User:Donald Trung/Hoàng Phi Yến

This page serves as "the editing history" of the English Wikipedia article "Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến" and is preserved for attribution.

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%A9_phi_Ho%C3%A0ng_Phi_Y%E1%BA%BFn&oldid=1094756253  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 10:02, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

Original draft

'''Imperial Concubine Phi Yến''' ([[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: ''Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến''), born '''Lê Thị Răm''' ([[Hán-Nôm]]: 黎氏菻), is a [[Folk legend|local legend]] of the [[Côn Đảo]] archipelago, [[Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province]].<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Online-29-April-2022">{{cite web|url= https://m.thanhnien.vn/hoang-tu-cai-thu-phi-phi-yen-trong-cau-ca-dao-gio-dua-cay-cai-ve-troi-post1453578.html|title= Hoàng tử Cải, thứ phi Phi Yến trong câu ca dao 'Gió đưa cây cải về trời'? - Cùng với câu chuyện chúa Nguyễn Ánh phải bôn ba nhiều nơi, truyền thuyết về bà thứ phi Phi Yến, tên tộc là Lê Thị Răm và hoàng tử Cải, hầu như người dân Côn Đảo ai cũng nghe thấy nhưng nhiều khi chưa hiểu biết ngọn ngành.|date=29 April 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Nhà nghiên cứu Lê Nguyễn|publisher= Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online|language=vi}}</ref> According to the legend she was the concubine of Lord [[Gia Long|Nguyễn Phúc Ánh]] and gave birth to a son known as Prince Cải, she advised Lord Ánh not to ask foreigners for help as that would make their victory less glorious and might cause issues in future, these comments caused Lord Ánh to be suspicious of her motives and to lock her up in a cave. Later when their toddler asked where his mother was he killed him. She grieved their son and later committed suicide as she was touched by a butcher during a vegetarian festival seeing it as "harming her honour as a concubine". This caused the villagers of Côn Đảo to hold a festival in her honour every year. In early 2022 the festival honouring her death was recognised as an intangible part of the national cultural heritage (''di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia'') of [[Vietnam]]. However, historians didn't receive this move by the [[government of Vietnam]] well.<ref name="MSN-VnExpress-23-June-2022">{{cite web|url= https://www.msn.com/vi-vn/news/national/c4-91-e1-bb-81-ngh-e1-bb-8b-c4-91-e1-bb-95i-t-c3-aan-di-s-e1-ba-a3n-l-e1-bb-85-gi-e1-bb-97-b-c3-a0-th-e1-bb-a9-phi-ho-c3-a0ng-phi-y-e1-ba-bfn/ar-AAYJdi5|title= Đề nghị đổi tên di sản 'lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến'. - Bộ Văn hóa Thể thao và Du lịch đề nghị tỉnh Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu đổi tên di sản quốc gia lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến để tránh hiểu nhầm về một nhân vật lịch sử.|date=23 June 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= [[VnExpress]]|publisher= The [[Microsoft Network]] ([[Microsoft Corporation]])|language=vi}}</ref> Historians and [[Nguyễn dynasty]] scholars pointed out there are quite a number of inconsistencies with this story, namely that the island of ''Côn Lôn'' where Nguyễn Phúc Ánh fled to is actually [[Koh Rong]] in southern [[Cambodia]] and not Côn Đảo, also at the time that the story supposedly took place Nguyễn Phúc Ánh was a [[lord]] (主, ''Chúa'') or [[king]] (國王, ''Quốc vương'') and wasn't yet elevated to the status of [[Emperor]] (皇帝, ''Hoàng đế''), something which he would only become in 1802 after crowing himself the Gia Long Emperor. So, it would make no sense for him to have a ''Thứ phi Hoàng'' in the 1780's. In reality the actual origins of her story are likely a localised version of the Goddess Thủy Long (''Thủy Long thần nữ''). Representatives of the [[House of Nguyễn Phúc|Nguyễn Phúc / Nguyễn Phước clan]] have described the story as insulting the legacy and character of their ancestor and in April 2022 they petitioned to revoke the status of her festival as an intangible cultural heritage. In June 2022 the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism]] responded and stated that the festival had to be renamed to honour '''Bà Phi Yến''' instead of '''Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến''' to ensuring "the principle of respecting the subject community of the heritage, avoiding misunderstanding about history, or causing conflicts among communities in the great unity of the [[Vietnamese people]]". == Legend == In 1783, after losing to the [[Tây Sơn military tactics and organization|Tây Sơn army]], Lord [[Nguyễn Ánh]] had to cross the sea with his wife, children, family, and his subordinates.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu">{{cite web|url= https://condao.com.vn/vi/mieu-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen.html|title= MIẾU BÀ THỨ PHI HOÀNG PHI YẾN. - Miếu Bà Phi Yến hay còn gọi là An Sơn Miếu nằm trên địa bàn huyện Côn Đảo là nơi thờ bà Phi Yến – thứ phi của chúa Nguyễn Ánh (Vua Gia Long). Bà có tên thật là Lê Thị Răm.|date=27 August 2021|accessdate=23 June 2022|author= hoangdai|publisher= The government of the [[Côn Đảo district]]|language=vi}}</ref> They fled to the island of Côn Lôn (which according to the legend is today [[Côn Đảo]]) to take refuge.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> On the island Nguyễn Ánh created three villages: An Hải, An Hội, and Cỏ Ống. To fight the [[Tây Sơn Rebellion]], Nguyễn Ánh planned to send his eldest son, Prince Hội An (whose nickname is Prince Cải), as part of a [[diplomatic mission]] to [[France]] to request for help to fight the rebels.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Mrs. Phi Yên (whose real name is Lê Thị Răm) advised that fighting the [[Tây Sơn dynasty]] is a domestic affair and that he shouldn't ask foreigners for help as if he would [[French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh|beat the Tây Sơn with foreign help]] that the victory wouldn't be glorious.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> And that he would have trouble later with asking foreigners for assistance.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Not only did Nguyễn Ánh refuse to listen to her advice, he also got angry her and suspected that she was secretly colluding with the Tây Sơn rebels.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Because of his suspicions of her he planned to kill her.