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This page serves as "the editing history" of the English Wikipedia article "Cash (Chinese coin)#Cash coins and superstitions" and is preserved for attribution.

Five Emperors coins

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A superstition involving Chinese cash coins specific based on their inscriptions are "the five emperor coins" ({{zh |first=t | t= 五帝錢 | s= 五帝钱 | hp= wǔ dì qián | links=no}}), this refers to a set of Chinese cash coins issued by the first five [[emperors of the Qing dynasty]] (following their conquest of China in 1644).<ref name="PrimaltrekLongshanVillageHoard">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/05/14/song-dynasty-coins-in-a-ming-dynasty-tomb/|title= Song Dynasty Coins in a Ming Dynasty Tomb.|date=14 May 2013|accessdate=6 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ifeng-Wu-De-Qian-Five-Emperors-Coins">{{cite web|url= http://finance.ifeng.com/collection/qbyp/20120820/6925553.shtml|title= 五帝钱价格看涨20年间身价涨30倍.|date=20 September 2020|accessdate=8 April 2020|author= 来源：华商晨报 作者：张瀚|publisher= Finance.Ifeng.com|language=zh-cn}}</ref> These cash coins are believed to have the power to ensure prosperity and to give protection from [[evil spirits]] because during the reign of these five emperors China was powerful and prosperous. Furthermore, the term "Five Emperors" (五帝) also alludes to the "[[Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors]]".<ref name="PrimaltrekLongshanVillageHoard"/><ref name="Ifeng-Wu-De-Qian-Five-Emperors-Coins"/> A full set of "five emperor coins" consists of Chinese cash coins with the inscriptions Shunzhi Tongbao (順治通寶), [[Kangxi Tongbao]] (康熙通寶), Yongzheng Tongbao (雍正通寶), [[Qianlong Tongbao]] (乾隆通寶), and Jiaqing Tongbao (嘉慶通寶).<ref name="PrimaltrekLongshanVillageHoard"/><ref name="Ifeng-Wu-De-Qian-Five-Emperors-Coins"/> These inscriptions are further seen as auspicious because "Shunzhi" (順治) translates into [[English language|English]] "to rule smoothly", "Kangxi" (康熙) translates into English as "Healthy and prosperous", "Yongzheng" (雍正) translates into "harmony and upright", the first Chinese character "qián" (乾) from "Qianlong" (乾隆) is a [[Homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese homophonic pun]] with "qián" (錢) meaning "money", and "Jiaqing" (嘉慶) translates into English as "good and celebrate".<ref name="PrimaltrekLongshanVillageHoard"/><ref name="Ifeng-Wu-De-Qian-Five-Emperors-Coins"/> Because of an [[List of coin hoards in China|archeological hoard]] of where Song dynasty cash coins were found in a Ming dynasty period tomb, it has been speculated by some archeologists that people during the Ming dynasty might have held similar beliefs with Song dynasty cash coins.<ref name="PrimaltrekLongshanVillageHoard"/><ref name="Ifeng-Wu-De-Qian-Five-Emperors-Coins"/> Another type of superstition involving cash coins is to have them buried with a corpse for good luck as well as to provide protection to the grave or tomb from evil spirits, although this tradition doesn't exclusively involve cash coins as early 20th century silver coins bearing the face of [[Yuan Shikai]], known outside of China as "Fatman" dollars (袁大頭, ''yuán dà tóu''), have also been used for this purpose.<ref name="PrimaltrekLongshanVillageHoard"/>

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Standard reference templates

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May 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= May 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
April 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
March 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= March 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
February 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
January 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
December 2019.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= December 2019|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

To use

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  • <ref name="HoreshQing">{{cite web|url= https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-10-0622-7_54-1|title= The Monetary System of China under the Qing Dynasty.|date=28 September 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|author= [[Niv Horesh]]|publisher= [[Springer Nature|Springer Link]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="HoreshQing"/>
  • <ref name="PrimalQing">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#qing_dynasty_coins|title= Chinese coins – 中國錢幣 - Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty (1644-1911)|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=30 June 2017|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimalQing"/>
  • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/01/08/the-king-of-qing-dynasty-coins/|title=The King of Qing Dynasty Coins.|date=8 January 2013|accessdate=8 January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins"/>
  • <ref name="CambridgeInflation">{{cite web|url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/hsienfeng-inflation/54A8F1ADDC871CC18F4DCFA828730DEB|title= The Hsien-Fêng Inflation (Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009).|date=October 1958|accessdate=28 July 2019|author= Jerome Ch'ên|publisher= [[SOAS University of London]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="CambridgeInflation"/>
  • <ref name="Brill2015">[https://www.academia.edu/28400259/_Silver_Copper_Rice_and_Debt_Monetary_Policy_and_Office_Selling_in_China_during_the_Taiping_Rebellion_in_Money_in_Asia_1200_1900_Small_Currencies_in_Social_and_Political_Contexts_ed._by_Jane_Kate_Leonard_and_Ulrich_Theobald_Leiden_Brill_2015_343-395 “Silver, Copper, Rice, and Debt: Monetary Policy and Office Selling in China during the Taiping Rebellion,” in Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, ed.] by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald, [[Leiden]]: Brill, 2015, 343-395.</ref>
    • <ref name="Brill2015"/>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa">{{cite web|url= http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/41940/1/WP159.pdf|title= Money and Monetary System in China in the 19th-20th Century: An Overview. (Working Papers No. 159/12)|date=January 2012|accessdate=26 January 2020|author= Debin Ma|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa"/>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan">{{cite web|url= http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3307/1/Yan_In_Search_of_Power.pdf|title= In Search of Power and Credibility - Essays on Chinese Monetary History (1851-1845).|date=March 2015|accessdate=8 February 2020|author= Xun Yan|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]]||language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan"/>

More sources to use

[edit]
  • http://finance.ifeng.com/collection/qbyp/20120820/6925553.shtml
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekLongshanVillageHoard">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/05/14/song-dynasty-coins-in-a-ming-dynasty-tomb/|title= Song Dynasty Coins in a Ming Dynasty Tomb.|date=14 May 2013|accessdate=6 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ifeng-Wu-De-Qian-Five-Emperors-Coins">{{cite web|url= http://finance.ifeng.com/collection/qbyp/20120820/6925553.shtml|title= 五帝钱价格看涨20年间身价涨30倍.|date=20 September 2020|accessdate=8 April 2020|author= 来源：华商晨报 作者：张瀚|publisher= Finance.Ifeng.com|language=zh-cn}}</ref>
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