User:ENGL1050

==[ 1 ]Cohabitation The majority of today’s married couples lived together before tying the knot. However, does this trial run of living together really work and make sure that the marriage is better in the long run?

There are many facts and figures, and studies that have been carried out which tell us that cohabiting couples are at a much higher risk of divorce than those who don’t live together before getting married.There are others that suggest that living together in a “trial marriage” is a good way to work out whether a couple are actually compatible, before they get married. Cohabitation is an intimate relationship between man and women that living together in the same house or at the same address without married for certain long period.

In order to test out compatibility, cohabitation always becomes an alternative route for young or matured couples. Recently, it becomes a global trend and seem to be the norm of the entire world. Although cohabitation really works on building relationships, but this will only works when cohabitors live together and highlighted marriage as the first priority. From different perspectives toward cohabitation raises the advantages and disadvantages of cohabitation.(Joseph)

According to sociology , cohabitation is known as a state or condition of living together as husband and wife without being married . In a simple way of explanation cohabitation is an act of living together and have sexual relationship.(jack)

==Why People Cohabit? Young adults feel that loving together is a good way because it benefits the marriage and reduce the risk of divorce.Beside that , couples tought that breaking up is more eassier compare to divorce , they can save plenty of cost and time by just breaking up instead of getting into divorce.It seems like it is a very good option for choosing cohabitation. Some couples also believe that living together allows them to experiment and find the perfect match to get married. After all,there are many advantage and disadvantage of cohabitation.

There are a tonnes of reasons to why people choose to cohabit with each other. According to the researches that I have done, these are the common reasons to why cohabitation occurs.

• 1. The current dating couple wants to go through some sort of "test marriage" before they actually get married and live with each other for the rest of their lives.
• 2. Some couples want to be together but are not ready to commit fully into the relationship.
• 3. Couples who are afraid to take the risk of getting married and be tied down their whole lives.
• 4. Some couples just do not see the line of differences between a married couple or a unmarried couple.
• 5. Similar sex orientation love.
• 6. Forbidden relationships.
• 7. Financial constrain.

==The Ramifications: The Advantages & Disadvantages of Cohabitation

Advantages of Cohabitation

"How do I know whether you are the Mr/Mrs Right that I had been searching for?" Question like this always ring the ears of the couples when they only left one more steps to go towards marriage process. Being together under the same roof together forever raises doubts and worries whether they are really compatible without causing any problems. Cohabitation enable to learn their future spouse with deeper understanding regarding on their daily lifestyle or living habits. With such a timeline, it helps to creat an opportunity to test out their compatible and their commitment before marriage.

Besides, couples who cohabit could save a lot of times and costs. They do not need to travel in order to see each other. They do not need to call when they miss each other at night. On the other hand, they could spend more time with the person they love. Cohabitation improve chances for a good marriage and reduce the chances of divorce.Cohabitation will help couples to understand their spouse deeper on their lifestyle and habits. This will help couples to identify whether their spouse is the right person to married.

Disadvantages of Cohabitation

Generally,cohabitation could decrease the chances of divorce. However, there are also abundant of cases where it did not decreases rates of divorce. Yet evidences state that it increases the the rate of divorce and also lower the marital quality. This phenomenon was known as cohabitation effect. A survey was carried out by Galena K. Rhoades and his colleagues from University of Denver. With a sample size of 1050 people, those cohabit before seen to have the greatest potential of divorce (43.1%) than those who live together after engagement or marriage. This clearly shows that although it may decreases the chances of divorce before marriage but the rate of divorce did not change due to cohabitation. (Joseph) Men and women who cohabitation are more likely than married people to experience partner abuse and infidelity and less like to receive assistance from family members than married couples.

Cohabitation will lead to domestic violence.The U.S Justice Department found that women are sixty-two times more likely to be assaulted by a live-in boyfriend than by a husband (Colson 1995).A study done by Northern State University, they found that men typically cohabitate because of the “convenience” of the relationship, whereas women cohabitate with “the expectation that cohabitation will lead to marriage.”Normally cohabitate is dissapprove by most of the parents and family members they think that it is a shame for staying together wthout being married due to culture and religion belief.Parents and friends will talk bad behind them and this will cause pressure for those couples.when couples feel that it is embarrasing and can't take it , they will try to release those stress by abussing their spouse , children and family members.

