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[[File:Cash coin compared to the logo of Agriseco.jpg|thumb|right|A cash coin used as part of the logo of [[Agriseco]] in the [[Hoàng Mai District, Hanoi|Hoàng Mai District]], [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]].]] * https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cash_coins_in_art&oldid=948831789 {{Done|Published}}. --[[User:Donald Trung|Donald Trung]] ([[User talk:Donald Trung|talk]]) 08:05, 3 April 2020 (UTC) . '''Cash coins''' are a type of historical [[China|Chinese]], [[Japan]]ese, [[Korea]]n, [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]], and [[Vietnam]]ese coin design that was the main basic design for the [[Cash (Chinese coin)|Chinese cash]], [[Japanese mon (currency)|Japanese mon]], [[Korean mun]], [[Ryukyuan mon]], and [[Vietnamese cash|Vietnamese văn]] currencies. The cash coin became the main standard currency of China in 221 BC with the [[Ban Liang]] (半兩) and would produced until 1912 AD there with the [[Minguo Tongbao]] (民國通寶), the last series of cash coins produced in the world were the [[French Indochina|French Indochinese]] [[Bảo Đại Thông Bảo]] (保大通寶) during the 1940s.<ref name="JEAN2I">{{Cite web|url= https://issuu.com/jean388/docs/the_second_issue_of_jean/81|title=Sapeque and Sapeque-Like Coins in Cochinchina and Indochina (交趾支那和印度支那穿孔錢幣)|date=20 April 2016|accessdate=1 April 2020|work=Howard A. Daniel III (The Journal of East Asian Numismatics – Second issue)|language=en}}</ref> Cash coins are round coins with a square centre hole.<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeHuanqian">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/huanqian.html|title= huanqian 圜錢, round coins of the Warring States and the Qin Periods.|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= By Ulrich Theobald ([[Chinaknowledge]]).|language=en}}</ref> It is commonly believed that the early round coins of the [[Warring States period]] resembled the ancient jade circles (璧環) which symbolised the supposed round shape of the [[sky]], while the centre hole in this analogy is said to represent the [[planet earth]] (天圓地方).<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeHuanqian"/> The body of these early round coins was called their "flesh" (肉) and the central hole was known as "the good" (好).<ref name="ChinaKnowledgeHuanqian"/> While cash coins are no longer produced as official currency today, they remain a common motif in the countries where they once circulated and among the [[diaspora]] of those communities. Most commonly cash coins are associated with "good luck" and "wealth" today and are commonly known as "Chinese lucky coins" because of their usage in [[Chinese numismatic charm|charms]] and [[feng shui]]. Cash coins also appear in [[fortune telling]] and [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. Furthermore, cash coins are often found in the logos and emblems of financial institutions in [[East Asia]] and Vietnam because of their association with "wealth" and their historical value. == Amulets == {{Main|Chinese numismatic charm|Japanese numismatic charm|Korean numismatic charm|Vietnamese numismatic charm|Indonesian numismatic charm}} Cash coin designs are commonly used as a basic design for various amulets, talismans, and charms throughout the [[far east]], these coin-like amulets often include the general design of cash coins but with different inscriptions.<ref name="PrimaltrekChineseNumismaticCharmInscriptions">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/inscriptions.html|title= Chinese Charm Inscriptions.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="CraigGreenbaumVietnameseAmulets">{{cite web|url= https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=87111|title= Amulets of Viet Nam (Bùa Việt-Nam - 越南符銭).|date=2006|accessdate=31 March 2020|author= Craig Greenbaum|language=en}}</ref> Some amulets and charms include may also include images of cash coins as they are associated with "wealth".<ref name="PrimaltrekChineseCharmSymbolism">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html |title= The Hidden or Implied Meaning of Chinese Charm Symbols - 諧音寓意 - Differences between Chinese Coins and Chinese Charms.