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Collocation of 13 new Stones in Munich, June 2017

Stolpersteine in Munich contains the Stolpersteine, which has been published on private ground in Munich as part of the art project of the same name by Gunter Demnig. They are to be reminded of victims of national socialism, who lived and worked in Munich. Since the relocation is rejected on public grounds, there is also a large number of non-relocated stumbling blocks for Munich, which are in exhibitions. The majority of the Stolpersteine is stored.[1]

To date ?? Stolpersteine have been collocated in six municipal districts

Verlegte Stolpersteine

[edit]
Bild Inschrift Standort Leben
HERE LIVED
ELSE BASCH
NÉE ORDENSTEIN
BORN 1878
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 18.6.1944
Widenmayerstraße 16 (Entrance Liebigstraße)
48°08′26″N 11°35′36″E / 48.140536°N 11.593462°E / 48.140536; 11.593462 (Stolpersteine for Else, Ernst and Julius Basch and Klara Strauss)
Basch , ElseElse Basch was born on 4 August 1878 in Nuremberg. Her parents were Josef Ordenstein, a hop handler in Tegernsee and later in Munich, and Ida born Lauchheimer. She had three siblings, Ludwig (born on 25 April 1877 in Nuremberg), Frieda (born 1881) and Richard (birth year not known, died 1914). On 20 January 1902 she married the manufacturer Julius Basch (see below) in Nuremberg and moved to Munich. The couple had a son, Ernst (see below), and lived in Steinsdorfstrasse 15. Else and Julius Basch bought the store building Zum schönen Turm in the Kaufingerstrasse, which is today known as Hirmer-Haus.
The aryanized family-property Zum schönen Turm in Kaufingerstraße

1926 the family moved to the Widenmayerstraße 16. Elsa's husband was deported to Dachau concentration camp in 1938. He died on 1 October 1940 in Munich. After losing her home, Else Basch was admitted to the hospital of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde München und Oberbayern in November 1941. On 11 June 1942 she was deported to the concentration camp Theresienstadt, where she was killed on 18 June 1944.[2]

Her son could emigrate in time. Her brother Ludwig Ordenstein, merchant and unmarried, was already murdered in Theresienstadt on 22 August 1942.[2]

HERE LIVED
ERNST BASCH
BORN 1909
ESCAPE 1935
USA
Widenmayerstraße 16 (Entrance Liebigstraße)
48°08′26″N 11°35′36″E / 48.140536°N 11.593462°E / 48.140536; 11.593462 (Stolpersteine for Else, Ernst and Julius Basch and Klara Strauss)
Basch, ErnstErnst Basch, was born on 11 March 1909 in Munich. He was the son of Julius Basch and Else born Ordenstein. He studied law in Berlin but was not admitted to the judiciary because of his background.[3] He and his wife fled to the United States already 1933. Ernst Basch also tried to persuade his parents to escape, but in vain. In 1937 he published under the pseudonym E.B. Ashton - to protect the parents - in London and New York the more than 300 pages strong book The fascist: his state and his mind.[4]

In 1949 he demanded the restitution of his parents storage building Zum schönen Turm, which was aryanized, but agreed on a compensation payment with the Allianz, which had bought this building in 1940.[5] He worked as a writer and translator near New York and died on February 20, 1983.

HIER WOHNTE
JULIUS BASCH
JG. 1876
VERHAFTET 1938
DACHAU
1940 ZWANGSVERKAUF
DES BESITZES
GEDEMÜTIGT/ENTRECHTET
TOT 1940
Widenmayerstraße 16 (Entrance Liebigstraße)
48°08′26″N 11°35′36″E / 48.140536°N 11.593462°E / 48.140536; 11.593462 (Stolpersteine for Else, Ernst and Julius Basch and Klara Strauss)
Basch, JuliusJulius Basch, was born on 15 January 1876 in Munich. He was the son of Ludwig Basch, a merchant, and Maria born Löwenmeyer. He became a merchant and a manufacturer and married on January 20, 1902 in Nuremberg Else born Ordenstein. The couple had a son, Ernst (see above), and lived in Steinsdorfstrasse 15. In 1926 the family moved to the Widenmayerstraße 16. Julius Basch and his wife bought the store building Zum schönen Turm in the Kaufingerstrasse, which is today known as Hirmer-Haus. In 1935 Ernst emigrated to the United States. In 1938, according to the November pogroms, Julius Basch was abducted into Dachau concentration camp. "In such cases, only those who were credibly assured of emigrating from Germany could hope to be released. This involved considerable costs for emigration and a multitude of discriminatory taxes and special taxes."[5] The buidling in Kaufingerstraße was aryanized, as well as the textile trading company accommodated therein Bamberger & Herz. Julius Basch died on 1 October 1940 in Munich. The cause of death is unknown.[2]

His wife was killed in June 1944 in the concentration camp Theresienstadt. His son could survive.

HIER WOHNTE
KLARA STRAUSS
GEB. MARX
JG. 1875
GEDEMÜTIGT / ENTRECHTET
FLUCHT IN DEN TOD
7.11.1941
Widenmayerstraße 16 (Entrance Liebigstraße)
48°08′26″N 11°35′36″E / 48.140536°N 11.593462°E / 48.140536; 11.593462 (Stolpersteine for Else, Ernst and Julius Basch and Klara Strauss)
Strauss , KlaraKlara Strauss born Marx was born on 18 April 1875 in Mannheim. Her parents were the industrialist Adolf Marx and Frieda born Wolff. On 22 July 1900 she married the industrialist Siegfried Strauss (1863-1930) from Munich. The couple lived from May 1911 in Widenmayerstraße 16 / III. The Husband of Klara died. In June 1939 the widow was forced to give up her home and go to a collective-quarter, first in Gedonstrasse then in Leopoldstrasse. On 7 November 1941 Klara Strauss comitted suicide to escape the deportation.[6]
Bild Inschrift Standort Leben
HERE LIVED
VIKTORIA KLIMM
BORN 1885
JEHOVA'S WITNESS
ARRESTED 1936
PAMPHLET DISTRIBUTION
1937 MORINGEN
RAVENSBRÜCK
MURDERED 16.12.1942
AUSCHWITZ
Entenbachstraße 45
48°07′18″N 11°34′38″E / 48.121696°N 11.577087°E / 48.121696; 11.577087 (Stolperstein for Viktoria Klimm)
Klimm, ViktoriaViktoria Klimm was born on 21 December 1885 in Irsee, close to Kaufbeuren in Swabia. She was a Witness of Jehova and and was arrested on 23 July 1936 for denying the Hitler salute. After her release, she took part in events organized by Jehova's Witnesses on 12 December 1936 all over the Third Reich where she distributed flyers. She was arrested again, was first deported to Moringen concentration camp, then to Lichtenburg, then to Ravensbrück. On 1 July 1942, she was finally transferred to Auschwitz, where she was murdered by the Nazi regime on 16 December 1942.[7]
Bild Inschrift Standort Leben
HERE LIVED
EUGENIE BENARIO
NÉE GUTMANN
BORN 1876
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 18.1.1943
Haydnstraße 12
48°07′52″N 11°33′24″E / 48.131216°N 11.556626°E / 48.131216; 11.556626 (Stolpersteine for Eugenie and Otto Max Wilhelm Benario)
Benario , EugenieEugenie Benario born Gutmann was born on 6 September 1876 in Nuremberg. Her parents were the banker Ignaz Gutmann and Olga born Hellmann. On 2 April 1900 she married the lawyer and writer Leo Benario (20 September 1869 in Marktbreit - 11 February 1933 in Munich). The couple had three children, all born in Munich: Otto (see below), Oskar (born 20 August 1905) and Olga (born 12 February 1908). From April 1915 the family lived in Jakob-Klar-Strasse 1. Her husband was a well-known social democrat and wrote a series of social critic works, including 1908 the study Die Wucherer und ihre Opfer (The usurers and their victims).[8]
Olga Benario-Prestes

Her daughter Olga joined the Communists and completed military training in the Soviet Union. There she met Hauptmann Luís Carlos Prestes, a Brazilian Communist leader, she became his bodyguard and lover. It is said that Olga married Prestes in Moscow, but this is not secured. After her participation in a coup attempt in Brazil, she was arrested and handed over by the Brazilian government to the Nazi regime. She came up pregnant in Germany and gave birth to her daughter, Anita Leocádia Prestes on 27 November 1936 in a Berlin prison. Later she was deported to Ravensbrück concentration camp and murdered on 23 April 1942 in Bernburg Euthanasia Centre.[9]

On July 11 1942 Eugenie Benario and her son Otto were transported from Munich to the concentration camp Theresienstadt. Their transport numbers were 663 and 664. Eugenie Benario was murdered on 18 January 1943 by the Nazi regime in Theresienstadt.[10][11] Her son Otto was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in September 1944 and murdered there.

