer Gustav Leisegang. He spent his childhood in the city of Wiesbaden until his family relocated to Offenbach am Main in 1959. His first literary works and poems appeared in the 1950s and were published in newspapers, magazines, and anthologies.

After graduating secondary school, Leisegang studied History, German, and Philosophy at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, primarily under the instruction of Theodor W. Adorno and Julius Jakob Schaaf. Leisegang took Schaaf's approach of “Universal Relational Theory” and developed it further into a “draft of a philosophy of relationships”, with which “Leisegang leaves behind a self-contained philosophical oeuvre, in which, with an almost alarming systematic power and at the highest level of both introspection and argumentation, profound historical knowledge of the entire history of philosophy seamlessly unites” (Julius Schaaf).

In 1963 Leisegang met typographer and publisher Horst Heiderhoff, together with whom he released the poetry series “Das Neuste Gedicht” (”The Newest Poem”). In the same year, however, he was forced to take a break from his studies at the university due to a serious lung condition. After an operation, he was able to return to his studies in 1967. Already during his years at university Leisegang worked a variety of different jobs: as a teaching assistant for an aesthetics course at the Werkkunstschule(College of Design Offenbach) (1968-1960); as a lecturer for text and rhetoric at the Technical College for Industrial Advertising and Sales Promotion in Kassel (1968-1971); and as a freelancer in the editorial department “Art and Literature” for the Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessisch Broadcasting).

In 1969 he finished his doctorate in Philosophy (Julius Schaaf/Theodore W. Adorno), German (Paul Stöcklein), and East European History (Klaus Zernack) with a dissertation on "The Three Powers of Relation". Leisegang was then given a position at Frankfurt University as a lecturer for the History of Philosophy, with particular emphasis on the philosophy of art theory (1971-1973), which he used to work on a philosophical analysis of the works of both Franz Kafka and Karl May. During this time, Leisegang began intensively examining fundamental questions underlying graphic design. This culminated in his Prolegomena on a Theory of Design, which Leisegang published in the newspaper design international in 1971 (whose editors were Leisegang himself, Anton Stankowski, and Horst Heiderhoff). In addition to this, he also toyed with prime numbers.

Leisegang put his teaching position in Frankfurt on hold in 1972 in order to take up a position as guest lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg (South Africa). Here, alongside a relational theory drafted in English, he began plans for a philosophic political paper on "Apartheid and Integration as Moments of a True Political Relationship between Black and White in South Africa" (Letter to Julius Schaaf on July 20th, 1972). Unfortunately, his attempt to evidence that, drawing from the examples from South Africa, one-sided political relationships would inevitably lead to forseeable social and economic catastrophe, which he drew from examples from South Africa, never came to fruition in the form of a paper, as his manuscript went missing during a move. However, it was discussed during his lectures. Leisegang explicitly withdrew his application for a chair position at J.W. Goethe University while he was in South Africa and left his lecturer position there to rest (Letter to J. Schaaf, July 20th, 1972).

In August of 1972 he returned to Germany due to the death of his father. He held the seminar "Philosophical Aspects of Literature, Karl May: Ardistan and Dschinnistan" in the winter semester of 1972/73, which, in a certain sense, came to be his legacy. Despite his successes, Leisegang committed suicide in the early hours of March 21st, 1973. Shortly before this, he had written a letter informing the police of his impending suicide.

Philosophy

Like his colleague Wolfgang Cramer from Frankfurt, Dieter Leisegang belonged to a collection of philosophers who, following in the footsteps of Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, grappled with the problem of the "absolute". However, the direction of this examination was generally determined by the transition from the concept of substance to the concept of function described by Ernst Cassirer and more specifically by the findings from Leisegangs teacher from Frankfurt, Julius Schaaf.

Wie schon im Neukantianismus, besonders bei Paul Natorp, die Relation an die „Spitze aller logischen Erwägungen“ trat, so hatte Schaaf mit dem Ziel einer Überwindung der traditionellen Minimalisierung der Relation und in Auseinandersetzung mit der „Grundwissenschaft“ von Johannes Rehmke die Grundprinzipien einer universalen Relationstheorie als der Universalmethode der Philosophie entwickelt. In der Relation sieht Schaaf deren einzigen Grundbegriff: „Alles was ist, ist Beziehung, und alles was nicht ist auch Beziehung. Die Beziehung ist das Absolute selbst.“ Dabei unterscheidet er zwischen „äußeren“ (ontologischen), ihre Träger (Substanzen) nachträglich verbindenden Relationen, und „inneren“ (logischen), ihre Relata erst erzeugenden Relationen und betont, dass weder äußere (bei Bertrand Russell und Ludwig Wittgenstein „extern relations“) noch innere Relationen („intern relations“) dem wahren Wesen des Relationalen gerecht werden; denn es sei jeder Beziehung eigen, dass sie, indem sie eint, zugleich trennt, und indem sie trennt, zugleich eint. Diese Parallelität (oder Gleichursprünglichkeit) von Einheit und Differenz, den Extremalmomenten der Relation, nennt Schaaf „transzendentale Relation“: das „einzig und schlechthin Beziehungslose“, das – von Wolfgang Cramer als „außen“ bezeichnet – als das „Übergegenständliche par excellence“ die „Totalität alles Seienden, des Wirklichen und des Unwirklichen bedeutet“ (wobei es von eminenter Wichtigkeit ist, dass mit dem „Beziehungslosen“ nicht das „A-relative“, also die absolute Substanz, sondern vielmehr das Arelationale, Nicht-beziehungshafte gemeint ist).

Similarly to how relation came to be the "pinnacle of all logical deliberations" in Neo-Kantianism (especially for philosopher Paul Natorp), Schaaf fleshed out the basic principles of a universal theory of relation and posited them as the universal method of philosophy with the help of his examination of "basic scholarship" by Johannes Rehmke. He did this with the goal of undercutting the tradition of minimalizing relation.

Niagara Automobile Company

Industry	Automobile
Founded	1915 (1915) in Buffalo, New York, USA
Defunct	1916 (1916)

Niagara Automobile Company was an American automobile manufacturer.

Company History

The company was founded in 1915 in Buffalo, New York. It was a merger of Mutual Motor Car Company and Poppenberg Motor Company, the former the sponsor and the latter the distributor. Production began in 1915 in a factory owned by Crow-Elkhart in Elkhart,Indiana. The name of the brand was Niagara, with the possible substitute name of Four. Production ended in 1916. In total about 500 automobiles were produced.

Other American automobile manufacturers under the brand name Niagara were Niagara Automobile Company (1901), Niagara Motor Vehicle Company, Wilson Automobile Company, and Niagara Mothors Manufacturing Company.

Automobiles

Only one model of car was up for sale. The Model C-16 had a four-cylinder engine produced by the company Lycoming. Bores of 88.9 mm and 127 mm hubs provided 20 horsepower performance. The chassis had a 284 cm wheelbase. Traditionally touring cars were outfitted with five seats and Roadster (automobile)|roadsters]] with two.

Literature

• Beverly Rae Kimes; Henry Austin Clark Jr. (2013). Standard catalog of American Cars. 1805–1942 (3rd Digital Edition ed.). Iola: Krause Publications. p. 1044. ISBN 978-1-4402-3778-2. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
• Georgano, G. N. (2000). The Beaulieu encyclopedia of the automobile. Vol. 2. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 1113. ISBN 1579582931.

References

[[Category:Defunct_motor_vehicle_manufacturers_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:1915_establishments]] [[Category:1916_disestablishments]]