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref>China Buddhist Encyclopedia [http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=The_Hidden_or_Implied_Meaning_of_Chinese_Charm_Symbols The Hidden or Implied Meaning of Chinese Charm Symbols] copied from Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture). Retrieved: 1 April 2020.</ref> Sometimes images of [[sycee]]s, another form of [[ancient Chinese coinage]], are used as a symbol in amulets, talismans, and charms for "wealth".<ref name="PrimaltrekNotBeingGreadyIsATreasure">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/01/06/not-being-greedy-is-a-treasure/|title= Not Being Greedy Is a Treasure.|date=6 January 2015|accessdate=23 February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> In amulets cash coins can be a symbol not just of "wealth and prosperity", but also the word "before" and of completeness.<ref name="PrimaltrekChineseCharmSymbolism"/> The latter is because the [[Mandarin Chinese]] word for "coin" (錢, ''qián'') sounds like "before" (前, ''qián'').<ref name="PrimaltrekChineseCharmSymbolism"/> An archaic Mandarin Chinese term for coins (泉, ''quán'') sounds like the word for "complete" (全, ''quán'').<ref name="PrimaltrekChineseCharmSymbolism"/> In the [[Bali (island)|island of Bali]], [[Indonesia]] ''Pis Bolong'' ([[Cash (Chinese coin)|Chinese cash coins]]) are used as coin-charms and while both authentic and fake Chinese cash coins are used in various rituals and ceremonies by the Balinese [[Hinduism|Hindu]] community and used to make souvenir items for tourists, there exist many local versions of the ''Pis Bolong'' which are in fact amulets based on these cash coins.<ref name="BaliAround">{{cite web|url= https://www.baliaround.com/chinese-coins-in-balinese-life/|title= Chinese Coins in Balinese Life.|date=2008|accessdate=9 March 2019|author= Bali Around (Bali Hotels and Travel Guide by Baliaround.com).|language=en}}</ref> It is common for traditional Balinese families to have 200 pieces of ''Pis Bolong'' in their household to the point that cash coins could be found in almost every corner of every traditional household on the island.<ref name="Uang-Kedaluwarsa">{{cite web|url= http://www.eonet.ne.jp/~limadaki/uangkuno/coin/gobog.html|title= Mengenal Koin gobob.|date=January 2010|accessdate=11 March 2019|author= Uang-Kedaluwarsa|language=id}}</ref> == Architecture == [[File:Vietnamese cash coin temple wall decorations, Bát Tràng (2018) 01.jpg|thumb|left|A cash coin motif at a temple wall in the village of [[Bát Tràng]], [[Gia Lâm District]], [[Hanoi]].]] === Liu Song dynasty tomb === On August 13, 2013 a video broadcast by [[Hubei TV]] (HBTV 湖北网台) had revealed the discovery of an ancient tomb dating back to the [[Liu Song dynasty]] ([[Northern and Southern dynasties]] period) somewhere in June 2013, the tomb was unearthed at a construction site in the city of [[Xiangyang]], [[Hubei]].<ref name="PrimaltrekCashCoinsBricksAtASouthernDynastiesTomb">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/08/30/bricks-with-coin-design-discovered-in-southern-dynasty-tomb/|title= Bricks with Coin Design Discovered in Southern Dynasty Tomb.|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=4 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> At this tomb several of its brick display images of Chinese cash coins. Other bricks inside of this tomb display the Chinese character "Wang" (王, "[[King]]").<ref name="PrimaltrekCashCoinsBricksAtASouthernDynastiesTomb"/> According to [[Liang Chao]] (梁超), an archaeologist with the [[Xiangyang Archaeology Institute]] (襄阳市考古研究所) the bricks with the Chinese character "王" was probably the "logo" or "emblem" of the craftsman who constructed the bricks that were used to make the tomb, and note that perhaps Wang might have been a famous brand of tomb bricks during the Liu Song dynasty period.<ref name="PrimaltrekCashCoinsBricksAtASouthernDynastiesTomb"/> The owner of the tomb was identified by two bricks which contain the inscription "Nanyang Zong" (南陽宗, ''nán yáng zōng''), which note that the owner was named "[[Zong (surname)|Zong]]" (宗) and originated from the city of [[Nanyang, Henan|Nanyang]], [[Henan]].<ref name="PrimaltrekCashCoinsBricksAtASouthernDynastiesTomb"/> The tomb was identified to have been constructed in the year 461 by an inscription on a brick which reads "Song Da Ming Wu Nian Zao" (宋大明五年造, "Built in the 5th year of the Da Ming reign of the State of Song").