Cohabitation before marriage will creates a couple being isolation from society, friend and family. Furthermore, living together before marriage makes a couple loose their excitement and thrilling some experience after when you will get marriage. One of the disadvantages of cohabiting for straight couples is towards the female side. Why do I say so? Look, when the couple who are cohabiting have sexual contact with each other and unintended accident happens the female individual will be the one bearing it all. If the male individual is responsible he will take responsibility but what if he doesn't? The baby who is to be born is going to be fatherless. It does not go good on the female individual as well as she might go into deep depression which has a high percentage of committing suicide and or even going for abortion.

Couples with no intention of marrying who decide to cohabit are forming unstable living arrangements that can have negative effects on their emotional, financial and sometimes physical well-being. Besides that, these social arrangements may cause serious problems for children raised in households headed by cohabiting couples.The parenting role of a cohabiting partner toward children of the other person is slightly defined, making cohabitation an unstable living arrangement for children.

==Conclusion In a nutshell, I presume that we should not judge people who cohabits because each and every individual have different reasons to why one does so. So, until you put yourself in their shoes and see from their point of view, don't be judging them already. Everyone one seems to have their own opinion about cohabitation.There are many advantage and disadvantage that we should consider before getting into cohabitation.

==References ( - Brown, S. “Why are Cohabitors Prone to Violence?” Association of America. New York.1999. - Marriage and Cohabitation [electronic resource], by Thornton, Arland, in 2007, published by University of Chicago Press - The Pre-Engagement Cohabitation Effect: A Replication and Extension of Previous Findings, by Galena K. Rhoades, Scott M. Stanley, and Howard J. Markman University of Denver, in 2008

[ 2 ]Facets of Fiction

Question : List the facets of fiction and its definitions in detail.

Plot and Structure Plot is a storyline of a novel. It a form of simplified version for the whole novel by compiling the events in order constructs by the author. Other than that, plot is the sequence of events that make up a story.

The whole entire storyline of a story is the plot.

Exposition Exposition is the beginning of the novel where the story starts. Most of the time, author will begins to introduce the characters especially the protagonist(s), antagonist(s) and backgrounds of the story such as the setting of time and setting of place. Basically, this part provide a certain amount of information to the readers before the author go into the mainstream line of the story. (Joseph) Furthermore, An exposition is the groundwork or backstory of a book.

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_meaning_of_exposition#ixzz1mVS5NYjr Rising Action In this section, author will starts the story by introduce the conflicts. Conflicts are the struggles that the protagonist(s) face throughout the story. There are many different types of conflicts;

Person versus Person Person versus Self Person versus Environment / Nature Person versus Society Person versus technology Person versus supernatural Person versus Fate

Climax Climax is the most exciting part of the story. It the greatest challenge or danger for the protagonist(s). This is also the turning point of the novel where this incident will then changes a certain character(s) or thing(s) in the novel. (Joseph)

Moreover, climax is the highest point of anything conceived of as growing, developing, or unfolding. It could also be the decisive moment in a novel or play.

Falling Action Falling action is the continuation after the climax. Basically it explains the effects, consequences or implements after the climax. Resolution Resolution is the section where the conflict in the story had been resolved. It also explains the protagonists and minor characters in the novel after the conflicts or several years later. There are different types of ending for different novels such as;

Good ending Good ending is a happy ending where the protagonist(s) have a better life in the end.

Bad ending Bad ending is an unhappy ending where the protagonist(s) do not have pleasant conclusion.

Intermediate ending Intermediate ending is an ending without any definitive resolution on the protagonists. The outcome of this type of ending maybe there will be another continuation of the story or to let the reader contemplate the ending by themselves.

Setting Setting is the entire background of the story includes the place, time and circumstances that created by the author. Setting has been classified into three ; setting of time, setting of place and also setting of cultural context

Setting of Time It is the period when the incidents or stories that happen in the novel. For example, 1990s - Millennium

Setting of Place It the place where the events or incidents occur in the novels story. For example, London, England.