The granddaughter Anita survived the Shoah and became a well-known historian.

HERE LIVED
OTTO MAX WILHELM
BENARIO
BORN 1901
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED IN AUSCHWITZ
Haydnstraße 12
48°07′52″N 11°33′24″E / 48.131216°N 11.556626°E / 48.131216; 11.556626 (Stolpersteine for Eugenie and Otto Max Wilhelm Benario)
Benario , Otto Max WilhelmOtto Max Wilhelm Benario was born on 27 January 1901 in Munich. His parents were the lawyer and writer Leo Benario (1869-1933) and Eugenie born Gutmann (see above). He had a brother Oskar (born 20 August 1905) and a sister Olga (1908-1942). He was a bank clerk and unmarried. From April 1915 the family lived in Jakob-Klar-Strasse 1. On July 10 1942, Otto Benario and his mother were transported from Munich to the concentration camp [Theresienstadt]. Their transport numbers were 663 and 664. His mother was murdered there on 18 January 1943 by the Nazi regime. Otto Benario was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp on September 29 1944 with the Transport Ek. His transport number was 707 of 2.500. Otto Max Wilhelm Benario was murdered there by the Nazi regime.[12][13]

His Sister Olga Benario-Prestes was murdered by the Nazi regime on 23 April 1942 in Bernburg Euthanasia Centre.

HERE LIVED
FRANZISKA BLOCH
NÉE ADLER
BORN 1885
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5 Bloch, FranziskaFranziska Bloch née Adler, also called Fanny, was born on 3 May 1885 in Munich. Her parents were merchant Maier Adler and Antonie née Dreifuß. She became a social worker and married Oskar Max Bloch (see below). The wedding took place on 5 November 1905 in Munich. The couple had one daughter, Johanna (born on 6 August 1906 in Munich, later married with Heinrich Picard (see below)). Her husband died in 1937. The last residences of Franziska Bloch before deportation were in Mathildenstraße 11 and Landwehrstraße 44, thereafter she was interned at the hutment in the Knorrstraße 148. On 20 November 1941, Franziska Bloch, her daughter and her son-in-law were deported toward Eastern Europe, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. All three family members and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[14][15]
File:Stolperstein für Oskar Max Bloch (München).jpg
HERE LIVED
AND PRACTICED

DR. OSKAR MAX
BLOCH
BORN 1876
HUMILIATED/DISENFRANCHISED
DEAD 10.4.1937
Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5 Bloch, Oskar MaxOskar Max Bloch was born on 29 February 1876 in Konstanz. His parents were merchant Alfred Bloch and Fanny née Schuler. He had three siblings, Moritz (born 1875), Elsa (1883) and Erwin (1885). He lived in Munich since 1898 and became a dentist. In 1905, he married Franzisa née Adler (see above). The couple had one daughter, Johanna (born on 6 August 1906 in Munich). His last residence was in Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5. On 10 April 1937, Oskar Max Bloch died in Munich. The cause of his death is unknown.[16][15]

His wife, his daughter and his son-in-law Heinrich Picard (see below) were all murdered by the Nazi regime in Kaunas. His sister Elsa became a concert singer and managed to emigrate to Switzerland in 1939. She could survive the Shoah and died 1953 in Saanen.

HERE LIVED
JOSEPH GRÜNBAUM
BORN 1895
ESCAPE TO ITALY 1939
DEPORTED 1942
MURDERED IN
AUSCHWITZ
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Grünbaum, Chaim JosephChaim Joseph Grünbaum was born on 28 February 1895 in Łańcut, today in Poland. His parents were Israel Grünbaum and Pessel née Silbermann. He became a merchant and married Ethel née Stern (see below). The wedding took place in Munich on 17 March 1938. The couple had one daughter, Miriam (see below). The couple and their child emigrated on 30 June 1939 and settled in Nice. The whole family was caught by the Nazis in France and deported on 2 September 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. There, the three and a half years old girl and her parents were murdered by the Nazi regime.[17][18]
HERE LIVED
ELLA GRÜNBAUM
NÉE STERN
BORN 1900
ESCAPE TO ITALY 1939
DEPORTED 1942
MURDERED IN
AUSCHWITZ
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Grünbaum, EthelEthel Grünbaum née Stern, also called Ella, was born on 15 August 1900 in Piwniczna, Poland. Her parents were merchant Abraham Adolf Stern and Henriette Jetty Lotte née Grau. She was trained as a ladies' dressmaker and married Chaim Joseph Grünbaum (see above). The wedding took place in Munich on 17 March 1938. The couple had one daughter, Miriam (see below). The couple and their child emigrated on 30 June 1939 and settled in Nice. The whole family was caught by the Nazis in France and deported on 2 September 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. There, the three and a half years old girl and her parents were based on 4 September 1942.[19][18]
HERE LIVED
MIRIAM GRÜNBAUM
BORN 1939
ESCAPE TO ITALY 1939
DEPORTED 1942
MURDERED IN
AUSCHWITZ
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Grünbaum, MiriamMiriam Grünbaum was born on 8 January 1939 in Munich. Her parents were merchant Chaim Josef Grünbaum and Ethel née Stern (see above). As a baby, she and her parents emigrated to Italy. This took place on 30 June 1939. They settled in Nice. The whole family was caught by the Nazis in France and deported on 2 September 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. There, the three and a half years old girl and her parents were based on 4 September 1942.[20][21]
HERE LIVED
ROSA GÜNTHER
BORN 1886
JEHOVA'S WITNESS
ARRESTED 1936
PAMPHLET DISTRIBUTION
1937 MORINGEN
RAVENSBRÜCK
MURDERED 22.10.1942
Isartalstraße 34
48°07′13″N 11°33′38″E / 48.120141°N 11.560629°E / 48.120141; 11.560629 (Stolperstein for Rosa Günther)
Günther, RosaRosa Günther was born on 22 February 1886. She was a Jehovah's Witness and distributed flyers against the Nazi regime. On July 1 1937 she was arrested and sentenced to six months' imprisonment by Special Court of Munich. After that she was transferred to the Moringen concentration camp and on 21 February 1938 to the Lichtenburg concentration camp, then to Ravensbrück concentration camp and finally to the Auschwitz concentration camp. There, on October 22 1942, Rosa Günther was assassinated by the Nazi regime.[7]
HERE LIVED
HEINRICH PICARD
BORN 1895
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5 Picard, HeinrichHeinrich Picard was born on 13 March 1895 in Munich. His parents were merchants Louis/Ludwig Picard and Rosa née Hilb. He had two siblings, Max (born on 21 October 1898) and Sophie (born on 17 August 1905). He was a merchant and married to Johanna née Bloch (see below). The wedding took place on 2 August 1937 in Munich. The couple first lived with Johanna's mother in Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5. In January 1941, they had to move to Mathildenstraße and finally to Landwehrstraße 44. On 20 November 1941, Heinrich Picard and his wife were deported toward Eastern Europe, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. The couple and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[22][23]

His sister committed suicide in 1936. His mother died in unknown circumstances in 1941 in Munich, his father was murdered in 1942 in Theresienstadt concentration camp. His uncle Max committed suicide in 1942 in order to prevent deportation. Only his brother Max could survive the Shoah. He emigrated to Milwaukee and died there in July 1980.