<ref name="PrimaltrekCashCoinsBricksAtASouthernDynastiesTomb"/> Not a signle artifact was discovered inside of the Liu Sog dynasty era tomb which indicates that tomb robbers had looted it sometime in the distant past before its rediscovery.<ref name="PrimaltrekCashCoinsBricksAtASouthernDynastiesTomb"/> === Luo City Wall === During the [[Tang dynasty]] and later the [[Kingdom of Min]] periods a city wall in present-day [[Fuzhou]], [[Fujian]] was constructed under [[Wang Shenzhi]].<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/02/22/coin-design-discovered-on-wall-bricks-from-kingdom-of-min/|title= Coin Design Discovered on Wall Bricks from Kingdom of Min.|date=22 February 2012|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> The wall is made from bricks that display the design of an ancient Chinese cash coin.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> Construction of the wall began in the year 901 during the Tang dynasty and continued during the Kingdom of Min.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> In the year 2012, about 1,100 years after its construction this wall was unearthed in Fuzhou.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> Historical records specifically mention the unusual cash coin design on the bricks used to build the "[[Luo city wall]]" (羅城, ''luó chéng'') which is how archaeologists managed to identify the wall.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> Further confirmation that the archaeological find is indeed the famous "Luo City wall" constructed by the Kingdom of Min was later obtained when other bricks at the site were discovered to have the Chinese characters "威武軍" (''wēi wǔ jūn''), which translates into [[English language|English]] as the "Powerful Army", incorporated into their design.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> Wei Wu Jun was the name of the army Wang Shenzhi commanded.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> In 2012 the unearthed portions of the "Luo City wall" measures about 74 meters in length and around 8 meters in width.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> According to historical records, the "Luo City wall" was severely damaged in battle during the [[Song dynasty]] period.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> During the [[People's Republic of China]] period the site where the "Luo City wall" once stood was used as a [[rubbish dump]] and would later become the location of a transport station.<ref name="PrimaltrekKingdomOfMinCashCoinWalls"/> === Fangyuan Mansion === The famous [[Taiwan]]ese architect [[Chu-Yuan Lee]] had designed the Fangyuan Building (方圓大廈, ''fāng yuán dà shà'') in the city of [[Shenyang]], [[Liaoning]], which was completed in the year 2001.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/09/11/store-signs-of-ancient-chinese-coins/|title= Store Signs of Ancient Chinese Coins.|date=11 September 2011|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> The 25-storey high-rise building is shaped like a stack of ancient Chinese cash coins.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> The Fangyuan Mansion has been described as one of the world's ugliest buildings.<ref name="DailyMailFangyuanMansion2015">{{cite web|url= https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-3353048/The-world-s-strangest-looking-skyscrapers-revealed.html|title= Are these the world's ugliest skyscrapers? Elephants, gods and climbing babies are among the most bizarre towers in the world.|date=11 December 2015|accessdate=1 April 2020|quote= "Fenyuang Mansion, a 25-storey high-rise inspired by the ancient Chinese copper coin, was called one of the world's ugliest buildings."|author= Chris Kitching|publisher= [[Daily Mail]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="TravelPlusLeisurrFangyuanMansion2009">{{cite web|url= https://www.travelandleisure.com/culture-design/architecture-design/the-worlds-ugliest-buildings?|title= The World's Ugliest Buildings. |quote=This 25-floor office building, finished in 2001 in the northeastern capital of Liaoning Province, is a weird mishmash of ideas. One is a reference to old Chinese coins, which have square cutouts—just like the structure’s square center. Other parts of the design are like a garden-variety corporate building, with a concrete base and, on the sides, steel rims with glass grooves. '''The Ugly Truth:''' Princeton-educated Taiwanese architect C. Y. Lee, who designed Taipei 101 (the world’s tallest building until last year), wanted to meld East and West. In this creation, urban concrete-and-steel commercial structure meets ancient Chinese currency.