Setting of Cultural Context It is the social circumstances of the certain time and place. This describes the society behavior of the novel. (Joseph) For example, it is during World War II.

Style Style is the manner in which an author uses words, constructs sentences, incorporates non-literal expressions, and handles rhythm, timing, and tone. When asked to discuss style, you are being asked to describe how or explain why the words, sentences, and imaginative comparisons are effective in terms of what is being created. 1. Vocabulary- choice of word a) simple word - everyday word choice b) complex word- flexing intellectual muscle c) concrete word- thing we can touch ,see ,etc. d) abstract word -words that express intangible ideas

2. Syntax -arrangement of words, their ordering, grouping and placement within phrases, clauses, and sentences.

3. Rhythm- The pattern of flow and movement created by the choice of words and the arrangement of phrases and sentences. Rhythm is directly affected by the length and composition of sentences, the use of pauses within sentences, the use of repetition, and the ease or difficulty in pronouncing the combinations of word sounds in the sentences.

[ 3 ]Figurative Language

Question : Why is it important to use figurative language and provide some examples of figurative language.

ANSWER : Figurative language is the use of language to describe something by comparing it to something else. It serves many linguistic purposes. It allows people to express abstract thoughts. It creates tone and communicates emotional content. Humor often depends on it.Figurative language serves to reinforce group identity, and marketing efforts rely on its ability to quickly evoke cultural ideals to sells product.Example for honda company they provide a slogan "honda the power of dream".

Creating Tone and Communicating Emotion Figurative language is vivid and descriptive. It creates an emotional tone more effectively than simple, concrete language. For example, "She was very lonely" does not have the same impact as this stanza from the Beatle's song Eleanor Rigby: "Eleanor Rigby, died in the church, And was buried along with her name, Nobody came." That stanza immediately communicates that she died alone, unloved and without family, and it implies that she was deeply lonely through the connotations in the language. Reading it evokes a visceral sense of loneliness that cannot be communicated with concrete or formal language.

Humor and Abstract Thinking The ability to understand figurative language enables people to talk about and play with complicated abstract ideas. Simple words are often insufficient to communicate the subtle connotations of ideas, and figurative language makes that possible. For example, "I've got you covered" means either that the subject is about to be arrested, is protected and safe, or doesn't need to complete something. Similarly, humorous comparisons are only funny if figurative language is understood. Therefore, the joke: "What did the rug say to the floor? 'Don't move, I've got you covered'" is only funny if you understand the abstract meanings of "I've got you covered."

Cultural Cohesiveness Figurative language is culturally specific. The choice of words used for comparison in similes and metaphors is constrained by established cultural constructs. For example, the word "fried" connotes extreme anger in Spanish and extreme fatigue in American English. Idioms also strengthen cultural bonds. Common acceptance of idioms means that Americans understand "you're a chicken" to mean "cowardly," and "playing chicken" to mean taking unnecessary risks, whereas second language learners may wonder why they are being called a bird. This unknowingly excludes the second language learner, while strengthening bonds between people who understand the idiom.

Marketing Figurative language links ideas with emotional responses quickly and effectively. It enables marketers to link cars with luxury or safety in a single phrase. For example, Jaguar's "Don't dream it. Drive it" campaign immediately evokes the sense that this car is the epitome of the American Dream, which translates into an easy life filled with luxury, fun and the best of everything. Thus, figurative language enables marketers to quickly and memorably communicate key selling features of their product while distinguishing it from competitive products.

One of the example of figurative language is personification. Personification is often the application of an extended metaphor. Animals, inanimate objects and abstractions are given human characteristics. Examples include:

• opportunity knocked on the door
• the sun greeted me this morning
• the sky was full of dancing stars
• the vines wove their fingers together to form a braid
• the radio stopped singing and stared at me
• the sun played hide and seek with the clouds

It allows much more creativity and can turn to different feelings than straight talk can. It can also create very powerful feelings because it helps create pictures that your mind can relate with more than just a couple words.