HERE LIVED
JOHANNA PICARD
NÉE BLOCH
BORN 1906
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5 Picard, JohannaJohanna Picard née Bloch, also called Hansi, was born on 6 August 1906 in Munich. Her parents were Oskar Max Bloch and Franziska née Adler (see above). She green up with her parents in Sendlinger-Tor-Platz 9. She became a doctor's receptionist. In September 1934, she moved with her parents to Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5. In August 1937, she was married to Heinrich Picard (see above). The couple lived in the parental apartment. In January 1941, they had to move to Mathildenstraße and finally to Landwehrstraße 44. On 20 November 1941, Johanna Picard, her husband and her mother were deported toward Eastern Europe, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. The couple, Franziska Bloch and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[24][23]
HERE LIVED
AMALIE ROSNER
NÉE LAUFER
BORN 1877
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Rosner, Amalie MalkaAmalie Malka Rosner née Laufer was born on 10 October 1877 in Chrzanów, Poland. Her parents were Zina (?) Laufer and Chaja née Rapaport. She got to know Juda Baruch Rosner (see below), a merchant, and both moved to Munich in May 1903. Two years later, on 5 September 1905 in Chrzanów, they married. The couple had five children, all born in Munich: Rosa Leonora (born 1909), Gusta/Augusta (1913), Erna (1915), Henriette (1917) and Samuel (1920). Four of their children could emigrate after the Nazi takeover of power in Germany. Erna, Henriette and Samuel could flee to Palestine in 1936, Rosa Leonora escaped to the USA in 1938. On 20 November 1941, Amalie Malka Rosner was deported toward Eastern Europe, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. She and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[25][26]

Her husband was murdered by the Nazi regime on 25 March 1942 in Bernburg Euthanasia Centre. The fate of daughter Gusta is not known. Four granddaughters came to attend the collocation ceremony for Amalie and Baruch Rosner on 27 June 2017 in Munich: Ayala Mendelson and her sister Ilana Orin arrived from San Francisco, their cousins Terza Geva and Emi Reshef came from Tel Aviv. [27]

HERE LIVED
ERNA ROSNER
BORN 1915
ESCAPE 1936
PALESTINE
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Rosner, ErnaErna Rosner[26]
HERE LIVED
HENRIETTE ROSNER
BORN 1917
ESCAPE 1936
PALESTINE
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Rosner, HenrietteHenriette Rosner[26]
HERE LIVED
JULIUS JEHUDA
ROSNER
BORN 1880
ARRESTED
BUCHENWALD
'TRANSFERRED' 12.3.1942
BERNBURG
MURDERED 12.3.1942
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Rosner, Juda BaruchJuda Baruch Rosner was born on 21 October 1880 in Tyczyn, Poland. Her parents were merchant Salomon Rosner and Chaja née Tennenbaum . He became a merchant, got to know Amalie Maika née Laufer (see above) and they both moved to Munich in May 1903. Two years later, on 5 September 1905 in Chrzanów, they married. The couple had five children, all born in Munich: Rosa Leonora (born 1909), Gusta/Augusta (1913), Erna (1915), Henriette (1917) and Samuel (1920). Four of their children could emigrate after the Nazi takeover of power in Germany. Erna, Henriette and Samuel could flee to Palestine in 1936, Rosa Leonora escaped to the USA in 1938. On 20 November 1941, his wife was deported to Kaunas and murdered there by the Nazi regime five days later. Juda Baruch Rosner was arrested at an unknown date and deported to Buchenwald concentration camp. He was murdered by the Nazi regime on 25 March 1942 in Bernburg Euthanasia Centre.[28][29]

The fate of daughter Gusta is not known. Four granddaughters came to attend the collocation ceremony for Amalie and Baruch Rosner on 27 June 2017 in Munich: Ayala Mendelson and her sister Ilana Orin arrived from San Francisco, their cousins Terza Geva and Emi Reshef came from Tel Aviv. [27]

HERE LIVED
ROSA LEONORA
ROSNER
BORN 1909
ESCAPE 1938
USA
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Rosner, Rosa LeonoraRosa Leonora Rosner was born on 13 August 1909 in Munich. Her parents were Juda Baruch Rosner, a merchant, Amalie Maika née Laufer (both see above). She had four younger siblings, Gusta/Augusta (1913), Erna (1915), Henriette (1917) and Samuel (born 1920). In 1936, Erna, Henriette and Salomon managed to emigrate from Nazi Germany and left for Palestine. Rosa Leonora Rosner could emigrate in 1938 to the USA.[26]

Her parents were murdered by the Nazi regime. The fate of her sister Gusta is unknown.

HERE LIVED
SAMUEL ROSNER
BORN 1920
ESCAPE 1936
PALESTINE
Ickstattstraße 13
48°07′42″N 11°34′23″E / 48.128221°N 11.573037°E / 48.128221; 11.573037 (Stolpersteine for Joseph, Ella and Miriam Grünbaum and Amalie Malka, Erna, Henriette, Juda Baruch, Rosa Leonora and Samuel Rosner)
Rosner, SamuelSamuel Rosner was born on 2 February 1920 in Munich. His parents were Juda Baruch Rosner, a merchant, Amalie Maika née Laufer (both see above). He had four older sisters, Rosa Leonora (born 1909), Gusta/Augusta (1913), Erna (1915) and Henriette (1917). In 1936, he, Erna and Henriette managed to emigrate from Nazi Germany and left for Palestine. It is not known when he moved to the USA. He was married to Annette née Ty (born on 22 March 1922). He died on 24 October 2007, his wife on 27 December 2007. Both a buried at Mount Tamalpais Cemetery in San Rafael, Marin County, California.[30]

His mother was murdered by the Nazi regime on 25 November 1941 in Kaunas, his father on 25 March 1942 in Bernburg. The fate of sister Gusta is not known. [26]

HERE LIVED
ALBERT
SELIGMANN
BORN 1885
'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938
DACHAU
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5 Seligmann, AlbertAlbert Seligmann was born on 13 June 1885 in Munich. Her parents were mirror manufacturer Isidor Seligmann and Pauline née Schwabacher. He had a younger sister named Franziska (see below). He was a merchant, was single and lived in Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5, later-on in a pension in Bauerstraße 26. On 20 November 1941, Albert Seligmann and his sister were deported to Lithuania, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. The siblings and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[31][32]
HERE LIVED
FRANZISKA
SELIGMANN
BORN 1886
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5 Seligmann, FranziskaFranziska Seligmann was born on 15 June 1886 in Munich. Her parents were mirror manufacturer Isidor Seligmann and Pauline née Schwabacher. She had an older brother named Albert (see above). She was a cook, was single and lived in Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5, later-on in a pension in Bauerstraße 26. On 20 November 1941, Franziska Seligmann and her brother were deported to Lithuania, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. The siblings and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[33][29]
HIER WOHNTE
HELENE SIMONS
GEB. DEUTSCHMANN
JG. 1879
DEPORTIERT 1941
KAUNAS
ERMORDET 25.11.1941
Bayerstraße 25
48°08′21″N 11°33′40″E / 48.139188°N 11.560980°E / 48.139188; 11.560980 (Stolperstein for Helene Simons)
Simons, HeleneHelene Simons was born on 7 October 1879 in Breslau. Her parents were the factory owner Max Deutschmann and Molly born Sachs (1848-1903).[34]