|date=29 October 2009|accessdate=4 April 2020|author= Bunny Wong|publisher= Travel + Leisure Group|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ChinaSMACKUgliestBuildings">{{cite web|url= https://www.chinasmack.com/shengyang-fangyuan-on-cnngo-worlds-10-ugliest-buildings-list|title= Shengyang Fangyuan Makes CNN’s World’s 10 Ugliest Buildings List.|date=12 January 2012|accessdate=4 April 2020|author= Fauna|publisher= chinaSMACK|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="">{{cite web|url= https://www.businessinsider.com.au/lucky-coin-building-in-guangzhou-china-2013-9|title= They've Almost Finished Construction On This Awesome Building That Looks Like A Giant Coin.|date=27 September 2013|accessdate=4 April 2020|author= |publisher= [[Business Insider]] Australia|language=en}}</ref> == Bank logos == [[File:Vietinbank in the Hai Ba Trung district 2017.jpg|thumb|right|A [[VietinBank]] branch office in the [[Hai Bà Trưng District|Trưng Sisters District]], [[Hanoi]]. Its logo is shaped like a [[Vietnamese cash coin]].]] Several logos of Chinese banks incorporate cash coins into their designs, this is because cash coins have become a cultural icon in China, and the cash coin motif has been incorporated in the logo design of a number of major banks.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/02/10/chinese-coins-and-bank-logos/|title= Chinese Coins and Bank Logos.|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> Some banks also incorporate other forms of [[ancient Chinese coinage]] into the designs of their emblems, for example the logo of the [[People's Bank of China]] is based on [[spade money]] from the [[Warring States Period]].<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> * The logo of the [[Bank of China]] includes in its design the archetypal cash coin motif.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> It changes the design by instead of incorporating a simple square centre hole, it uses a stylised version of the Chinese character "中" (''Zhōng'', meaning "middle" or "centre") as an abbreviation for "中國" (''[[Names of China|Zhōngguó]]'', "central state").<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> * The logo of the [[Industrial and Commercial Bank of China]] uses the standard cash coin motif, but instead of having a square centre hole, it uses a stylised version of the Chinese character "工", which translates into English as "commercial".<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> The stylised centre can also be interpreted as being a capital version of the [[Latin script|Latin letter]] "I", representing the English word "industrial".<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> The "centre hole" of the cash coin motif of the logo therefore represents the essence of the bank's name both in English and in Mandarin, the "Industrial and Commercial Bank of China".<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> * The logo of the [[China Construction Bank]] incorporates two Chinese cash coins, which are placed side-by-side with a slight overlap, this overlap gives the image a [[three-dimensional]] effect.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> Furthermore, small piece of the circular design of the cash coins has been removed so that they resemble two of the Latin letter "C".<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> The two "C's" in this design stand for the English name of the bank, "China Construction".<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> * The logo of the [[Huaxia Bank]] incporates the cash coin design by using [[White space (visual arts)|white space]] rather than colouring it in.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> The white space surrounds a gray square and is enclosed by an auspicious red border based on a "[[jade dragon]]" from the [[Hongshan Culture]].