User:Duckles8/sandbox

Arizona Guards
Arizona Guards
Active	1861-1863
Disbanded	May 1863, merged with Company A, Arizona Rangers
Country	Confederate States
Branch	Confederate States Army
Type	Militia
Engagements	Battle of Pinos Altos
Commanders
Notable; commanders	Thomas J. Mastin ; Thomas Jefferson Helm

Volksraad of the
South African Republic
*Volksraad van Suid-Afrika* (Afrikaans)
Volksraad of the; South African Republic ; Volksraad van Suid-Afrika (Afrikaans)
20th Volksraad
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
Speaker of the Volksraad	Frederic Creswell, ANC ; since 19 August 2021
Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces	Amos Masondo, ANC ; since 23 May 2019
Structure
Seats	216
National Council of Provinces political groups	CPSA (12); Labour Party (74); Democratic Party (8); Bantu Interests Party (3); South African Party (60); National Party (51); National Socialist Party (8);
Meeting place
	Parliament House, Bloemfontein; Orange Free State, South Africa
Website
	www.parliament.gov.za

South African Republic
*Suid Afrikaanse Republiek*
South African Republic Suid Afrikaanse Republiek
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: "Geduld en Moed" (Afrikaans); "Patience and Courage"
	Anthem: "Die Stem van Suid Afrika"
Capital and largest city	Bloemfontein
Official languages	Afrikaans
Recognised regional languages	English; Sesotho; Setswana; Matabele; Portugese; Zulu; Umbundu; German; Makua; Kalanga; Kongo;
Ethnic groups (1936)	76.0% Black; 7.2% Coloured; 15.2% White; 1.6% Asian;
Religion (1936)	88.5% Christianity 75.4% Protestantism; 14.1% Catholicism; ; ; 2.9% no religion; 6.5% traditional faiths; 1.2% Islam; 0.8% Hinduism; 0.7% other; 0.3% undetermined;
Demonym(s)	South African;
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
• State President (Staatspresident)	Walter Madeley
• Vice President (Visepresident)	Henry Allan Fagan
• Speaker of the Volksraad	Frederic Hugh Page Creswell
• Chief Justice	Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet
Legislature	Volksraad
Consolidation of the Boer Republics and Cape
• Union of Boer Republics	17 February 1867
• Treaty of Vereeniging	28 November 1895
• Current constitution	2 June 1917
Area
• Total	4,241,876 km2 (1,637,797 sq mi) (11th)
• Water (%)	1.1
Population
• 1936 census	20,852,315 (17th)
• Density	4.9/km2 (12.7/sq mi) (75th)
GDP (nominal)	1936 estimate
• Total	$37.741 billion (18th)
• Per capita	$1,809 (22nd)
Currency	South African Pond
Time zone	UTC+2 (SAST)
Drives on	right
ISO 3166 code	ZA

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nearly done, yay

my old arizona rangers page :

The Arizona Guards was a Confederate militia company raised on 18 July 1861 in Pinos Altos, located today in New Mexico but then in Confederate Arizona, at the order of Arizona Governor John Baylor. The unit was commanded by Captain Thomas J. Mastin until 7 October 1861 when he died of sepsis, being replaced by Lieutenant Thomas "Tom" Jefferson Helm. The guards mostly scouted and engaged the Apache, pursuing as far as Lake Guzmán, Mexico. Most of the Arizona Guards were settlers and miners from around Pinos Altos and the Mimbres River valley or other parts of southern New Mexico Territory. Some members of the Guards, alongside the Arizona Rangers of Mesilla later joined the Company A, Arizona Rangers. All three were part of Herbert's Battalion, Arizona Cavalry, until May 1863 when they had been depleted by losses. The Rangers of Mesilla and Guards were disbanded, their men being brought into Company A, which remained in action as the "Arizona Scout Company" until the end of the civil war. As both Herbert's Battalion and the Arizona Scout Company, it was attached to the Army of New Mexico.

Battle of Pinos Altos

The unit fought in the Battle of Pinos Altos alongside the inhabitants of the town against approximately 300 Apache warriors. The battle resulted in the deaths of 5 Guards and about 10 Apache, and the wounding of 7 Confederates and about 20 Apache. The Apache attack was repulsed by the improvised use of an old cannon, and the Guard gave chase, failing to catch their opponents. Notable pioneers Jack Swilling and James Henry Tevis were believed to have fought at Pinos Altos, the former being a first lieutenant of the Guards. After the battle, most of the town's population left in fear of continued Apache attacks, while 70 miners remained.

References

Hall, Martin Hardwick. "Captain Thomas J. Mastin's Arizona Guards, C.S.A.." New Mexico Historical Review 49, 2 (1974). (https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol49/iss2/4)

^ Cite error: The named reference constitution was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language - Parliament of South Africa".
^ Mitchley, Alex. "SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance". News24. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
^ "South Africa – Community Survey 2016". www.datafirst.uct.ac.za. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
^ "Census 2022 (pg.14-15)" (PDF). www.gov.za. Government of South Africa. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference IMFWEO.ZA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[constitution-1] Cite error: The named reference constitution was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[parliament.gov.za-2] "The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language - Parliament of South Africa".

[auto2-3] Mitchley, Alex. "SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance". News24. Retrieved 2023-10-11.

[4] "South Africa – Community Survey 2016". www.datafirst.uct.ac.za. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.

[5] "Census 2022 (pg.14-15)" (PDF). www.gov.za. Government of South Africa. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2013.

[IMFWEO.ZA-6] Cite error: The named reference IMFWEO.ZA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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