User:Donald Trung/Korean numismatic charms

Original draft

'''Korean numismatic charms''' ([[Korean language|Korean]]: 열쇠패, literally "odd coins"), also known as ''Korean [[amulet]]s'', ''Korean [[talisman]]s'', or simply ''Korean charms'', refer to a family of cash coin-like and other numismatic inspired types of charms that like the [[Japanese numismatic charm|Japanese]] and [[Vietnamese numismatic charm|Vietnamese variants]] are derived from [[Chinese numismatic charm]]s (also referred to as ''Yansheng coins'' or ''huāqián''), but have evolved around the customs of the [[Korean culture]] although most of these charms resemble [[Korean mun|Korean cash coins]] and the amulet coins of China, they contain their own categories unique to Korea.<ref>Corean Coin Charms and Amulets - A supplement by Frederick Starr.</ref> During the [[Joseon dynasty]] only the [[Yangban]] class could afford money. A common Korean family would often only have one or two amulets "to protect" their family but wasn't capable to afford a large quantity of them. The Yangban however could afford to buy Korean amulets and charms and they frequently decorated the homes of the wealthy aristocracy. As the Japanese started taking over Korea in the beginning of the [[twentieth century]] many Korean families started selling whatever they could to get by, and when there was a global copper shortage in 1907 millions of Korean numismatic charms and Korean mun cash coins were sold for only their [[intrinsic value]] in copper. After [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea became a Japanese colony]] the Japanese started collecting all the copper they could find for the [[World War II|war effort]] which is why Korean numismatic charms became less common.<ref>Mandel, Edgar J, Trial listing - Korean charms and amulets, 1972</ref> In some instances regular ''Sangpyeong Tongbo'' ([[Hanja]]: 常平通寶) cash coins were turned into amulets by making their outer shapes from round to octagonal as a reference to the [[Bagua|eight trigrams]], while seven holes representing the seven stars from Korean folk art were drilled into them.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.charm.ru/library/koreanbutton.htm|title= Korean Coin – Button.|date=1 July 1998|accessdate=19 June 2018|work= Vladimir Belyaev & Don Pfeifer (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}</ref> == Korean bird-worm seal script coin == During the Japanese colonisation of Korea from around the 1920s an usual Korean amulet appeared that bore an inscription written in [[bird-worm seal script]] that reads "水得女汝, 月於日明" if read clockwise, however multiple hypotheses have been proposed as to what the actual reading order is, the amulet attempts to teach its readers how to read [[Hanja|Chinese characters]] by using simple formulas like "氵+ 女 = 汝" and "月 + 日 = 明". Some Chinese and Japanese sources claim that this charm may have a hidden meaning and that the last four characters actually read "勿於日易" ([[McCune–Reischauer]]: ''Mul O Il I''; [[Revised Romanization of Korean|Revised Romanisation]]: ''Mul Eo Il I'') which would make it "勿 + 日 = 易" which could have a hidden meaning like "do not do business with Japan" which explains why it’s written in such a rare and unusual script as opposed to the more common [[regular script]] which was the preferred script of Korea for centuries.<ref>The Korean Coins and Banknotes Catalogue (大韓民國貨幣價格圖錄)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/06/19/korean-charm-teaches-chinese/|title= Korean Charm Teaches Chinese |date=19 June 2013|accessdate=19 June 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref>The [[British Museum]] – [http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3416769&partId=1 Collection online - coin / charm]. Museum number: 1974,0509.31. Diameter: 36.5 millimetres. Weight: 13.07 grammes. Retrieved: 19 June 2018.</ref> Its reverse inscription reads "寸得冠守絲負工紅" ([[McCune–Reischauer]]: ''Ch'on Tuk Kwan Su Sa Pu Kong Hong''; [[Revised Romanization of Korean|Revised Romanisation]]: ''Chon Deuk Gwan Su Sa Bu Gong Hong'') == Korean numismatic chatelaines == [[File:91619 SMVK EM objekt 1258156 (2).jpg|thumb|right|A Korean numismatic chatelaine on display at the [[Museum of Ethnography, Sweden]].]] '''Korean numismatic chatelaines''' are a type of Korean numismatic charm that are characterised by the fact that they resemble a [[chatelaine]] often with other Korean coin charms and amulets strung to it, and are usually fully embellished with tassels, ribbons and Korean ''Sangpyeong Tongbo'' mun coins. A frequent design of these chatelaines is to have the [[Hanja]] character "壽" (longevity), other common decorations on Korean numismatic chatelaines include images of Children, five [[bat]]s symbolising the [[five blessings]], [[Chinese guardian lions|haetae]], and birds.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/06/29/old-korean-charm/|title= Old Korean Charm.|date=29 June 2011|accessdate=19 June 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> By the [[nineteenth century]] it had became customary for the wealthy families of Korea to tie amulets to much larger pieces similar to what in the [[western world]] is called a [[chatelaine]]. These Korean "chatelaines" were presented to brides on the day of her wedding. After the wedding was over they were kept hanging in the Women's quarters of the residence. In some cases hundreds of charms were tied together these "chatelaines", which is why they are often cast as open-work charms, others have lots of rings, while others will have a lot of holes for stringing drilled or cast in them. It was also not uncommon for Korean families to tie these numismatic charms together without the "chatelaine". As the ribbons of these Korean numismatic chatelaines are brittle and break easily it is not uncommon for modern coin and exonumia dealers to remove all amulets and talismans and sell them separately which is why these objects have become even rarer in the modern era.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://charm.ru/library/chatelaine.shtml|title= Korean Chatelaine.|date=22 May 1999|accessdate=19 June 2018|work= Vladimir Belyaev and Don Pfeifer (Charm.ru - Chinese Coinage Website).|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Sources == * Wybrand op den Velde and David Hartill (12 November 2013) ''Cast Korean Coins and Charms''. New Generation Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0755215942}}. {{Commonscat|Korean numismatic charms}} {{Asian numismatic charms}} [[:Category:Asian numismatic charms]] .

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#REDIRECT [[Korean numismatic charm]]

#REDIRECT [[Korean numismatic charm#Korean numismatic chatelaines]]

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June 2018.

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