<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/> The logos of a number of [[List of banks in Vietnam|Vietnamese banks]] incorporate cash coin designs, these include the logos of the [[VietinBank]], [[National Citizen Bank]] (Ngân Hàng Quốc Dân), [[Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank]], and [[SeABank]] among others.<ref name="GiangblogLogoNganHangVietNam">{{cite web|url= https://www.giangblog.com/2016/12/y-nghia-ang-sau-logo-cua-cac-ngan-hang.html?m=1|title= Ý nghĩa đằng sau logo của các ngân hàng Việt Nam.|date=December 2016|accessdate=2 April 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= GiangBLOG|language=[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]}}</ref><ref name="DesignsVNNganHangVietNam2015">{{cite web|url= http://designs.vn/tin-tuc/-tong-hop-logo-cua-cac-ngan-hang-tai-viet-nam-phan-2-_16131.html#.XoZYleduK-o|title= Tổng hợp logo của các ngân hàng tại Việt Nam (phần 2).|date=10 September 2015|accessdate=2 April 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= Designs.vn|language=[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]}}</ref> == Banknotes == Imperial Chinese banknotes that were denominated in [[String of cash coins (currency unit)|strings of cash coins]] often featured designs depicting physical strings of cash coins to showcase their [[nominal value]], usually the higher their denomination was the more cash coins were displayed on the paper note.<ref name="TheCurrencyCollectorDaMingBaoChao">{{cite web|url= http://thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Ancient_Chinese_Cash_Notes_-_The_Worlds_First_Paper_Money_-_Part_II.pdf|title= Ancient Chinese Cash Notes - The World's First Paper Money - Part II.|date=2018|accessdate=1 April 2020|author= John E. Sandrock|publisher=The Currency Collector|language=en}}</ref><ref name="GoogleArtProject">[[Google Arts & Culture]] - [https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/chinese-ming-banknote/7QEZmpS7JvAuUA?avm=4 Chinese Ming Banknote] from the collection of the [[British Museum]]. Retrieved: 14 September 2018.</ref><ref>The [[British Museum]] - [http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/complete_projects/ming_dynasty_paper_money.aspx Ming dynasty paper money: scientific analysis -The inclusion of a fourteenth-century Ming note in “A History of the World in 100 Objects” has brought unprecedented attention to these objects] by Dr. [[Helen Wang]]. Retrieved: 14 September 2018.</ref> A [[Tang dynasty]] era [[Kaiyuan Tongbao]] (開元通寳) cash coin appears on the reverse side of a [[Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar#2010 series|2010 Hong Kong banknote]] issued by the [[Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)|Standard Chartered Bank]] with a face value of [[Hong Kong dollar|$]]1,000.<ref name="StandardCharteredBank">{{cite web|url= https://av.sc.com/hk/content/docs/press_20110719.pdf|title= Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited 2010 New Series Hong Kong Banknotes.|date=|accessdate=13 March 2019|author= [[Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)]].|language=en}}</ref><ref name="HenrySteiner">{{cite web|url= https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1622030/one-man-brand|title= Henry Steiner: the king of graphic design - You've seen Henry Steiner's work. It stares at you from billboards, banks and other buildings - it's even lurking in your pocket. Sarah Lazarus meets the father of Hong Kong graphic design as he celebrates his company's 50th anniversary.|date=25 October 2014|accessdate=13 March 2019|author= Sarah Lazarus|publisher= [[South China Morning Post|Post Magazine]].|language=en}}</ref> == Ceramics == Chinese cash coins were used decoratively and symbolically at least as early as the [[Han dynasty]] period, and cash coin designs have been incised into the body of [[Chinese ceramics]] as early the [[Song dynasty]] period, such as with the ''Yaozhou [[meiping]]'' vase.<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersCeramics">{{cite web|url= https://chinesemoneymatters.wordpress.com/2020/03/29/75-chinese-coins-and-reign-base-marks-on-ceramics/|title= 75. Chinese coins and reign/base marks on ceramics.|date=29 March 2020|accessdate=1 April 2020|author= Dr. [[Helen Wang]]|publisher= Chinese Money Matters (The [[British Museum]]).|language=en}}</ref> But the usage of cash coin designs became more popular during the [[Ming dynasty]] period.