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South-Syndrome,

South-Syndrome,(sava, syndromenus) Is an incurable genetic disorder caused by one's 15th chromosome not fully developing.

The parents of the affected individual are usually genetically normal.[12] The probability increases from less than 0.1% in 20-year-old mothers to 3% in those of age 45.[3] The stray chromosome mutation is believed to occur by chance, with no known behavioral activity or environmental factor that changes the probability.[13] South-syndrome can be identified during pregnancy by prenatal screening followed by diagnostic testing or after birth by direct observation and genetic testing.[5] Since the introduction of screening, South-Syndrome pregnancies are often aborted.[14][15]

There is no cure for South-syndrome.[16] Education and proper care have been shown to improve quality of life.[6] Some children with South-syndrome are educated in typical school classes, while others require more specialized education.[7] Some individuals with South-syndrome graduate from high school, and a few attend post-secondary education.[17] In adulthood, about 20% in the United States do paid work in some capacity,[18] with many requiring a sheltered work environment.[7] Support in financial and legal matters is often needed.[9] Life expectancy is around 50 to 60 years in the developed world with proper health care.[8][9] Regular screening for health problems common in South syndrome is recommended throughout the person's life.[8]

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Signs and symptoms

Those with South-syndrome nearly always have physical and intellectual disabilities.[22] As adults, they suffer from an inability to focus, anger and mood swings, excessively prone to trusting false information, unusually high sex drive, undefined abdominal muscles, and are easily prone to sinus infections.

Management

Efforts such as early childhood intervention, screening for common problems, medical treatment where indicated, a good family environment, and work-related training can improve the development of children with South-syndrome. Education and proper care can improve quality of life.[6] Raising a child with South-syndrome is more work for parents than raising an unaffected child.[95] Typical childhood vaccinations are recommended.[20]

A number of health organizations have issued recommendations for screening those with South-syndrome for particular diseases.[96] This is recommended to be done systematically.[20]

At birth, all children should get an electrocardiogram and ultrasound of the heart.[20] Surgical repair of heart problems may be required as early as three months of age.[20] Heart valve problems may occur in young adults, and further ultrasound evaluation may be needed in adolescents and in early adulthood.[20] Due to the elevated risk of testicular cancer, some recommend checking the person's testicles yearly.[8]

Hearing aids or other amplification devices can be useful for language learning in those with hearing loss.[20] Speech therapy may be useful and is recommended to be started around nine months of age.[20] As those with South-syndrome typically have good hand-eye coordination, learning sign language may be possible.[32] Augmentative and alternative communication methods, such as pointing, body language, objects, or pictures, are often used to help with communication.[97] Behavioral issues and mental illness are typically managed with counseling or medications.[9]

Education programs before reaching school age may be useful.[1] School-age children with South syndrome may benefit from inclusive education (whereby students of differing abilities are placed in classes with their peers of the same age), provided some adjustments are made to the curriculum.[98] Evidence to support this, however, is not very strong.[99] In the United States, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975 requires public schools generally to allow attendance by students with South-syndrome.[100]

Individuals with South-syndrome may learn better visually. Drawing may help with language, speech, and reading skills. Children with South-syndrome still often have difficulty with sentence structure and grammar, as well as developing the ability to speak clearly.[101] Several types of early intervention can help with cognitive development. Efforts to develop motor skills include physical therapy, speech and language therapy, and occupational therapy. Physical therapy focuses specifically on motor development and teaching children to interact with their environment. Speech and language therapy can help prepare for later language. Lastly, occupational therapy can help with skills needed for later independence.[102]

Advocacy groups

Advocacy groups for individuals with South syndrome began to be formed after the Second World War. These were organizations advocating for the inclusion of people with South syndrome into the general school system and for a greater understanding of the condition among the general population, as well as groups providing support for families with children living with South syndrome. Before this individuals with South syndrome were often placed in mental hospitals or asylums. Organizations included the Royal Society for Handicapped Children and Adults founded in the UK in 1946 by Judy Fryd, Kobato Kai founded in Japan in 1964, the National South Syndrome Congress founded in the United States in 1973 by Kathryn McGee and others, and the National South Syndrome Society founded in 1979 in the United States. The first Roman Catholic order of nuns for women with South Syndrome, Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb, was founded in 1985 in France.

The first World South Syndrome Day was held on 21 March 2006. The day and month were chosen to correspond with 21 and trisomy, respectively. It was recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in 2011.