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Thanks to the intercession of the Gods he imprisoned her in a cave on the small island of Côn Lôn, later that mountain was named ''Hòn Bà''.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> When the Tây Sơn army attacked Côn Lôn island, Nguyễn Ánh was forced to flea to the nearby [[Phú Quốc]] island.<ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022">{{cite web|url= https://tuoitre.vn/le-gio-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen-thanh-di-san-quoc-gia-vi-sao-gioi-su-hoc-ban-khoan-20220418230010885.htm|title= Lễ giỗ Bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến thành di sản quốc gia, vì sao giới sử học băn khoăn? - TTO - Việc Bộ Văn hóa - thể thao và du lịch vừa ký quyết định công nhận đưa Lễ giỗ Bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến, ở huyện Côn Đảo (Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu) vào Danh mục di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia đã gây ra không ít băn khoăn trong dư luận.|date=19 April 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= NGUYỄN THANH LỢI - NHẬT LINH|publisher= [[Tuổi Trẻ]] Online|language=vi}}</ref> Prince Cải, Phi Yên's son who was only 4 years old at the time asked if his mother could accompany them, enraged at his request Nguyễn Ánh cast the prince into the sea killing him.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Later Prince Cải's body drifted to Cỏ Ống beach, where local villagers would find his body and bury it.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> After being rescued from the cave by the villagers and learning about the death of her son, Mrs. Phi Yên she was very sad.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> She stood in front of her child's grave for a long time and cried, the villagers found the situation so pitiful that they sang a song:<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> "The wind brought the ''[[brassicaceae]]'' plant back to the sky, the [[Persicaria odorata|laksa leaves]] remained to suffer the bitter life."<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> (Gió đưa cây Cải về trời, Rau Răm ở lại chịu đời đắng cay.)<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> And the people of Côn Đảo believe that this song comes from such a heartbreaking historical story.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> In the 10th lunar month of 1785, An Hải village held a festival to make vegetarian sacrifices to the gods. They asked Phi Yên to attend for more solemnity.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> That night, she was "corrupted" by the butcher Biện Thi, he just touched her arm which startled her and she began to loudly shout, in order to preserve her reputation, she cut off her own arm and then committed suicide because it was supposed to be the dignity of a concubine to remain untouched.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> The villagers took care of her funeral and built a shrine to worship her as ''người phụ nữ “Trung Trinh Tiết Liệt”''.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Since the death of ''Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến'' on the 18th day of the 10th month of the yin calendar in 1785 (18/10 [[Vietnamese calendar|âm lịch]] năm 1785) the people of An Hải (what is today Côn Đảo) admired the faithful and chaste woman so much that they built a shrine in her honour to worship her, this shrine was called An Sơn temple (''An Sơn miếu'').<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> The villagers would organise an annual mourning festival on the anniversary of death which became the ''Lễ giỗ Bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến'' festival.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> == Temple == ''Miếu Bà Phi Yến'' (Mrs. Phi Yến Temple), also known as the ''An Sơn Miếu'' (An Sơn Temple), is a temple located in the [[Côn Đảo district]].<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu">{{cite web|url= https://phongnhaexplorer.com/thong-tin-du-lich-con-dao/mieu-ba-phi-yen-an-son-mieu.html|title= MIẾU BÀ PHI YẾN – AN SƠN MIẾU. - Miếu Bà Phi Yến hay còn gọi An Sơn Miếu là một trong số ít di sản văn hóa dân gian ở Côn Đảo, xây dựng vào năm 1785 để tôn vinh Bà Phi Yến, vợ của Chúa Nguyễn Ánh hay còn gọi là Vua Gia Long.|date=2008|accessdate=23 June 2022|work= Phong Nha Explorer|language=vi}}</ref> According to legend the temple was originally built in 1785 to honour the legendary figure.<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> In 1861, after the French colonialists occupied the island, they decided to move the entire population to mainland [[French Cochinchina]] to build a prison, so the temple gradually fell into disrepair.<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> In 1958, the people on the island rebuilt to become a spacious temple on the old temple's foundation.<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> In 1981 the temple was completely rebuilt.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> The total area of ​​the temple is 4200 square meters, the overall construction is built in the shape of the character Nhất, but since 1958 the temple was remodeled many times to this day.<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Outside of the temple there is a stone stele recording the legend of Bà Phi Yến and Prince Cải.<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> The entrance to the temple is a large cement-brick courtyard which leads to a "circular cement lake" (''hồ nước hình tròn bằng xi măng''), inside of the "lake" there is a [[rockery]] that is the symbol of the cave where Bà Phi Yến was supposedly imprisoned by Nguyễn Phúc Ánh.<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> The rockery is a celestial altar connecting [[yin and yang]], [[heaven and earth]], and features two flagpoles placed symmetrical, one with the national [[flag of Vietnam]] and one with the [[Vietnamese five-color flags|five elements flag]].<ref name="Phong-Nha-Explorer-An-Sơn-Miếu"/> Between the years 1970 and 1972 there was straight dirt road leading from Hàng Dương beach to Bà An Hải temple where young [[South Vietnam]]ese civil servants learned to drive a [[Scout car]].<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Online-29-April-2022"/> ''Miếu Bà Phi Yến'' has been declared to be a provincial-level cultural relic by the People's Committee of the [[Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province]] on 8 April 2009.<ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu"/><ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022"/> == Festival == Mrs. Phi Yến's death anniversary festival in Côn Đảo (Vietnamese: ''Lễ hội giỗ bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo'') is an annual festival held on the 17th and 18th day of the 10th month of the [[Vietnamese calendar|lunar calender]].<ref name="Thếgiớitoday-Lễ-hội-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến-ở-Côn-Đảo">{{cite web|url= http://thegioitoday.net/2019/11/29/le-hoi-gio-ba-phi-yen-o-con-dao/|title= Lễ hội giỗ bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo.|date=29 November 2019|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Lê Đức Thọ via Baobariavungtau.com.vn|publisher= Theworldtoday - Thếgiớitoday|language=vi}}</ref> Every year during these two days both locals from Côn Đảo and tourists gather at the An Sơn Temple.<ref name="Thếgiớitoday-Lễ-hội-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến-ở-Côn-Đảo"/> During the ceremony [[Traditional Vietnamese music|traditional music]] is played while representatives of the Côn Đảo district dressed in [[Vietnamese clothing|traditional clothing]] sacrifice local products such as local flowers (''địa phương như hương hoa''), five fruits (''ngũ quả''), sticky rice (''xôi''), tea (''chè''), Etc.<ref name="Thếgiớitoday-Lễ-hội-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến-ở-Côn-Đảo"/> Then the celebrant reads the vows and prays for good fortune; wishing the country and its people to have peace and happiness.<ref name="Thếgiớitoday-Lễ-hội-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến-ở-Côn-Đảo"/> After the ceremony cultural and artistic activities are done at the island such as sports, folk games, amateur folk music, and theatrical performances recreating the virtuous life of Mrs. Phi Yến.<ref name="Thếgiớitoday-Lễ-hội-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến-ở-Côn-Đảo"/> The festival is organised every year by the [[Communist Party of Vietnam|Communist Party]] Committee, the [[People's Army of Vietnam]], and the government of Côn Đảo with participation of the locals.<ref name="Vietnam-Plus-9-April-2022">{{cite web|url= https://www.vietnamplus.vn/le-gio-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen-la-di-san-van-hoa-phi-vat-the-quoc-gia/782881.vnp|title= Lễ giỗ bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia. - Lễ giỗ bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản văn hóa phi vật thể đầu tiên của tỉnh Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu được Bộ Văn hóa-Thể thao và Du lịch công nhận là Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia.|date=9 April 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Huỳnh Sơn (TTXVN/Vietnam+)|publisher= [[Vietnam News Agency|Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)]] - [[Government of Vietnam|Government]] of the [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]|language=vi}}</ref><ref name="Thếgiớitoday-Lễ-hội-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến-ở-Côn-Đảo"/> The festival for ''Mrs. Phi Yến's death anniversary'' is the first intangible cultural heritage of the Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province recognised as a national intangible cultural heritage by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.<ref name="Vietnam-Plus-9-April-2022"/> == Scholarship and debunking == [[File:Công văn trả lời của Bộ Văn hoá, Thể thao và Du lịch gửi đến Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam về Kiến nghị thu hồi quyết định công nhận “Lễ giỗ bà thú phi Hoàng phi Yến" 01.jpg|thumb|right|Response from the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism]] to the request by the ''[[House of Nguyễn Phúc#Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam|Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam]]'' to revoke the festival's status as intangible cultural heritage (20 June 2022).]] === 1942 === During the Nguyễn dynasty period itself the historical accuracy of the legend was already been called into question. In 1942 [[Tri Tân]] magazine (''tạp chí Tri Tân'') ran a story entitled "History of Discourse: A Letter from Huế" (''Sử học luận đàm: Một bức thư Huế'') where [[Tôn Thất Dương Kỵ]] noted that there isn't any historical evidence to support that Lord Nguyễn Phúc Ánh ever went to Côn Lôn island.<ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022"/> According to Tôn Thất Dương Kỵ, after losing the [[citadel of Saigon]] to the Tây Sơn rebels in 1783 lord Nguyễn Phúc Ánh fled to Phú Quốc island.<ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022"/> As he was pursued by the Tây Sơn army he fled further to an island called Koh Rong, not Côn Lôn island as many historical documents record.<ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022"/> Because Chinese characters do not have an R consonant, it is transliterated into an L consonant (meaning that "Koh Rong" became "Côn Lôn");<ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022"/> Ancient books also often used the word "Côn Lôn" to refer to the islands in general.<ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022"/> According to Tôn Thất Dương Kỵ, at that time, Côn Lôn belonged to the waters controlled by the Tây Sơn rebels, and was too far from Phú Quốc.<ref name="Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-19-April-2022"/> === 2022 === On 26 April 2022 the ''[[Thanh Niên]]'' newspaper reported on the worshipping of bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến at the Tùng Thiện Vương Temple in [[Huế]], [[Thừa Thiên Huế province]].<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến">{{cite web|url= https://m.thanhnien.vn/vi-sao-kien-nghi-thu-hoi-di-san-quoc-gia-le-gio-ba-phi-yen-post1452696.html|title= Vì sao kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản quốc gia Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến? - Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam tổ chức buổi tọa đàm và thống nhất kiến nghị Bộ VH-TT-DL thu hồi quyết định công nhận Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia đối với Lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến.|date=27 April 2022|accessdate=23 June 2022|author= Bùi Ngọc Long|publisher= Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online|language=vi}}</ref> The ''Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam'' organised a scholarly discussion on "An Sơn Temple and Mrs. Phi Yến in Côn Đảo, a matter of legends to heritage records" (An Sơn miếu và bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo, vấn đề từ truyền thuyết đến hồ sơ di sản).