She was trained as a concert singer. At the age of 20 she married Dr. Hugo Neumann, an eye doctor from Breslau. The couple moved to Berlin. Her husband fell in World War I. In 1922 she married the doctor Dr. Ernst Simons (1869-1934) who came from Neuss. Both marriages remained childless. After the retirement of her husband the couple moved to Bad Reichenhall in Bavaria, owned a villa and were befriended with the pastor and his wife. The couple Simons converted to Protestantism. After the Nazi takeover and after the death of her husband Helene Simons lost her house and had to leave the city on 3 May 1941. On June 5 1941 she took up residence in the Pension Royal in Munich's Bayerstraße. On November 12 1941 she was sent to the barrack camp at Knorrstrasse 148 and deported to the East on 20 November 1941, along with a thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally to go to Riga, but never arrived there. Helene Simons and the other passengers were shot immediately after arriving in Kaunas on 25 November 1941.[35]

This stumbling block was initiated by Sibylle Schwarzbeck, whose grandparents were close friends of Ernst and Helene Simons, and her husband. Sibylle Schwarzbeck also gave a speech at the collocation ceremony.[36]

Ickstattstraße 13 Stern, Abraham AdolfAbraham Adolf Stern [21]
Ickstattstraße 13 Stern, Adolf AronAdolf Aron Stern[37]
Ickstattstraße 13 Stern, HenrietteHenriette Stern née Grau, also called Jette,[38]
Ickstattstraße 13 Stern, WilhelmWilhelm Stern[38]
Stone Inscription Location Life and death
HERE LIVED
OTTO BINDER
BORN 1904
RESISTANCE MOVEMENT/KPD
ARRESTED 4.2.1942
TORTURED BY GESTAPO
VOLKSGERICHTSHOF
TODESURTEIL
HINGERICHTET 28.6.1944
MÜNCHEN-STADELHEIM
Augustenstraße 100 Binder, OttoOtto Binder
File:Stolperstein für Hermann Frieb (München).jpg
HERE LIVED
HERMANN FRIEB
BORN 1909
RESISTANCE MOVEMENT
ARRESTED 1942
EXECUTED 12.8.1943
STADELHEIM PRISON
Collocation planned for
Schellingstraße 78

Currently exhibited at the Kunstpavillon im Alten Botanischen Garten
Frieb, HermannHermann Frieb (de) born 11 December 1909 in Mauerkirchen, Upper Austria, murdered in Munich on 12 August 1943

[39][40][41] [42]

File:Stolperstein für Walter Klingenbeck (München).jpg
HERE LIVED
WALTER
KLINGENBECK
BORN 1924
RESISTANCE MOVEMENT
ARRESTED 1942
EXECUTED 5.8.1943
STADELHEIM PRISON
Collocation planned for
Amalienstraße 44

Currently exhibited at the Kunstpavillon im Alten Botanischen Garten
Walter Klingenbeck
Klingenbeck, WalterWalter Klingenbeck (de) was born on 30 March 1924 in Munich. He was a member of the Catholic Youth of St. Ludwig that was dissolved by the Nazis and transferred to the Hitler Youth. After completing his school, Walter began his apprenticeship as a mechanic at Rohde & Schwarz. There he met and befriended Erwin Eidel, Hans Haberl and Daniel von Recklinghausen. The four young men met regularly in Klingenbeck's apartment to listen foreign radio stations like BBC. These were considered Feindsender and it was strictly forbidden to listen to them. Following a call from BBC in August 1941, they painted the V for Victory on about 40 walls and street signs in Bogenhausen and in front of the SS barracks in Freimann. The technically gifted boys also created a short-wave transmitter and aired calls for resistance. On 26 January 1942, Walter Klingenbeck was arrested by the Gestapo, after being denounced by businesswoman Clara Dietmeyer. One day later, his friends were also imprisoned. While his friends were punished with prison sentences, Walter Klingenbeck, who took the entire responsibility, was sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof. After more then 18 months, Walter Klingenbeck was beheaded in Munich-Stadelheim on 5 August 1943. He was 19 years old.[43]

In Munich a small street is named after Klingenbeck, in Taufkirchen a junior high school bears his name.[44]

HERE LIVED
WILHELM OLSCHEWSKI
BORN 1871
RESISTANCE MOVEMENT/KPD
'PREVENTIVE CUSTODY' 1933
DACHAU
ARRESTED 4.2.1942
STADELHEIM PRISON
TORTURED
MEDICAL ASSISTENCE DENIED
DEAD 30.4.1943
Augustenstraße 100 Olschewski, WilhelmWilhelm Olschewski
HERE LIVED
WILLY OLSCHEWSKI
BORN 1902
RESISTANCE MOVEMENT/KPD
ARRESTED 1942
TORTURED BY GESTAPO
VOLKSGERICHTSHOF
DEATH SENTENCE
EXECUTED 28.6.1944
MUNICH STADELHEIM
Augustenstraße 100 Olschewski, WillyWilly Olschewski
File:Stolperstein für Antonie Pfülf (München).jpg
HERE LIVED
ANTONIE PFÜLF
BORN 1877
HUMILIATED/DISENFRANCHISED
REFUGE IN DEATH
8.6.1933
Collocation planned for
Kaulbachstraße 12

Currently exhibited at the Kunstpavillon im Alten Botanischen Garten
File:PfülfAntonie.jpg
Antonie Pfülf
Pfülf, AntonieAntonie Pfülf (de) born on 14.12.1877 in Metz, Sucid in Munich on 6th August 1933.

[45][46]