<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersCeramics"/> During the [[17th century]] cash coin-like "base-marks", or ''dikuan'' (底款), began to appear using the [[Chinese era name|era names and reign titles]] of the contemporary monarch.<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersCeramics"/> Some of these base-marks are presented in a similar manner as cash coins and may contain inscriptions like [[Changing Fugui]] (長命富貴, "[[Changming Fugui]]"), while others are direct imitations of cash coins and may even include cash coin inscriptions like [[Hongwu Tongbao]] (洪武通寶).<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersCeramics"/> == Commemorative coins == In 2008 [[France]] issued two [[Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (France): 2008|commemorative coins]] that featured an image of a ''[[Kan'ei Tsūhō]]'' (寛永通寳) cash coin on its reverse, one was a silver coin with a nominal value of [[Euro|€]]1.50 and the other was a gold coin with a nominal value of €10.<ref>[[Numista]] [https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces45226.html 1½ Euro Kan'ei Tsuho]. Retrieved: 04 July 2018.</ref><ref>''Die €uro-Münzen'' (2016 edition). Publisher: Gietl Verlag. Page = 223. (in [[German language|German]]).</ref> == Flags and banners == === Oda Nobunaga === [[File:Nobunaga flag.png|thumb|150px|left|alt=Nobunaga flag|The flag (''[[Nobori]]'') of [[Oda Nobunaga]] displaying Chinese ''[[Eiraku Tsūhō]]'' (永樂通寶) cash coins.]] On the 5th month of the year Eiroku 3 (永禄三, or 1560 in the [[Gregorian calendar]]), [[daimyō]] [[Oda Nobunaga]] was preparing for the [[Battle of Okehazama]] and while he had an army of forty thousand men, he could only gather around two and a half thousand soldiers for this decisive battle, Oda Nobunaga then went to pray for a victorious military campaign at the nearby [[Atsuta-jingū]], he asked the Gods to show him a sign that his prayers would be answered and while looking at a handful of [[Yongle Tongbao|Eiraku Tsūhō]] (永樂通寶) cash coins decided to throw them in the air, when they fell back on the ground they all landed with [[Coin flipping|heads up]], he took this as a sign that the Gods would bless him and informed his men that they shall be victorious as they Gods favoured them.<ref name="MarkusseskoOdaNobunaga">{{cite web|url= https://markussesko.com/2013/05/30/the-invincibility-tsuba/|title= The "invincibility tsuba".|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=31 July 2018|work= by Markus Sesko (Markus Sesko - Translation and Research Services for Japanese Art and Antiques.).|language=en}}</ref> After winning the battle he used the Eiraku Tsūhō as a motif for his [[nobori]] (a type of flag or banner) and then he had these Eiraku Tsūhō coins inlayed on the [[tsuba]] of the sword which he carried during the battle.<ref name="MarkusseskoOdaNobunaga"/> After Oda Nobunaga's forces were victorious his retainer [[Hayashi Hidesada]] said that the Gods must've really spoken through these coins to which Nobunaga replied by saying the [[Zen Buddhism|Zen Buddhist]] proverb "I only know that I'm okay with what I got" (吾唯知足, ''ware tada taru o shiru'') and presented to him an Eiraku Tsūhō coin of which both the obverse and reverse sides were heads.<ref name="MarkusseskoOdaNobunaga"/> [[Mon (emblem)|Family crests]] with this proverb written around a square hole resembling a cash coin are not uncommon among military families.<ref name="MarkusseskoOdaNobunaga"/> Another possibility as to why Oda Nobunaga used Eiraku Tsūhō cash coins as a motif on his nobori was because Eiraku Tsūhō were originally all imported from Ming China during the [[Muromachi period]] and spread throughout Japan as the ''[[de facto]]'' currency, speculation has it that Nobunaga tried to emulate this by having Eiraku Tsūhō as his emblem meaning that his power too shall spread throughout Japan.<ref name="MarkusseskoOdaNobunaga"/> The tsuba Oda Nobunaga was carrying during his military campaigns which had the Eiraku Tsūhō inlayed into it was nicknamed the "invincibility tsuba" (まけずの鍔) as he had won all battles he had fought while carrying that tsuba.<ref name="MarkusseskoOdaNobunaga"/> The Eiraku Tsūhō are divided on this tsuba with 6 being on the omote and 7 of them are displayed on the ura side. This tsuba was declared to be a [[kokuhō]] (national treasure) in 1920.