User:Donald Trung/Qing fixes

Target: List of Chinese cash coins by inscription#Qing dynasty.

Qing dynasty

Qing dynasty era cash coins generally bear the reign title of the Emperor in Chinese characters, with only a single change of reign title occurring with the Qixiang Emperor becoming the Tongzhi Emperor by decision of his mother, Empress Dowager Cixi.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Hànyǔ Pīnyīn	Denominations	Years of mintage	Emperor
Shunzhi Tongbao	順治通寶	顺治通宝	shùn zhì tōng bǎo	1 wén	1643–1661	Shunzhi Emperor
Kangxi Tongbao	康熙通寶	康熙通宝	kāng xī tōng bǎo	1 wén	1661–1722	Kangxi Emperor
Yongzheng Tongbao	雍正通寶	雍正通宝	yōng zhèng tōng bǎo	1 wén	1722–1735	Yongzheng Emperor
Qianlong Tongbao	乾隆通寶	乾隆通宝	qián lóng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 10 wén	1735–1796 (1912)^[a]	Qianlong Emperor
Jiaqing Tongbao	嘉慶通寶	嘉庆通宝	jiā qìng tōng bǎo	1 wén	1796–1820	Jiaqing Emperor
Daoguang Tongbao	道光通寶	道光通宝	dào guāng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 5 wén, 10 wén	1820–1850	Daoguang Emperor
Xianfeng Tongbao	咸豐通寶	咸丰通宝	xián fēng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 5 wén, 10 wén, 50 wén, 100 wén	1850–1861	Xianfeng Emperor
Xianfeng Zhongbao	咸豐重寶	咸丰重宝	xián fēng zhòng bǎo	4 wén, 5 wén, 8 wén, 10 wén, 20 wén, 30 wén, 40 wén, 50 wén, 100 wén	1850–1861	Xianfeng Emperor
Xianfeng Yuanbao	咸豐元寶	咸丰元宝	xián fēng yuán bǎo	80 wén, 100 wén, 200 wén, 300 wén, 500 wén, 1000 wén	1850–1861	Xianfeng Emperor
Qixiang Tongbao	祺祥通寶	祺祥通宝	qí xiáng tōng bǎo	1 wén	1861	Tongzhi Emperor
Qixiang Zhongbao	祺祥重寶	祺祥重宝	qí xiáng zhòng bǎo	10 wén	1861	Tongzhi Emperor
Tongzhi Tongbao	同治通寶	同治通宝	tóng zhì tōng bǎo	1 wén, 5 wén, 10 wén	1862–1875	Tongzhi Emperor
Tongzhi Zhongbao	同治重寶	同治重宝	tóng zhì zhòng bǎo	4 wén, 10 wén	1862–1875	Tongzhi Emperor
Guangxu Tongbao	光緒通寶	光绪通宝	guāng xù tōng bǎo	1 wén, 10 wén	1875–1908	Guangxu Emperor
Guangxu Zhongbao	光緒重寶	光绪重宝	guāng xù zhòng bǎo	5 wén, 10 wén	1875–1908	Guangxu Emperor
Xuantong Tongbao	宣統通寶	宣统通宝	xuān tǒng tōng bǎo	1 wén, 10 wén	1909–1911	Xuantong Emperor

Xinjiang issues

Certain parts of Xinjiang under Qing rule had a monetary system separate from that was separate from that of China proper, this was largely due to the fact that the area which formerly belonged to Dzungaria paid with pūl coins which were made from almost pure copper, when some these pūl coins were melted down to make "red cash coins" the pūl-system was essentially continued and 1 "red cash coin" had a value of 10 regular cash coins. Another differentiating feature of Xinjiang as a whole was that under the Jiaqing Emperor it was ordered that 1 in 5 coins produced in Xinjiang should bear the inscription Qianlong Tongbao (乾隆通寶) to honour the Qianlong Emperor, and celebrate his conquest of the region. New obverse inscriptions were introduced by the Kucha mint during the early twentieth century however the production of "red cash coins" with these new inscriptions didn't last very long as they featured only two different dates from the Chinese cyclical calendar during the Guangxu era and the Kucha mint closed in 1909.

The following "red cash coins" with new inscriptions were produced by the Kucha mint in Xinjiang:^[4]^[5]

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Denominations	Years of mintage	Emperor	Image
Guangxu Dingwei	光緒丁未	光绪丁未	10 wén	1907	Guangxu Emperor
Guangxu Wushen	光緒戊申	光绪戊申	10 wén	1908	Guangxu Emperor

Notes

^ In Xinjiang coins bearing the inscription Qián Lóng Tōng Bǎo (乾隆通寶) continued to be produced until the fall of the Qing dynasty to commemorate the regions annexation under the Qianlong Emperor, 1 in every 5 coins cast in Xinjiang bear this inscription regardless of era.

References

^ Cite error: The named reference NUMISTA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ The Collection Museum An introduction and identification guide to Chinese Qing-dynasty coins. by Qin Cao. Retrieved: 02 July 2017.
^ "Chinese Cast Coins - THE CH'ING DYNASTY". By Robert Kokotailo (Calgary Coin & Antique Gallery – Chinese Cast Coins). 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
^ Hartill 2005, p. 423.
^ Anything Anywhere - CHINA, coins of that western region called Xinjiang/Sinkiang. - Xinjiang means "new land." Formerly known to westerners as "Chinese Turkestan." Approximately 5000 years of history, not particularly well written up in English and perhaps some of the Chinese studies are somewhat politically/ethnically biased. By Bob Reis. Retrieved: 25 August 2018.

[4] In Xinjiang coins bearing the inscription Qián Lóng Tōng Bǎo (乾隆通寶) continued to be produced until the fall of the Qing dynasty to commemorate the regions annexation under the Qianlong Emperor, 1 in every 5 coins cast in Xinjiang bear this inscription regardless of era.

[NUMISTA-1] Cite error: The named reference NUMISTA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] The Collection Museum An introduction and identification guide to Chinese Qing-dynasty coins. by Qin Cao. Retrieved: 02 July 2017.

[3] "Chinese Cast Coins - THE CH'ING DYNASTY". By Robert Kokotailo (Calgary Coin & Antique Gallery – Chinese Cast Coins). 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.

[FOOTNOTEHartill2005423-5] Hartill 2005, p. 423.

[6] Anything Anywhere - CHINA, coins of that western region called Xinjiang/Sinkiang. - Xinjiang means "new land." Formerly known to westerners as "Chinese Turkestan." Approximately 5000 years of history, not particularly well written up in English and perhaps some of the Chinese studies are somewhat politically/ethnically biased. By Bob Reis. Retrieved: 25 August 2018.

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