HERE LIVED
MAX SAX
BORN 1873
INTERNED IN 1909
PSYCHIATRIC WARD EGLFING-HAAR
STARVED TO DEATH 30.7.1943
Von-der-Tann-Straße 7
48°08′42″N 11°34′52″E / 48.1450137°N 11.5810073°E / 48.1450137; 11.5810073 (Stolperstein for Max Sax)
Sax, MaxMax Sax was born 1873. He was interned at the psychiatric ward in Eglfing-Haar in 1909. He was 70 years old and "incurably ill" when doctors deliberately let him starve to death. He died on 30 July 1943. As early as 1939, the director of the Eglfing clinic, the psychiatrist and neurologist Hermann Pfannmüller, wrote to the government of Oberbayern, "that we physicians in regard to medical care for life unworthy of life also draw the last conclusion in the sense of the austerity".[47] Max Sax became a victim of involuntary euthanasia by the Nazi regime.
Stolperstein Inscription Location Life and death
HERE LIVED
ERNA WILHELMINE
MITTEREDER
BORN 1925
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Römerstraße 7 Mittereder, Erna WilhelmineErna Wilhelmine Mittereder was born on 20 April 1925 in Munich. Her parents were lawyer Franz Mittereder and Rosa née Loewi (see below). The family first lived in Kaiserstrasse 33, later-on in Römerstraße 7. Erna Wilhelmine Mittereder worked as a housemaid. In June 1940, she and her mother had to move to Bauerstraße 22. On 20 November 1941, both women were deported to Lithuania, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. Mother, daughter and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[32][48][49]
HERE LIVED
ROSA MITTEREDER
NÉE LOEWI
BORN 1891
DEPORTED 1941
KAUNAS
MURDERED 25.11.1941
Römerstraße 7 Mittereder, RosaRosa Mittereder née Loewi was born on 25 March 1891 in Adelsdorf, Bavaria. Her parents were Sigmund Loewi and Agathe née Heumann. On 16 July 1923, she was married to lawyer Franz Mittereder (1885-1926). The couple had a daughter, Erna Wilhelmine (see above). The family first lived in Kaiserstrasse 33, later-on in Römerstraße 7. On 20 November 1941, Rosa Mittereder and her daughter were deported to Lithuania, together with thousand Jews from Munich. The train was originally bound to Riga, but never arrived there. Mother, daughter and all other passengers were shot immediately after arrival in Kaunas, on 25 November 1941.[37][50]
HERE LIVED
HEINRICH
OESTREICHER
BORN 1868
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 15.3.1943
Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 19
48°09′43″N 11°34′32″E / 48.16183°N 11.57563°E / 48.16183; 11.57563 (Stolperstein for Heinrich Oestreicher)
Oestreicher, HeinrichHeinrich Oestreicher was born on 12 May 1868 in Munich. His parents were Amson Oestreicher and Johanna née Levinger. He was a wholesaler for furs and wool. On 20 February 1896 he married Anna née Wirth (1869-1935). The couple had two children, Maximilian (born on 15 May 1898) and Erna (born on 19 September 1899). He lived in Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 19. In this building there were three Jewish families. Two families could emigrate to the USA. In 1939 he had to leave his apartment and had to move four times to different collective flats. From February to May 1942 he was interned at the hutment in the Knorrstraße 148. On 23 July 1942 Heinrich Oestreicher was deported with transport II/18 from Munich to Theresienstadt concentration camp.[51] He was murdered by the Nazi regime on 15 March 1943.[52]
HERE LIVED
AMALIE SCHUSTER
NÉE REICHENBERGER
BORN 1884
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 30.4.1944
Franz-Joseph-Straße 19
48°09′28″N 11°34′51″E / 48.157657°N 11.580811°E / 48.157657; 11.580811 (Stolperstein for Amalie and Joseph Schuster)
Schuster, AmalieAmalie Schuster née Reichenberger was born on 31 March 1884 in Munich. His parents were merchant Benzion Reichenberger and Rosa née Reichenberg. She married Joseph Schuster, a merchant (see below). The wedding took place on 2 March 1911 in Munich. The couple lived in Widenmayerstraße 46/III, later-on in Franz-Joseph-Straße 1. Starting in 1938, when her husband was not allowed to work any longer, the couple depended on support from relatives in Germany and from abroad. On 18 July 1942, Amalie Schuster and her husband were deported by transport II/17 from Munich to Theresienstadt concentration camp. Their transport numbers were 840 and 841. Husband and wife both lost their lives in Theresienstadt. Joseph Schuster died on 23 January 1943, Amalie Schuster on 2 May 1944.[53][54]
HERE LIVED
JOSEPH SCHUSTER
BORN 1873
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 23.1.1943
Franz-Joseph-Straße 19
48°09′28″N 11°34′51″E / 48.157657°N 11.580811°E / 48.157657; 11.580811 (Stolperstein for Amalie and Joseph Schuster)
Schuster, JosephJoseph Schuster was born on 5 July 1873 in Cologne. His parents were Bernhard and Emilie Schuster. He attended high school in his hometown. Therafter he lived in England for one year, in France for 18 years and in Switzerland for four years. He became a merchant and married Amalie née Reichenberger (see above). The wedding took place on 2 March 1911 in Munich. The couple lived in Widenmayerstraße 46/III, later-on in Franz-Joseph-Straße 1. In 1926 he became an agent for gunny sacks. In 1938, he had to quit his profession. Thereafter he and his wife depended on support from relatives in Germany and from abroad. On 18 July 1942, Joseph Schuster and his wife were deported by transport II/17 from Munich to Theresienstadt concentration camp. Their transport numbers were 840 and 841. Husband and wife lost their lives in Theresienstadt. According to the death certificate, Joseph Schuster died an 23 January 1943 at 7 o'clock in room 117 of building Q 306. The official cause of death was Angina pectoris (Herzbräune).[55][56]
HERE LIVED
JEANETTE WEISS
NÉE BAUER
BORN 1871
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 8.8.1942
Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 16
48°09′43″N 11°34′34″E / 48.162019°N 11.57621°E / 48.162019; 11.57621 (Stolpersteine for Jeanette, Julie Katharina and Leopold Weiss)
Weiss, JeanetteJeanette Weiss née Bauer was born on 27 March 1871 in Vienna. Her parents were Heinrich Bauer und Magdalena née Hamburger. She was married to Emanuel Weiß (1869-1925), a manufacturer of furniture. The couple had ten children, all but one born in Munich.[57] She became a furniture dealer. On 5 June 1942, Jeanette Weiss was deported by transport II/2 to Theresienstadt concentration camp. The next day, her handicapped daughter Julie Katharina was also deported to Theresienstadt. Jeanette Weiss lost her life there on 6 August 1942.[58][59]

Already during her lifetime, three of her sons were murdered by the Nazi regime: Leopold on 20 June 1941 in Dachau concentration camp (see below), Joseph on 25 November 1941 in Kaunas and Friedrich on 27 May 1942 in Berlin-Plötzensee. Her daughter Julie Katharina Weiss (see below) was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on 19 October 1944 and was murdered there. Her daughter Rosa Vetter, who lived in Traunstein since 1933, could survive the Shoah.

HERE LIVED
JULIA KATHARINA
WEISS
BORN 1901
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED IN
AUSCHWITZ
Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 16
48°09′43″N 11°34′34″E / 48.162019°N 11.57621°E / 48.162019; 11.57621 (Stolpersteine for Jeanette, Julie Katharina and Leopold Weiss)
Weiss, Julie KatharinaJulie Katharina Weiss was born on 30 May 1901 in Munich. Her parents were Emanuel Weiss and Jeanette née Bauer (see above). She had nine siblings.[57] She suffered from a severe spinal curvature and was paralyzed on both legs. For several times, she underwent long-time inpatient treatment at the sanatorium Neufriedenheim in Fürstenrieder Straße, at last from March 1936 to June 1941. Her mother was deported on 5 June 1942 to Theresienstadt concentration camp. The next day, also Julie Katharina Weiss was deported to Theresienstadt by transport II/3. Her mother lost her life there on 6 August 1942. On 19 October 1944, Julie Katharina Weiss was deported with transport Es to Auschwitz concentration camp. Her transport number was 334 of 1,500. She was murdered there by the Nazi regime.[60][61]

Also three of her brothers were murdered by the Nazi regime, Leopold in Dachau (see below), Joseph in Kaunas and Friedrich in Berlin-Plötzensee.

HERE LIVED
LEOPOLD WEISS
BORN 1899
ARRESTED 1939
SACHSENHAUSEN
DACHAU
MURDERED 20.6.1941
Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 16
48°09′43″N 11°34′34″E / 48.162019°N 11.57621°E / 48.162019; 11.57621 (Stolpersteine for Jeanette, Julie Katharina and Leopold Weiss)
Weiss, LeopoldLeopold Weiss was born on 27 February 1899 in Munich. His parents were Emanuel Weiss and Jeanette née Bauer (see above). He had nine siblings.[57] He became a merchant. On 31 May 1928 he married Margarete née Doppers (born on 29 December 1899 in Duisburg). The wedding took place in Frankfurt/Oder where also the first child of the couple was born. Altogether Leopold and Margarete Weiss had three children, Renate (born on 7 May 1928), Herbert (born on 15 August 1929) and Ellen (born on 15 August 1934), the latter both born in Munich. The couple was divorced later-on. Leopold Weiss was arrested and deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp on 30 October 1939. He was murdered by the Nazi regime at Dachau concentration camp on 20 June 1941.[62]

His mother lost her life in Theresienstadt concentration camp. At least three of his siblings were also murdered by the Nazi regime, Joseph in Kaunas, Friedrich in Berlin-Plötzensee and Julie Katharina (see above) in Auschwitz.