<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> After the discussion, the ''Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam'' proposed to the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism]] to revoke the decision to recognise the national intangible cultural heritage (''Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể'') for the death anniversary of the imperial concubine Phi Yến.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> The ''Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam'' (also written as the ''Hội đồng Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam'') is an organisation of the [[House of Nguyễn Phúc|Nguyễn Phúc clan]].<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-June-2022">{{cite web|url= https://m.thanhnien.vn/hoi-dong-nguyen-phuoc-toc-viet-nam-de-nghi-dat-ten-duong-gia-long-o-hue-post1464326.html|title= Hội đồng Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam đề nghị đặt tên đường Gia Long ở Huế. - Trong tọa đàm khoa học với chủ đề Công lao và những đóng góp quan trọng về mặt lịch sử của Hoàng đế Gia Long, các nhà nghiên cứu đã đưa ra các tham luận về công lao to lớn của vua Gia Long trong việc thống nhất đất nước sau gần 300 năm chia cắt, đặc biệt là vai trò to lớn trong việc xác lập quần đảo Hoàng Sa là của Việt Nam.|date=1 June 2022|accessdate=23 June 2022|author= Bùi Ngọc Long & Lê Hoài Nhân|publisher= Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online|language=vi}}</ref> The seminar had the presence and participation of scholars about history, culture, and the Nguyễn dynasty period from Huế and Hanoi, including the former chairman of the Historical Science Society of Thừa Thiên - Huế (Hội Khoa học Lịch sử Thừa Thiên - Huế).<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> The researchers included Nguyễn Xuân Hoa (former director of the Department of Culture and Sports of Thừa Thiên Huế province), Nguyễn Quang Trung Tiến (former dean of the Faculty of History, [[Huế University|Huế University of Science]]), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyễn Văn Đăng (former dean of the Faculty of History, Huế University of Science), Trần Đại Vinh (former President of the Folk Arts Association of Thừa Thiên Huế)， [[Nguyễn Đắc Xuân]], and Dr. Nguyễn Xuân Diện ([[Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies]], [[Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences]]), among others.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> The seminar received 16 reports from researchers, of which 3 were presented at the seminar and more than 10 comments were presented.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> The scholars concluded that Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến is a fictional character.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> {{Quote box | quote= "The ''Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam'' has checked the the genealogy of the Nguyễn Phúc clan and the ''Đại Nam liệt truyện'', and there is absolutely no one who is a concubine of sovereign Gia Long named Lê Thị Răm and whose name is Phi Yến. Similarly, In the imperial genealogy, there is no record of Prince Cải's name, who is the son of sovereign Gia Long." said Associate Professor Dr. Nguyễn Phước Bửu Nam. (Original [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]) "Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam đã rà soát ''Nguyễn Phúc tộc thế phả'' và ''Đại Nam liệt truyện'' thì hoàn toàn không có ai là thứ phi vua Gia Long tên Lê Thị Răm và có tên thụy là Phi Yến. Tương tự, trong gia phả hoàng tộc cũng không ghi chép tên của hoàng tử Cải là con của vua Gia Long”, PGS-TS Nguyễn Phước Bửu Nam cho biết. | source = ''Vì sao kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản quốc gia Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến?'' (Why propose to revoke the national heritage status of Phi Yến's death anniversary?) by [[Bùi Ngọc Long (journalist)|Bùi Ngọc Long]], Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online (27 April 2022). | width = 75% | align = center }} They noted that Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến is not recorded in the official history of the Nguyễn dynasty, nor is she found in the genealogy of the imperial family of the Nguyễn dynasty (''Hoàng tộc triều Nguyễn'').<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> The records show that both French scholars and published studies prove that the imperial concubine Phi Yến (named Lê Thị Răm) and Prince Cải (also known as Prince Hội An, or ''hoàng tử Hội An'') are both [[fictional character]]s that do not appear in the history of the Nguyễn dynasty.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> According to folklore researcher [[Nguyễn Thanh Lợi]], the legend of Phi Yến originated from the belief of worshiping Thiên Y Ana in [[Central Vietnam]], and when brought to the [[Southern Vietnam|southern region]], it was integrated with the belief of worshiping the goddess Thủy Long (''Thủy Long thần nữ''), turning it into a local custom.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> Later, it was historicalised through the image of Phi Yến and became associated with Nguyen Phúc Ánh's presence on Côn Đảo during his days of exile, as his presence left a lot of marks on the area.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> Researcher Nguyễn Xuân Hoa also noted that at the time Nguyễn Phúc Ánh was a Nguyễn King (''Nguyễn Vương'') and not an Emperor yet, so historically it wouldn't make any sense for her to have been given the title of "Thứ phi".<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> It has further been noted that the ''Côn Lôn'' noted in the ''[[Đại Nam thực lục]]'' where Nguyễn Phúc Ánh stayed during his fight against the [[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn rebels]] is actually the island of [[Koh Rong|Cổ Long]] in southern [[Cambodia]] near [[Hà Tiên province]] and [[Phú Quốc]].<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> Something which was first correctly identified by French scholar Charles B. Maybon during the [[20th century]], in his 1930 book ''Lectures sur l'histoire moderne et contemporaine du pays d'Annam de 1428 à 1926'' (Bài giảng lịch sử An Nam cận đại và hiện đại từ năm 1428 đến năm 1926).