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User:Donald Trung/Vietnamese văn (currency unit)

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This page serves as "the editing history" of the English Wikipedia article "Vietnamese văn (currency unit)" and is preserved for attribution.  Published. --Donald Trung (talk) 15:49, 19 March 2019 (UTC) .

Original draft

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[[File:Annam TuDuc monnaiebillet 60van 2ar85 (8547268957).jpg|thumb|right|A [[Tự Đức Bảo Sao]] (嗣德寶鈔) with a [[nominal value]] of 60 văn.]] The '''Vietnamese văn''' ([[Hán tự]]: 文; [[French language|French]]: ''Sapèque'') as a [[denomination]] for [[Vietnamese cash]] coins was used from 1868 until 1885 during the reign of the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] (but appeared on cash coins until 1945). The inspiration to introduce the văn may have been to emulate the [[Chinese cash (currency unit)|Chinese ''wén'']] used on [[Qing dynasty coinage|contemporary Qing dynasty cash coins]] which had just become a [[fiat currency]], however unlike the Chinese system where all [[Cash (Chinese coin)|Chinese cash coins]] were cast from the same metals the and the ''wén'' was the primary unit of account, the Vietnamese system used the văn as a basic number currency symbol indicating how much [[zinc]] cash coins a [[brass]] cash coin was worth, while it used the ''[[Cash (Chinese coin)#Stringing of cash coins|quán]]'' and ''[[Vietnamese mạch|mạch]]'' as units of account. It was abolished as a measurement for zinc cash coins when the [[French Indochinese piastre]] was introduced,<ref>Jean-Pascal Bassino and Hironobu Nakagawa, Exchange Rates and Exchange Rate Policies in Vietnam Under French Rule, 1878-1945</ref> after which the term still appeared on Vietnamese cash coins but represented a subdivision of the piastre known in French as ''sapèque'' as the production of zinc coinage was ceased by the Imperial government of the Nguyễn dynasty around the year 1871.<ref name="JEAN2I">{{Cite web|url= https://issuu.com/jean388/docs/the_second_issue_of_jean/81|title=Sapeque and Sapeque-Like Coins in Cochinchina and Indochina (交趾支那和印度支那穿孔錢幣)|date=20 April 2016|accessdate=4 March 2018|work=Howard A. Daniel III (The Journal of East Asian Numismatics – Second issue)|language=en}}</ref> The French ''sapèque'' was worth {{Frac|600}} of a piastre (a currency based on the [[Mexican peso]]) and represented Vietnamese cash coins in general.<ref name="Lemire">{{cite web|url= http://www.historicvietnam.com/saigon-cholon-in-1868/|title= Saigon-Cholon in 1868, by Charles Lemire.|date=29 December 2015|accessdate=4 March 2019|author= timdolinghcmc@gmail.com|publisher= First published in the 1869 journal Annales des voyages, de la géographie, de l’histoire et de l’archéologie, edited by Victor-Adolphe Malte-Brun, Charles Lemire’s article “Coup d’oeil sur la Cochinchine Française et le Cambodge” gives us a fascinating portrait of Saigon-Chợ Lớn less than 10 years after the arrival of the French.|language=en}}</ref> The [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] term văn (文) would appear on the [[Thành Thái Thông Bảo]] (成泰通寶), [[Duy Tân Thông Bảo]] (維新通寶), and [[Bảo Đại Thông Bảo]] (保大通寶) cash coins produced under [[French Indochina|French rule]], the last of these was officially produced until 1945.<ref>French Southeast Asia Coins & Currency by Howard A. Daniel III (page 97).</ref><ref>[http://art-hanoi.com/collection/annam/baodai.html 保大 Bảo Đại 1926-1945 cash coins] By Sema (Art-Hanoi) Cash coins of Bao Dai were the last cash-style coins produced in the world. Retrieved: 19 March 2019</ref> == History == [[File:Tự Đức Thông Bảo (嗣德通寶) - Art-Hanoi 06.jpg|thumb|left|A Tự Đức Thông Bảo (嗣德通寶) cash coin with the reverse inscription "六文" indicating that it was worth six pieces of zinc cash coins.]] It first used by official decree in January 1868 during the reign of the [[Tự Đức]] Emperor which decreed that "the value of the large module [[copper]] cash coin passed to 6 (zinc) and the small copper coin to 4 zinc". In 1872 the first brass [[Tự Đức Thông Bảo]] (嗣德通寶) cash coins with the monetary unit văn were cast in [[Hanoi]], these cash coins has weight of 7 phần and had the reverse inscription "Lục Văn" (六文) on them indicating that these coins were worth 6 zinc cash coins. The introduction of this new currency symbol marked the change in the relationship between Vietnamese cash coins made from copper and cash coins of zinc and it ''[[de facto]]'' increased the value of the Vietnamese brass cash currency. In November 1879 the official value of 6 copper phần was equal to 6 sapèques of zinc. However the foreign cash coinages as well as imitation (counterfeit) Vietnamese cash coins made of inferior alloys that circulated in Vietnam at the time were exchanged for only 3 cash coins of zinc.<ref name="RevueNumismatique1999">Art-Hanoi [http://art-hanoi.com/library/articlethierry.pdf CURRENCY TYPES AND THEIR FACE VALUES DURING THE TỰ ĐỨC ERA.] This is a translation of the article “Monnaies et circulation monetairé au Vietnam dans l’ère Tự Đức (1848-1883) by Francois Thierry Published in Revue Numismatique 1999 (volume # 154). Pgs 267-313. This translation is from pages 274-297. Translator: Craig Greenbaum. Retrieved: 15 April 2018.</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Sources == * [[Eduardo Toda y Güell]] (1882) [http://art-hanoi.com/toda ANNAM and its minor currency.] Hosted Art-Hanoi. ([[:File:Annam and its minor currency (Toda) from Art-Hanoi.pdf|Wikimedia Commons]]) * Dr. R. Allan Barker. (2004) ''The historical Cash Coins of Viet Nam''. {{ISBN|981-05-2300-9}} {{Nguyễn dynasty coins}} {{Vietnamese currency and coinage}} [[:Category:Currencies of Vietnam]] [[:Category:Modern obsolete currencies]] [[:Category:Economic history of Vietnam]] .

Redirects

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  • #REDIRECT [[Vietnamese văn (currency unit)]]
  1. Vietnamese Văn (currency unit).
  2. Vietnamese cash (currency unit).
  3. Vietnamese Cash (currency unit).
  4. Vietnamese van (currency unit)
  5. Vietnamese Van (currency unit)
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