HERE LIVED
JUDITH ZIEGLER
NÉE GRÜNBERG
BORN 1864
DEPORTED 1943
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 11.5.1943
Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 14
48°09′43″N 11°34′35″E / 48.162024°N 11.576259°E / 48.162024; 11.576259 (Stolperstein for Judith Ziegler)
Ziegler, JudithJudith Ziegler née Grünberg was born on 25 December1864 in Kuldīga, Latvia. Her parents were Heimann Grünberg and Jessi née Brode. On 5 August 1885 she married Hermann Ziegler (1859-1934), a general manager. The wedding took place in Breslau, today Poland. The couple moved to Munich in 1931. Judith Ziegler became a widow. She was deported by transport XX to Theresienstadt concentration camp on 20 April 1943. She lost her life there within one month, on 11 May 1943.[63]
Stolperstein Inscription Location Life and death
HERE LIVED
BETTY BERGER
BORN 1893
DEPORTED 20.11.1941
MURDERED 25.11.1941
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine for Betty, Esther, Hanna and Simon Berger and Julia Früh)
Berger , BettyBetty Berger born Sufrin or Sufryn was born on December 4 1893 in Tyczyn, Galizia. Her first name is also given with Brenda or Babette. Her parents were Leib Wolf Sufryn, a merchant, and Gisela, also Golde, born Teitelbaum. In 1926 she married the merchant Simon Berger (see below) and became a merchant too. The couple had two daughters, Esther and Hanna, born in Munich in 1929 and 1930 (see below). From May 1940 onwards the family was always looking for accommodation and was temporarily accommodated in the overnight accommodation center of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde München und Oberbayern. On November 20 1941 Betty Berger, the husband and the two daughters, together with a thousand Jews, were deported from Munich to Lithuania. The train was originally to reach Riga, but never arrived there. All passengers of this train were shot immediately after their arrival in Kaunas on 25 November 1941, including the Berger family.[64]
HERE LIVED
ESTHER BERGER
BORN 1929
DEPORTED 20.11.1941
MURDERED 25.11.1941
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine for Betty, Esther, Hanna and Simon Berger and Julia Früh)
Berger , EstherEsther Berger, born on 11 June 1929 in Munich, was the older daughter of Simon Berger (see below) and Betty born Sufrin (see above). She had a younger sister, Hanna (see below). On November 20 1941 the two sisters and their parents, together with a thousand Jews, were deported from Munich to Lithuania. The train was originally to reach Riga, but never arrived there. All passengers of this train were shot immediately after their arrival in Kaunas on 25 November 1941, including the Berger family.[64]
HERE LIVED
HANNA BERGER
BORN 1930
DEPORTED 20.11.1941
MURDERED 25.11.1941
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine for Betty, Esther, Hanna and Simon Berger and Julia Früh)
Berger , HannaHanna Berger was born on 17 December 1930 in Munich. Her parents were the merchants Simon Berger (see below) and Betty born Sufrin (see above). She had an older sister, Esther (see above). On November 20 1941 the two sisters and their parents, together with a thousand Jews, were deported from Munich to Lithuania. The train was originally to reach Riga, but never arrived there. All passengers of this train were shot immediately after arriving in Kaunas on 25 November 1941, including the 10-year-old student.[64]
HERE LIVED
SIMON BERGER
BORN 1896
DEPORTED 20.11.1941
MURDERED 25.11.1941
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine for Betty, Esther, Hanna and Simon Berger and Julia Früh)
Berger , SimonSimon Berger was born on 4 December 1893 in Sokolov, Galicia. His parents were Pinkus Berger, a merchant, and Sima born Kaufmann. In 1926 he married the merchant Betty born Sufrin (see above). The couple had two daughters, Esther and Hanna, born in Munich in 1929 and 1930 (see above). In May 1940 the family had to move out of the family apartment on Theklastraße 3 / III and temporarily stay at the overnight accommodation center of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde München und Oberbayern. From July 1940 to November 1 1941 they found lodging in a group apartment in the Kreisstrasse 3. The last weeks before the deportation they again spent the transition home. On 20 November 1941 Simon Berger, the wife and the two daughters were deported from Munich to Lithuania together with a thousand Jews. The train was originally to reach Riga, but never arrived there. All passengers of this train were shot immediately after their arrival in Kaunas on 25 November 1941, including the Berger family.[64]
HERE LIVED
JULIA FRÜH
NÉE BÄR
BORN 1874
DEPORTED 16.7.1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED IN
TREBLINKA
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine for Betty, Esther, Hanna and Simon Berger and Julia Früh)
Früh , JuliaJulia Früh born Bär was born on January 6 1874 in Heilbronn. Her parents were Hellmann Bär, a merchant and Sophie born Mendle. She had at least one younger sister, Natalie Mayer (see below). She married the brickyard owner Max Früh (born on February 8 1861 in Langenzenn). The couple had three children: Michael, Emil and Meta. Munich Residences are proven from October 1898, first in the Lindwurmstraße, then for 28 years at St.-Anna-Platz 2 / I and from April 1927 in the Kyreinstraße 3 / II re. On January 5 1942 she was stopped at the Clemens-August-Strasse 9 / I Detention Center. On July 16 1942 Julia Früh, her sister and her husband were deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp in Transport II / 16. Their transport numbers were 789 to 791. On 19 September 1942 they were deported with Transport Bo to the Treblinka extermination camp. Their transport numbers were 1298 to 1300 of 2003. There Julia's early sister and brother-in-law were murdered.[2][65]
KAUFHAUS GUTMANN
SINCE 1912
HERE WORKED

EMANUEL GUTMANN
NÉE MARX
BORN 1873
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 1943
Lindwurmstraße 205
48°07′20″N 11°32′38″E / 48.122089°N 11.543811°E / 48.122089; 11.543811 (Stolpersteine for Sophie and Emanuel Gutmann)
Gutmann, EmanuelEmanuel Gutmann was born on 29 December 1873 in Gemmingen. His parents were Adolf Gutmann, a merchant and Babette born Sontheimer. In early 1893 he moved to Munich. He married Sophie born Marx (see below). In 1910 the couple bought the House Lindwurmstraße 205, in 1912 they built the "Gutmann Mansion" there, which they ran together.

In the context of the so-called "Aryanization" Emanuel Gutmann was under duress a waiver of the house and operation demanded. After Kristallnacht in November 1938 he was deported to the Dachau Concentration Camp and returned seriously ill. In September 1941 the couple had to leave their apartment in Elisabethstraße 30 / I and move to the nursing home of Jewish Community of Munich and Upper Bavaria at Kaulbachstraße 65. On March 16 1942 they were interned in the barrack camp at Knorrstraße 148. On June 23 1942 they there deported from Munich to the Theresienstadt concentration camp by Transport II / 8. Emanuel Gutmann was murdered there on 24 October 1943 by the Nazi regime.[2][66]

His wife died one Year later, also in Theresienstadt.

KAUFHAUS GUTMANN
SINCE 1912
HERE WORKED

SOFIE GUTMANN
NÉE MARX
BORN 1878
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 1944
Lindwurmstraße 205
48°07′20″N 11°32′38″E / 48.122089°N 11.543811°E / 48.122089; 11.543811 (Stolpersteine for Sophie and Emanuel Gutmann)
Gutmann, SophieSophie Gutmann born Marx was born on 16 May 1878 in Heilbronn. Her parents were Elias Marx, a butcher and Fanny born Ottensheimer. She had at least five siblings including Louis Marx (1873-1943), Therese Klugmann (1874-1966), Benno Marx (1883-1968) and Carolene / Karoline Mayer. At the beginning of 1901 she moved to Munich. She married Emanuel Gutmann (see above). Together with her husband she led from 1912 the Kaufhaus Gutmann in the Lindwurmstraße 205. House and Company were "Aryanized", the husband came to the Dachau concentration camp and was discharged severely ill. In September 1941 the couple had to leave their apartment in Elisabethstraße 30 / I and move to the nursing home of Jewish Community of Munich and Upper Bavaria at Kaulbachstraße 65. On March 16 1942 they were interned in the barrack camp at Knorrstraße 148. On June 23 1942 she was deported from Munich to the Theresienstadt concentration camp by Transport II / 8. Emanuel Gutmann was murdered there on 24 October 1943 by the Nazi regime, Sophie Gutmann on 11 October 1944.[2][67]

At least two of her siblings, Louis and Caroline, there murdered too.