<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> The ''Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam'' wrote in their petition that because the Nguyễn dynasty was so recent that the records and histories of the dynasty are well-preserved and don't let much open for misinterpretation.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> So, they claimed that the recognition by the government of the death anniversary of ''bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến'' as a traditional cultural relic belonging to An Sơn Temple in the Côn Đảo District is "is insulting to the heroic spirit and image of Emperor Gia Long, the founding monarch of the Nguyễn dynasty as well as the Nguyễn Phúc clan".<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến"/> On 26 April 2022 the ''Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam'' submitted their request to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.<ref name="MSN-Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-23-June-2022">{{cite web|url= https://www.msn.com/vi-vn/news/national/c4-91-e1-bb-81-ngh-e1-bb-8b-c4-91-e1-bb-95i-t-c3-aan-di-s-e1-ba-a3n-l-e1-bb-85-gi-e1-bb-97-b-c3-a0-th-e1-bb-a9-phi-ho-c3-a0ng-phi-y-e1-ba-bfn-c4-91-e1-bb-83-tr-c3-a1nh-xung-c4-91-e1-bb-99t-gi-e1-bb-afa-c-c3-a1c-c-e1-bb-99ng-c4-91-e1-bb-93ng/ar-AAYJ3lJ|title= Đề nghị đổi tên di sản lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến để tránh xung đột giữa các cộng đồng. - TTO - Sau phản ánh của Tuổi Trẻ về quyết định lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản phi vật thể quốc gia khiến Phúc tộc, người dân Huế bức xúc, Bộ Văn hóa - thể thao và du lịch vừa đề nghị đổi tên di sản phi vật thể quốc gia này.|quote= Ngày 26-4, Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam gửi văn bản đến Thủ tướng, đề nghị thu hồi quyết định công nhận di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia với lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến ở huyện Côn Đảo.|date=23 June 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= [[Tuổi Trẻ]] Online|publisher= The [[Microsoft Network]] ([[Microsoft Corporation]])|language=vi}}</ref> In May 2022 the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism responded that they would consider revoking the intangible cultural heritage status based on the recommendations of the ''Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam''.<ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Phó-thủ-tướng-chỉ-đạo-sau-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến">{{cite web|url= https://m.thanhnien.vn/pho-thu-tuong-chi-dao-sau-kien-nghi-thu-hoi-di-san-le-gio-ba-phi-yen-post1463721.html|title= Phó thủ tướng chỉ đạo sau kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến. - Liên quan đến việc kiến nghị thu hồi quyết định công nhận Lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến (Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu) là Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia, Phó thủ tướng Vũ Đức Đam đã có văn bản chỉ đạo xử lý.|date=30 May 2022|accessdate=23 June 2022|author= Bùi Ngọc Long|publisher= Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online|language=vi}}</ref> == June 2022 review by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism == At the end of May 2022 [[Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam|deputy prime minister]] [[Vũ Đức Đam]] asked the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism]] to deliberate with the ''[[House of Nguyễn Phúc#Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam|Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam]]'' from the [[Thừa Thiên Huế province]].<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022">{{cite web|url= https://vnexpress.net/de-nghi-doi-ten-di-san-le-gio-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen-4478906.html|title= Trong văn bản gửi UBND tỉnh Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu hôm 20/6, Bộ Văn hóa Thể thao và Du lịch giải thích việc đổi tên nhằm "đảm bảo nguyên tắc tôn trọng cộng đồng chủ thể của di sản, tránh gây hiểu nhầm về lịch sử, hoặc gây xung đột giữa các cộng đồng trong khối đại đoàn kết các dân tộc Việt Nam".|date=22 June 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Viết Tuân|publisher= [[VnExpress]]|language=vi}}</ref> On 16 June 2022 these parties discussed the status of the festival.<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022"/> They reviewed the status of the festival as an intangible cultural heritage and decided that it did meet all criteria. However, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism also noted that they would have to review the dossier for historical accuracy, in their decision they noted that the local cultural heritage and the importance of the story to the local identity of the community of Côn Đảo was taken into account.<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022"/> The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism noted that people's religious practice is protected by law, and does not mean to honour or recognise an actual historical figure or event.<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022"/> The Ministry said that the People's Committee of Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu province should do what it can to respect historical accuracy.<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022"/> They recommended that the local government should explain the mythical nature of the story and explain that it's only a local folk legend and not a historically accurate story.<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022"/> At the temple the steles and information signs should be updated to reflect these recommendations and that they should omit any new elements to the historical story.<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022"/> But as the name of festival may "be misleading about a historical figure" (có thể gây hiểu nhầm về một nhân vật lịch sử) which is why they also recommend that the festival should be renamed to something like ''lễ giỗ Bà'' (Old woman's death anniversary observation), ''giỗ Bà'' (Old woman's death anniversary), ''giỗ bà Phi Yến'' (Mrs. Phi Yến's death anniversary), ''giỗ bà Hoàng Phi Yến'' (Mrs. Hoàng Phi Yến's death anniversary)...<ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022"/> == See also == * [[Vietnamese folk religion]] * [[Vietnamese mythology]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{Nguyễn dynasty topics}} [[:Category:Vietnamese mythology]] [[:Category:Nguyen dynasty]] .