Simile is one of the example for figurative language. A simile compare with two things using the word "like" and "as" . For example : busy as a bee

                        they fight like cats and dogs 

Metaphor is also an example for figurative language. When you use a metaphor, you make a statement that doesn't make sense literally . For example : you are my sunshine

                        he has a heart of a stone 

Other than that, hyperbole, alliteration, onomatopoeia, idioms and clichés are also included under the figurative language topic.

Hyperbole

- It is an dramatically over exaggerating statement made that it is pretty much unbelievable. For example:

                   The sound of a pen drop in the silence is like the sound of a humongous stomach pregnant lady screaming while giving delivering her pea-sized baby.

Alliteration

- It is a repetition of the first letter, sounds and even group of sounds in a sentence. Alliteration can be linked to tongue twisters. For example:

                   A big black bug, bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.

Onomatopoeia

- It is using a word to make a description or imitation of the and action or a sound. For example :

                     snap, clap, meow, woof

Idioms

- According to my understanding of idioms, idioms are combined words that forms a meaning that differs from the original one word by itself. For example:

                    A leopard can't change his spots.
                    It is raining like cats and dogs.

Clichés

- Words that are overused, too common. For example:

                    Always look on the bright side of life.
                    Don't worry, be happy.

[ 4 ]Basics of the Fundamentals of Essay Writing

Question : In your opinion, what are the most effective methods or techniques of writing a solid introduction for your essay?

ANSWER: There are many ways to write an interesting introduction in an essay . In my opinion, I think that the most effective methods to write an interesting introduction is by using an attention grabber. There are many types of attention grabber such as an intriguing example , a provocative quotation,a puzzling scenario ,a vivid or an anecdote and a thought-provoking question.I personally like to ask question that related to the topic and later on I provide an answer with evidence in my essay. It is a quite useful skills in creative essay and academic essay.

To build an interesting introduction, writer can also starts writing with a question. When the introduction starts with a question, this could triggers the audience to think in depth into the certain topic. This could also increase the curiosity of the audience when they could not find their answers. Thus, a good question could enhance an unique pattern of essay.

In order to help the audience to understand the whole essay that you will about to write, thesis statement become a main role in the introduction. A thesis statement is a general, summarize statement about the main points of the topic. This could be a good guidance to the audience before go through the body paragraph. A good thesis statement enable the writer to guide the audience step by step on the certain topic.

In my opinion, a creative start is the most effective method or technique of writing a solid introduction for an essay. It will draws readers in and makes them want to keep going. However, unless a great opening dawns on you immediately, skip it, leave space to go back later if you have time, and move directly to your thesis. You can't get back the time you spend stressing out over your opening.

To form a solid introduction for an essay you will have to watch out for not beginning it with a dictionary definition because what matters is your point of view and not the point of view of the dictionary.

[ 5 ]Creative Essay - Strategies

Question : What are the strategies commonly utilized when writing a creative essay? List down the strategies with relevant examples.

ANSWER: One of the strategy commonly used when writing a creative essay is to use description in analogy and contrast. Two basic tools of analogy are simile and metaphor. A simile compares two unlike things, using "like" or "as". A metaphor compares two unlike things without the use of "like" or "as".

Using the 5 senses such as the sense of sight, sound, touch, taste and smell is one of the strategies for writting a creative essay . By using the five senses we can pour out to the readers to feel what we feel. For example, instead of just saying she is old we can say that her shinny white hair is as white as a snow, her pale old face facing to the ceiling gasping for air heavily. All this five senses can help the readers to understand more and stand in our current situation. In other words, instead of just mentioning words as it is blatantly, we can describe every single little detail of the subject that we are writing on.

There are various types of methods on writing a creative essay. Other than using the sensory appeal, repetition also provides another alternative way for writers to create a sort of rhythm in his/her essay. It provides both pacing and also emphasis. Repetition of a phrase or words creates an emphasis towards something or a message that the writer wanted to convey. Example, " For you a thousand times over.... " was repeated as much as three times in the novel, The Kite Runner. It may just be a simple line but yet it brings great and deep meaning.