HERE LIVED
EUGENIE ISAAC
NÉE LAY
BORN 1867
DEPORTED 1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED 29.1.1943
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolperstein for Eugenie Isaac)
Isaac, EugenieEugenie Isaac born Lay born on 7 August 1867 in Pforzheim. Her parents were Adolf Lay and Louise née Bodenheim. She was married to Jakob Isaac, a merchant. The couple lived in Cologne and had two childen, Gertrud (born on 19 March 1896) and Adolf (born on 27 November 1897). Her husband died already on 21 March 1901 in Cologne. In 1909 the widow moved to Munich. In May of 1942 she was forced to live in hovel in Knorrstraße 148. Some weeks later, on 24 June 1942 she was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp. There she died on 29 January 1943.[68]

The fate of her children is not known.

HERE LIVED
WILHELM MAMMA
BORN 1902
DEPORTED 20.11.1942
MURDERED 25.11.1942
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine Kyreinstr. 3)
Mamma , WilhelmWilhelm Mamma wurde am 27. Februar 1902 in Bozen (Südtirol) geboren. Seine Eltern waren Bernhard Mamma, ein Kaufmann in München, und Anna geb. Schwarz (1878–1938). Er hatte zwei Schwestern und einen Bruder.[69] 1927 zog er nach München, 1931 heiratete er Jetty geb. Spieler (geboren am 31. Juli 1906 in München). Die Ehe wurde später geschieden. Am 20. November 1941 wurde er gemeinsam mit tausend Juden aus München nach Litauen deportiert. Der Zug sollte ursprünglich Riga erreichen, kam aber nie dort an. Wilhelm Mamma und alle anderen Passagiere dieses Zuges wurden sofort nach der Ankunft in Kaunas am 25. November 1941 erschossen.[2]

Seine ältere Schwester Frieda Hajek wurde nach Ujazdów deportiert und ebenfalls von den Nazis ermordet. Sein Bruder konnte in Bratislava überleben, seine jüngere Schwester in München.

HERE LIVED
DAVID MAYER
BORN 1873
DEPORTED 16.7.1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED IN
TREBLINKA
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine Kyreinstr. 3)
Mayer , DavidDavid Mayer wurde am 15. Mai 1873 in Kitzingen am Main geboren. Seine Eltern waren Moses Mayer, ein Kaufmann, und Ida geb. Mainzer. Am 2. März 1909 heiratete er in Heilbronn Natalie geb. Bär (siehe unten). Das Paar hatte einen Sohn, Alfred (geboren am 12. Dezember 1909 in Rosenheim). 1924 übersiedelte die Familie von Rosenheim nach München und wohnte durchgehend bis zur Deportation in der Kyreinstraße 3/II. Am 16. Juli 1942 wurden David und Natalie Mayer gemeinsam mir Natalies Schwester Julia Früh mit dem Transport II/16 in das Konzentrationslager Theresienstadt deportiert. Ihre Transportnummern waren 789 bis 791. Am 19. September 1942 wurden sie mit Transport Bo in das Vernichtungslager Treblinka deportiert. Ihre Transportnummern waren 1298 bis 1300 von 2003. Dort wurden beide ermordet, ebenso die Schwester seiner Frau.[2][70]
HERE LIVED
NATALIE MAYER
NÉE BÄR
BORN 1878
DEPORTED 16.7.1942
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED IN
TREBLINKA
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine Kyreinstr. 3)
Mayer , NatalieNatalie Mayer geb. Bär wurde am 11. Dezember 1878 in Heilbronn geboren. Ihre Eltern waren Hellmann Bär, ein Kaufmann, und Sophie geb. Mendle. Sie hatte zumindest eine ältere Schwester, Julia Früh (siehe oben). Am 2. März 1909 heiratete sie in Heilbronn den Kaufmann David Mayer (siehe oben). Das Paar hatte einen Sohn, Alfred (geboren am 12. Dezember 1909 in Rosenheim). 1924 übersiedelte die Familie von Rosenheim nach München und wohnte durchgehend bis zur Deportation in der Kyreinstraße 3/II. Am 16. Juli 1942 wurden Natalie Mayer, ihr Ehemann und ihre Schwester mit dem Transport II/16 in das Konzentrationslager Theresienstadt deportiert. Ihre Transportnummern waren 789 bis 791. Am 19. September 1942 wurden sie mit Transport Bo in das Vernichtungslager Treblinka deportiert. Ihre Transportnummern waren 1298 bis 1300 von 2003. Dort wurden Ehepaar und Schwester ermordet.[2][71]
HERE LIVED
IRMA REISS
NÉE KULLMANN
BORN 1892
DEPORTED 20.11.1942
MURDERED 25.11.1942
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine Kyreinstr. 3)
Reiß, IrmaIrma Reiß wurde am 23. Juli 1892 in Busenberg geboren. Ihre Eltern waren Benedikt Kullmann, ein Kaufmann und Ida geb. Vollmer. Sie heiratete 1919 Richard Samuel Reiß (siehe unten) und wurde Hausfrau. Das Paar hatte drei Kinder, Oskar (geb. am 6. Mai 1921 in Bad Dürkheim), Helene (geboren am 25. Juli 1926 in München) und Wolfgang (geb. am 26. Dezember 1932 in München, siehe unten). Das Paar musste 1940 die Wohnung in der Mandlstraße 1a/I verlassen und lebte danach in der Kyreinstraße 3. Am 20. November 1941 wurden Irma Reiß, ihr Ehemann und ihr jüngerer Sohn gemeinsam mit tausend Juden aus München nach Litauen deportiert. Der Zug sollte ursprünglich Riga erreichen, kam aber nie dort an. Die Reiß-Familie und alle anderen Passagiere dieses Deportationszuges wurden sofort nach der Ankunft in Kaunas am 25. November 1941 erschossen.[2]

Der Bericht über ihren Tod wurde von ihrem Sohn Oskar im Jahr 1994 an Yad Vashem übermittelt. Er berichtete auch über die Morde an Vater und Bruder, an beiden Großelternpaaren und an seiner Tante Alice. Zu dieser Zeit lebte er in Denver, Colorado.[72][73] Am 1. April 2017 trat Dr. Oscar Kully Reiss in einer Episode von Hometown Heroes auf und berichtete, dass auch seine Schwester Helene die Shoah in den USA überleben konnte, "indem ihr von Familienmitgliedern im Elsaß-Lothringen geholfen wurde, nachdem der Krieg in Europa ausgebrochen war."[74] Er war damals 95 Jahre alt.

HERE LIVED
RICHARD REISS
BORN 1890
DEPORTED 20.11.1942
MURDERED 25.11.1942
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine Kyreinstr. 3)
Reiß, RichardRichard Reiß wurde am 10. Juni 1890 in Rödersheim geboren. Seine Eltern waren Elias Reiß, ein Viehhändler, und Rosa geb. Vollmer. Er hatte zumindest eine Schwester, Alice (geb. 1894). Er wurde ebenfalls Viehhändler und war ab 1919 mit Irma geb. Kullmann verheiratet (siehe oben). Das Paar hatte drei Kinder, Oskar (geb. am 6. Mai 1921 in Bad Dürkheim), Helene (geboren am 25. Juli 1926 in München) und Wolfgang (siehe unten). 1940 musste die Familie die Wohnung in der Mandlstraße 1a/I räumen und in die Kreisstraße 3 übersiedeln. Am 20. November 1941 wurden Richard Reiß, seine Frau und deren Sohn Wolfgang nach Litauen deportiert. Der Zug sollte ursprünglich Riga erreichen, kam aber nie dort an. Die Familie Reiß wurde sofort nach der Ankunft in Kaunas am 25. November 1941 erschossen.[2]

Auch seine Eltern und seine Schwester wurden vom NS-Regime ermordet. Sein älterer Sohn und seine Tochter waren von den Eltern weggeschickt worden und konnten die Shoah in den USA überleben.