Sources to use

• https://m.thanhnien.vn/vi-sao-kien-nghi-thu-hoi-di-san-quoc-gia-le-gio-ba-phi-yen-post1452696.html
  • <ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Vì-sao-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-quốc-gia-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến">{{cite web|url= https://m.thanhnien.vn/vi-sao-kien-nghi-thu-hoi-di-san-quoc-gia-le-gio-ba-phi-yen-post1452696.html|title= Vì sao kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản quốc gia Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến? - Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam tổ chức buổi tọa đàm và thống nhất kiến nghị Bộ VH-TT-DL thu hồi quyết định công nhận Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia đối với Lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến.|date= 2022|accessdate=23 June 2022|author= Bùi Ngọc Long|publisher= Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 07:15, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://m.thanhnien.vn/pho-thu-tuong-chi-dao-sau-kien-nghi-thu-hoi-di-san-le-gio-ba-phi-yen-post1463721.html
  • <ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Phó-thủ-tướng-chỉ-đạo-sau-kiến-nghị-thu-hồi-Di-sản-Lễ-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến">{{cite web|url= https://m.thanhnien.vn/pho-thu-tuong-chi-dao-sau-kien-nghi-thu-hoi-di-san-le-gio-ba-phi-yen-post1463721.html|title= Phó thủ tướng chỉ đạo sau kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến. - Liên quan đến việc kiến nghị thu hồi quyết định công nhận Lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến (Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu) là Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia, Phó thủ tướng Vũ Đức Đam đã có văn bản chỉ đạo xử lý.|date=30 May 2022|accessdate=23 June 2022|author= Bùi Ngọc Long|publisher= Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 07:15, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• http://thegioitoday.net/2019/11/29/le-hoi-gio-ba-phi-yen-o-con-dao/
  • <ref name="Thếgiớitoday-Lễ-hội-giỗ-bà-Phi-Yến-ở-Côn-Đảo">{{cite web|url= http://thegioitoday.net/2019/11/29/le-hoi-gio-ba-phi-yen-o-con-dao/|title= Lễ hội giỗ bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo.|date=29 November 2019|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Lê Đức Thọ via Baobariavungtau.com.vn|publisher= Theworldtoday - Thếgiớitoday|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 08:26, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://m.thanhnien.vn/hoang-tu-cai-thu-phi-phi-yen-trong-cau-ca-dao-gio-dua-cay-cai-ve-troi-post1453578.html
  • <ref name="Báo-Thanh-Niên-Online-29-April-2022">{{cite web|url= https://m.thanhnien.vn/hoang-tu-cai-thu-phi-phi-yen-trong-cau-ca-dao-gio-dua-cay-cai-ve-troi-post1453578.html|title= Hoàng tử Cải, thứ phi Phi Yến trong câu ca dao 'Gió đưa cây cải về trời'? - Cùng với câu chuyện chúa Nguyễn Ánh phải bôn ba nhiều nơi, truyền thuyết về bà thứ phi Phi Yến, tên tộc là Lê Thị Răm và hoàng tử Cải, hầu như người dân Côn Đảo ai cũng nghe thấy nhưng nhiều khi chưa hiểu biết ngọn ngành.|date=29 April 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Nhà nghiên cứu Lê Nguyễn|publisher= Báo [[Thanh Niên]] Online|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 08:38, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://www.msn.com/vi-vn/news/national/c4-91-e1-bb-81-ngh-e1-bb-8b-c4-91-e1-bb-95i-t-c3-aan-di-s-e1-ba-a3n-l-e1-bb-85-gi-e1-bb-97-b-c3-a0-th-e1-bb-a9-phi-ho-c3-a0ng-phi-y-e1-ba-bfn/ar-AAYJdi5
  • <ref name="MSN-VnExpress-23-June-2022">{{cite web|url= https://www.msn.com/vi-vn/news/national/c4-91-e1-bb-81-ngh-e1-bb-8b-c4-91-e1-bb-95i-t-c3-aan-di-s-e1-ba-a3n-l-e1-bb-85-gi-e1-bb-97-b-c3-a0-th-e1-bb-a9-phi-ho-c3-a0ng-phi-y-e1-ba-bfn/ar-AAYJdi5|title= Đề nghị đổi tên di sản 'lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến'. - Bộ Văn hóa Thể thao và Du lịch đề nghị tỉnh Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu đổi tên di sản quốc gia lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến để tránh hiểu nhầm về một nhân vật lịch sử.|date=23 June 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= [[VnExpress]]|publisher= The [[Microsoft Network]] ([[Microsoft Corporation]])|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 09:07, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://www.msn.com/vi-vn/news/national/c4-91-e1-bb-81-ngh-e1-bb-8b-c4-91-e1-bb-95i-t-c3-aan-di-s-e1-ba-a3n-l-e1-bb-85-gi-e1-bb-97-b-c3-a0-th-e1-bb-a9-phi-ho-c3-a0ng-phi-y-e1-ba-bfn-c4-91-e1-bb-83-tr-c3-a1nh-xung-c4-91-e1-bb-99t-gi-e1-bb-afa-c-c3-a1c-c-e1-bb-99ng-c4-91-e1-bb-93ng/ar-AAYJ3lJ
