User:ERamos57/sandbox

• Frederickson, D. G. (2006). Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State. Washing D.C.: Geargetown University Press. This is a strong source, both quantitative and qualitative wise. It is an actual book on the performance of the hollow state. It breaks down its topics into ten subtopics making it easier to actually narrow down research and specify on a topic related to hollow state in a greater detail. Subtopics extend from federal performance measurement to food and drug administration to provision of health financial security and many other aspects of public administration. The book is diverse due to the variety of the subtopics and the range it covers with each subtopics. The subtopics seem to be the steps on how to measure the performance of the hollow state.

• Peters, B. G. (1994). Managing the Hollow State. International Journal of Public Administration, 739-756. This is an article from the International Journal of Public Administration. Terrific source which complements Frederickson because Peters helps explain how to the hollow state began in the U.S and how it is been managed since it began and Frederickson explains how to measure the hollow state. Using this sources in complement can help readers better understand how hollow states really work and what they accomplish and how hollowing out affects the public.

• Provan, H. B. (1993). The Hollow State: Private Provision of Public Services. In H. I. Smith, Public Policy for Democracy (pp. 222-237). Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution. This article may be the most relevant to my research because it focuses on the privatization of the public services. Public services is what drives communities day by day and without them daily life could be more complicated. The federal government has always relied on state and local government to deliver federal funded services. The people have depended on the federal government to supply this federal funded services paid by the taxes levied on the people. This article will help me explain how current hollowfication has affected the public services and the people of the United States.

• Terry, L. D. (2005). The Thinning of Administrative Institutions in the Hollow State. Administration and Society, 426-444. The article focuses on the last 20 years of our government. While the other articles help me understand how the hollow state began, the effect it has on our country, and how to measure it, this article will help me to understand how the hollow state has evolved in the last 20 years of our government.

Outline Section 1 The article is limited and fails at defining the Hollow State; although it states a brief outcome of this entity, it falls short at establishing a concise definition. There are no examples of actual hollow states, its functions, and there is only one reference stated in the article.

The existing article on the Hollow State states a limited definition on what the entity is. The article lacks descriptive material about the Hollow State and it lacks examples on its impact on federal, state, and local government. The only thing we may salvage is the definition offered in the article and yet we feel that the definition requires more elaboration. There are no subtopics within the article and it also fails to give its origin on where the concept of the Hollow State originated. The article is not particularly notable or significant even within its field of study, and it may only be included to offer a limited definition of Hollow State to cover a specific part of a notable article. The article provides very little meaningful content; may be little more than a dictionary definition. The articles is underdeveloped and requires a full construction of a proper article. Any additional material can be helpful and the provision of meaningful material should be a priority. Links that can be added: Privatization, shadow government, local government, federation; might find new possible links as we build article.

Section 2 Deleting every section except the Hollow State definition section and adding 4 new sections, some with possible subsections. Also adding the Contracted Services to the current Hollow State definition. The references are listed under each section that will be created in the Wikipedia article to help us know which reference will be used for each section. The following outline is the skeleton of what the actual Wikipedia project might look like. Hollow State (Definition) Keeping current definition. Adding the Contracted Services to the Hollow State definition. It should read like this: A hollow state is a state in which is generally considered to have the appearance of a properly functioning democratic nation or state. This state or nation has democratic elections, government laws, rules, regulations and standards. It has agencies, police, taxation, ministries and a military. What it does not have are aforementioned acting in the best interest of the public but rather supporting the interests of autocracies, dictators, oligopolies, special interest groups, and kleptocracies. Also the term “hollow state” has been used by Milward and Provan as a metaphor for the use of third parties (private companies) to deliver social services and act in the name of the state.

1. Origins in the US. (History) New Section

This sections will explain when and how hollowfication began in the United States. It will contain a brief background information about the hollow state and cover a chronological time period.

Managing the Hollow State. International Journal of Public Administration, 739-756 Peters, B. G. (1994). Milward, H. (1994). Review: Nonprofit Contracting and the Hollow State Public Administration Review. 54(1), 73-77..

Terry, L. D. (2005). The Thinning of Administrative Institutions in the Hollow State. Administration and Society, 426-444

Ingram, H., & Smith, S. (Eds.). (2011). Public Policy For Democracy. The Brookings Institution.

2. Infrastructure New Section

Explains how the Hollow state actually functions and what some of the processes behind hollowfication. Possible subtopics :Federal, State, and Local Performance.

Frederickson, D. G. (2006). Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State. Washing D.C.: Geargetown University Press.

Milward, H. (2014). Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration The increasingly hollow state: challenges and dilemmas for public administration. 36(1), 77-79.

2.1. Local Level

Agranoff, Robert; McGuire, Micheal (1998). "Multinetwork Management: Collaboration and the Hollow State in Local Economy".Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory

Tao, Jill; McCabe, Barbara (November 2012). "Where a Hollow State Casts No Shadow Homeowner Associations in Local Governments". The American Review of Public Administration

3. Contracting Out (New Section) In depth explanation of how hollow states privatize public services by allowing third parties to take over this institutions and act under the state name. Will also create subtopics relating to public sectors that are currently hollowed in some aspects and sectors of the United States.

Provan, H. B. (1993). The Hollow State: Private Provision of Public Services.

Milward, H. (1994). Review: Nonprofit Contracting and the Hollow State Public Administration Review. 54(1), 73-77.

Ingram, H., & Smith, S. (Eds.). (2011). Public Policy For Democracy. The Brookings Institution.

Terry, L. D. (2005). The Thinning of Administrative Institutions in the Hollow State. Administration and Society, 426-444.

3.1. Health Care Services ( new subsection)

Narrow down and specify how hollowfication and third parties affect the public services of Health Care.

Frederickson, D. G. (2006). Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State. Washing D.C.: Geargetown University Press.

3.2. Drug and Food (new subsection)

Narrow down and specify how third parties privatize and mange and how hollowfication affects the public sector of Drug and food.

Frederickson, D. G. (2006). Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State. Washing D.C.: Geargetown University Press.

4. Impact of the Hollow State (New Section) Explains consequences, impact, and results of the hollow state. Possiblity to specify the impacts of hollowfication on each level of government such as Federal, state and local government.

Milward, H. B., & Provan, K. G. (2000). Governing the Hollow State Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 10(2), 359-379.

Ingram, H., & Smith, S. (Eds.). (2011). Public Policy For Democracy. The Brookings Institution.

Milward, H. (2014). Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration The increasingly hollow state: challenges and dilemmas for public administration. 36(1), 77-79.