HERE LIVED
WOLFGANG REISS
BORN 1932
DEPORTED 20.11.1942
MURDERED 25.11.1942
KAUNAS
Kyreinstraße 3
48°07′12″N 11°32′58″E / 48.12004°N 11.549581°E / 48.12004; 11.549581 (Stolpersteine Kyreinstr. 3)
Reiß, WolfgangWolfgang Reiß wurde am 26. Dezember 1932 in München geboren. Seine Eltern waren Richard Reiß und Irma geb. Kullmann (siehe oben). Er hatte zwei ältere Geschwister, Oskar und Helene. Er war ein Schuljunge. Die letzten Tage vor der Deportation verbrachte er in einem Pflegeheim für jüdische Kinder. Am 20. November 1941 wurden Wolfgang Reiß und seine Eltern nach Litauen deportiert. Alle drei wurden sofort nach der Ankunft in Kaunas am 25. November 1941 erschossen. Der Junge war noch nicht neun Jahre alt.[64]

Alle seine Großeltern wurden vom NS-Regime ermordet, auch seine Tante Alice. Seine Geschwister könnten in der Emigration überleben.

Verlegedaten

[edit]

[[Datei:Gunter Demnig Stolpersteinverlegung München Juni 2017 01.jpg|mini|Gunter Demnig verlegt in München, Juni 2017]]

Die Stolpersteine in München wurden von Gunter Demnig an folgenden Tagen persönlich verlegt:

  • 1. September 2007: Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 19 (1 Stolperstein)
  • 12. August 2008: Viktor-Scheffel-Straße 14 und 16 (4)
  • 17. Mai 2009: Haydnstraße 12 (2), Kyreinstraße 3 (11)
  • 20. November 2011: Kyreinstraße 3 (Eugenie Isaac)
  • 18. April 2013: Lindwurmstraße 205 (2), Widenmayerstraße 16/Hauseingang Liebigstraße (3)
  • 21. Dezember 2013: Entenbachstraße 45 (2)
  • 22. Mai 2014: Von-der-Tann-Straße 7 (1)
  • 3. Juli 2016: Widenmayerstraße 16/Hauseingang Liebigstraße (Ernst Basch)
  • 4. Juli 2016: Bayerstraße 25 (1), Franz-Joseph-Straße 19 (2)
  • 27. Juni 2017: Ickstattstraße 13 (13), Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 5 und Römerstraße 7 (8)
  • 14 October 2017: Augustenstraße 98 (3), Baumstraße 4, Landwehrstraße 20, Pestalozzistraße 36
[edit]

Einzelnachweise

[edit]
  1. ^ Rudolf Stumberger:In München darf niemand stolpern in neues deutschland 1 December 2012
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 23 October 2017(with a portrait)
  3. ^ "Wolfgang Görl: [Neue Stolpersteine für ermordete Juden verlegt - trotz Verbots], Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 4 July 2016, retrieved on 23 October 2017
  4. ^ Trove: The fascist : his state and his mind / by E.B. Ashton (pseud.), retrieved on 23 October 2017
  5. ^ a b Allianz: Die „Arisierung“ des Geschäftshauses Kaufingerstrasse in München, retrieved on 23 October 2017
  6. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 23 October 2017
  7. ^ a b Verein Lila Winkel: Stolpersteinverlegung für 2 Zeuginnen Jehovas, 21 December 2013, retrieved on 20 July 2017
  8. ^ Reinhard Weber: Das Schicksal der jüdischen Rechtsanwälte in Bayern nach 1933, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2006, S. 24
  9. ^ The Stoleprstein for Olga Benario-Prestes was collocated on 12 February in Berlin-Neukölln]
  10. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved in 25 October 2017 (with a portait)
  11. ^ holocaust.cz: EUGENIE BENARIO, retrieved in 25 October 2017
  12. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 26 October 2017 (with a portrait)
  13. ^ holocaust.cz: OTTO BENARIO, retrieved on 26 October 2017
  14. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  15. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  16. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017
  17. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017
  18. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  19. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017
  20. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017
  21. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  22. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  23. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  24. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  25. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 20 July 2017
  26. ^ a b c d e Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  27. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: Auf den Spuren der Ermordeten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  28. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 20 July 2017
  29. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  30. ^ BillionGraves: Samuel Rosner, retrieved on 20 July 2017 (with a picture of the grave)
  31. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  32. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  33. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 16 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  34. ^ Gravestone of Molly Deutschmann née Sachs, retrieved on 26 October 2017
  35. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 26 October 2017 (with a portrait)
  36. ^ : Stolpersteine auch in München! – Zu den drei Verlegungen am 4. Juli 2016, retrieved on 26 October 2017 (with a portraitt)
  37. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  38. ^ a b Wolfgang Görl: 21 Stolpersteine für die Opfer der Nationalsozialisten, Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich), 27 June 2017, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  39. ^ holocaust.cz: [], retrieved on 13 June 2017
  40. ^ MyHeritage: [], retrieved on 13 June 2017
  41. ^ geni.com: [], retrieved on 13 June 2017
  42. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: [], retrieved on 27 May 2017
  43. ^ Initiative Stolpersteine für München e.V.: Dem Gedenken Namen und Orte geben – Zum 70. Todestag von Walter Klingenbeck, 5 May 2013, retrieved on 16 July 2017
  44. ^ münchen.de: Walter-Klingenbeck-Weg, retrieved on 16 July 2017
  45. ^ Mein Herz schlägt links: 80. Todestag von Toni Pfülf, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  46. ^ MyHeritage: [], retrieved on 13 June 2017
  47. ^ Karl Stankiewitz: Das organisierte Morden in Haar, Abendzeitung (Munich), 22 May 2014, retrieved on 13 June 2017
  48. ^ MyHeritage: Search for Erna Wilhelmine Mittereder, (with a portrait of the young woman)
  49. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  50. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  51. ^ holocaust.cz: HEINRICH ÖSTREICHER, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  52. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  53. ^ holocaust.cz: AMALIE SCHUSTER, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  54. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  55. ^ holocaust.cz: JOSEF SCHUSTER, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a death certificate)
  56. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  57. ^ a b c The children of Emanuel and Jeannette Weiss were:
    • Joseph (born on 12 April 1894 in Vienna),
    • Johann/Hans (born on 21 February 1897),
    • Leopold (born 1899, see below),
    • Adolf (1900-1917),
    • Julie Katharina (born 1901),
    • Friedrich (born on 15 February 1903),
    • Leo (born on 21 May 1904),
    • Magdalena (born on 11 December 1905),
    • Rosa (born on 5 August 1907, later married as Vetter) and
    • Henriette (born on 1 May 1911).
    See Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (Keywords Jeanette Weiss, Julie Katharina Weiß and Leopold Weiß)
  58. ^ holocaust.cz: JEANETTE WEISS, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  59. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  60. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  61. ^ holocaust.cz: JULIA WEISS, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  62. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017
  63. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 19 July 2017 (with a portrait)
  64. ^ a b c d e Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 28 October 2017
  65. ^ holocaust.cz: JULIE FRÜH, retrieved on 5 August 2017
  66. ^ holocaust.cz: EMANUEL GUTMANN, retrieved on 12 November 2017
  67. ^ holocaust.cz: SOPHIE GUTMANN, retrieved on 14 Novenber 2017
  68. ^ Stadtarchiv München: Biographisches Gedenkbuch der Münchner Juden 1933-1945, retrieved on 5 August 2017 (with a portrait)
  69. ^ Die Geschwister von Wilhelm Mamma waren:
    • Frieda Hajek (geboren am 17. Januar 1901 in Bozen)
    • Johanna Gmeiner (geboren am 13. Juli 1905 in Gries bei Bozen)
    • Philipp (geboren am 17. September 1912 in München).
  70. ^ holocaust.cz: DAVID MAYER, abgerufen am 5. August 2017
  71. ^ holocaust.cz: NATALIE MAYER, abgerufen am 5. August 2017
  72. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: IRMA REISS, abgerufen am 4. August 2017
  73. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Reports submitted by Oscar Kully Reiss, abgerufen am 5. August 2017
  74. ^ Hometown Heroes: Survivor, Soldier, Scientist, 1. April 2017, abgerufen am 4. August 2017.