  • <ref name="MSN-Tuổi-Trẻ-Online-23-June-2022">{{cite web|url= https://www.msn.com/vi-vn/news/national/c4-91-e1-bb-81-ngh-e1-bb-8b-c4-91-e1-bb-95i-t-c3-aan-di-s-e1-ba-a3n-l-e1-bb-85-gi-e1-bb-97-b-c3-a0-th-e1-bb-a9-phi-ho-c3-a0ng-phi-y-e1-ba-bfn-c4-91-e1-bb-83-tr-c3-a1nh-xung-c4-91-e1-bb-99t-gi-e1-bb-afa-c-c3-a1c-c-e1-bb-99ng-c4-91-e1-bb-93ng/ar-AAYJ3lJ|title= Đề nghị đổi tên di sản lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến để tránh xung đột giữa các cộng đồng. - TTO - Sau phản ánh của Tuổi Trẻ về quyết định lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản phi vật thể quốc gia khiến Phúc tộc, người dân Huế bức xúc, Bộ Văn hóa - thể thao và du lịch vừa đề nghị đổi tên di sản phi vật thể quốc gia này.|quote= Ngày 26-4, Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam gửi văn bản đến Thủ tướng, đề nghị thu hồi quyết định công nhận di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia với lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến ở huyện Côn Đảo.|date=23 June 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= [[Tuổi Trẻ]] Online|publisher= The [[Microsoft Network]] ([[Microsoft Corporation]])|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 09:08, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://vnexpress.net/de-nghi-doi-ten-di-san-le-gio-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen-4478906.html
  • <ref name="VnExpress-22-June-2022">{{cite web|url= https://vnexpress.net/de-nghi-doi-ten-di-san-le-gio-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen-4478906.html|title= Trong văn bản gửi UBND tỉnh Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu hôm 20/6, Bộ Văn hóa Thể thao và Du lịch giải thích việc đổi tên nhằm "đảm bảo nguyên tắc tôn trọng cộng đồng chủ thể của di sản, tránh gây hiểu nhầm về lịch sử, hoặc gây xung đột giữa các cộng đồng trong khối đại đoàn kết các dân tộc Việt Nam".|date=22 June 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Viết Tuân|publisher= [[VnExpress]]|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 09:40, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://condao.com.vn/vi/mieu-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen.html
  • <ref name="Côn-Đảo-Miếu-Bà-Phi-Yến-hay-còn-gọi-là-An-Sơn-Miếu">{{cite web|url= https://condao.com.vn/vi/mieu-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen.html|title= MIẾU BÀ THỨ PHI HOÀNG PHI YẾN. - Miếu Bà Phi Yến hay còn gọi là An Sơn Miếu nằm trên địa bàn huyện Côn Đảo là nơi thờ bà Phi Yến – thứ phi của chúa Nguyễn Ánh (Vua Gia Long). Bà có tên thật là Lê Thị Răm.|date=27 August 2021|accessdate=23 June 2022|author= hoangdai|publisher= The government of the [[Côn Đảo district]]|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 07:14, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://www.vietnamplus.vn/le-gio-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen-la-di-san-van-hoa-phi-vat-the-quoc-gia/782881.vnp
  • <ref name="Vietnam-Plus-9-April-2022">{{cite web|url= https://www.vietnamplus.vn/le-gio-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen-la-di-san-van-hoa-phi-vat-the-quoc-gia/782881.vnp|title= Lễ giỗ bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia. - Lễ giỗ bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản văn hóa phi vật thể đầu tiên của tỉnh Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu được Bộ Văn hóa-Thể thao và Du lịch công nhận là Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia.|date=9 April 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|author= Huỳnh Sơn (TTXVN/Vietnam+)|publisher= [[Vietnam News Agency|Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)]] - [[Government of Vietnam|Government]] of the [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]|language=vi}}</ref>
    •  Done. --Donald Trung (talk) 09:48, 24 June 2022 (UTC) .

• https://condao.com.vn/vi/mieu-ba-thu-phi-hoang-phi-yen.html

Standard reference templates

Usually recurring sources

June 2022.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2022|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2022|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= June 2022|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2022|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

May 2022.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2022|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2022|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= May 2022|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2022|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

April 2022.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2022|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2022|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= April 2022|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2022|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

March 2022.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2022|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2022|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= March 2022|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2022|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

February 2022.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2022|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2022|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= February 2022|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2022|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

January 2022.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2022|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2022|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= January 2022|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2022|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

December 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= December 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

November 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= November 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= November 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= November 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= November 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

October 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= October 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= October 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= October 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= October 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

September 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= September 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

August 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= August 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

July 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= July 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= July 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= July 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= July 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

June 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= June 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

May 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= May 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

April 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= April 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

February 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= March 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

February 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= February 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

January 2021.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2021|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2021|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= January 2021|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2021|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

December 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= December 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2020|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

October 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= October 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= October 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= October 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= October 2020|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

November 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= November 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= November 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= November 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= November 2020|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

September 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= September 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= September 2020|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

August 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= August 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

• <ref name="Chinese-Coinage-Web-Site">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= August 2020|author= Vladimir Belyaev (Владимир Беляев)|publisher= Chinese Coinage Web Site (Charm.ru)|language=en}}</ref>

July 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= July 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= July 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= July 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

June 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= June 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= June 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

May 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= May 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate=May 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= May 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

April 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate=April 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="TransAsiart">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=14 September 2015|accessdate= April 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] (蒂埃里)|publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref>

March 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= March 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

February 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

January 2020.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

December 2019.

• <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>

• <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= December 2019|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

To use

• <ref name="HoreshQing">{{cite web|url= https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-10-0622-7_54-1|title= The Monetary System of China under the Qing Dynasty.|date=28 September 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|author= [[Niv Horesh]]|publisher= [[Springer Nature|Springer Link]]|language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="HoreshQing"/>

• <ref name="PrimalQing">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#qing_dynasty_coins|title= Chinese coins – 中國錢幣 - Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty (1644-1911)|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=30 June 2017|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="PrimalQing"/>

• <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/01/08/the-king-of-qing-dynasty-coins/|title=The King of Qing Dynasty Coins.|date=8 January 2013|accessdate=8 January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins"/>

• <ref name="CambridgeInflation">{{cite web|url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/hsienfeng-inflation/54A8F1ADDC871CC18F4DCFA828730DEB|title= The Hsien-Fêng Inflation (Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009).|date=October 1958|accessdate=28 July 2019|author= Jerome Ch'ên|publisher= [[SOAS University of London]]|language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="CambridgeInflation"/>

• <ref name="Brill2015">[https://www.academia.edu/28400259/_Silver_Copper_Rice_and_Debt_Monetary_Policy_and_Office_Selling_in_China_during_the_Taiping_Rebellion_in_Money_in_Asia_1200_1900_Small_Currencies_in_Social_and_Political_Contexts_ed._by_Jane_Kate_Leonard_and_Ulrich_Theobald_Leiden_Brill_2015_343-395 “Silver, Copper, Rice, and Debt: Monetary Policy and Office Selling in China during the Taiping Rebellion,” in Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, ed.] by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald, [[Leiden]]: Brill, 2015, 343-395.</ref>
  • <ref name="Brill2015"/>

• <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa">{{cite web|url= http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/41940/1/WP159.pdf|title= Money and Monetary System in China in the 19th-20th Century: An Overview. (Working Papers No. 159/12)|date=January 2012|accessdate=26 January 2020|author= Debin Ma|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics]]|language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa"/>

• <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan">{{cite web|url= http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3307/1/Yan_In_Search_of_Power.pdf|title= In Search of Power and Credibility - Essays on Chinese Monetary History (1851-1845).|date=March 2015|accessdate=8 February 2020|author= Xun Yan|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]]||language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan"/>.

Traditional Chinese characters

• 次妃

• 舒妃

• 黎氏菻

Edit all

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Donald_Trung/Ho%C3%A0ng_Phi_Y%E1%BA%BFn#/editor/all

Redirects

#REDIRECT [[Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến]]

1. Thu phi Hoang Phi Yen.
2. Hoàng Phi Yến.
3. Hoang Phi Yen.
4. Concubine Hoàng Phi Yến.
5. Concubine Phi Yen.
6. Bà Phi Yến.
7. Ba Phi Yen.
8. Lê Thị Răm.
9. Le Thi Ram.
10. Hoàng tử Hội An.
11. Hoàng tử Cải.