<ref name="MarkusseskoOdaNobunaga"/> == Medals and medallions == * In 1999 artist [[Mariam Fountain]] created the ''Millennium Medal'', a "good luck symbol" for the new millennium, its circular shape symbolises the heavens and the medal features a person looking through the square centre hole symbolising the planet earth, the person embraces both the new day and the wide world.<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersMilleniumMedal">{{cite web|url= https://chinesemoneymatters.wordpress.com/2018/08/17/53-the-millenium-medal-by-marian-fountain/|title= 53. The Millenium Medal, by Marian Fountain.|date=17 August 2018|accessdate=1 April 2020|author= Dr. [[Helen Wang]]|publisher= Chinese Money Matters (The [[British Museum]]).|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://derniersjourscom.wordpress.com/2018/08/20/pieces-chinoises/ Pièces chinoises] by [https://derniersjourscom.wordpress.com/author/laurentzy/ Laurent Zylberman]. Published: 20 Août 2018. Retrieved: 01 April 2020. (in [[French language|French]]).</ref> People wore this medal on January 1st, 2000 as "a prize" for just "being there" during the [[turn of the millennium]].<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersMilleniumMedal"/> A card initially accompanying the medals for those who purchased it had the statement: "to be worn and polished from hand to hand for the next 1000 years". It notes that the details of the ''Millennium Medal'' will eventually be rubbed away, which will accentuate the quintessential symbol of the planet earth and the heavens.<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersMilleniumMedal"/> The design of the ''Millennium Medal'' was later used for the [[Paris]]ian ''Franco-British Lawyers Society medal'' in 2002.<ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersMilleniumMedal"/> == Native American and Alaska natives art == [[File:Edward S. Curtis Collection People 032 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|A photograph of a young [[Wasco-Wishram|Wishram]] woman in bridal garb. Note the [[Qing dynasty coinage|Qing dynasty cash coins]] in her headdress.]] === Tlingit body armour === The [[Tlingit]]s used a body armour made from [[Cash (Chinese coin)|Chinese cash coins]], these coins were introduced by Russian traders from [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]] between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries who traded them for animal skins which were in turn traded with the Chinese for tea, silk, and porcelain by these European traders. The Tlingits believed that these cash coins would protect them from knife attacks and guns used by other indigenous American tribes and [[Russian Empire|Russians]]. Some Tlingit body armours are completely covered in [[Qing dynasty coinage|Qing dynasty era cash coins]] while others have them sewn in chevron patterns. One Russian account from a battle with the Tlingits in 1792 states "bullets were useless against the Tlingit armour", however this would've more likely be attributed to the inaccuracy of contemporary Russian smoothbore muskets than the body armour and the Chinese coins might've played a more important role in [[psychological warfare]] than have any practical application on the battlefield. Other than on their armour the Tlingits also used Chinese cash coins on masks and ceremonial robes such as the Gitxsan dancing cape as these coins were used as a symbol of wealth representing a powerful far away country. The cash coins used by the Tlingit are all from the Qing dynasty are bear inscriptions of the [[Shunzhi Emperor|Shunzhi]], [[Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]], and [[Yongzheng Emperor]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/02/01/body-armor-made-of-old-chinese-coins/|title= Body Armor Made of Old Chinese Coins.|date=1 February 2013|accessdate=3 June 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://chinesemoneymatters.wordpress.com/2017/09/11/chinese-coins-on-tlingit-armour/|title= 27. Chinese coins on Tlingit armour.|date=11 September 2017|accessdate=3 June 2018|work= Chinese Money Matters (The [[British Museum]])|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://blog.gainesvillecoins.com/2017/09/23/alaskan-tlingit-body-armor-made-coins/|title= Alaskan Tlingit Body Armor Made of Coins.|date= 23 September 2017|accessdate= 3 June 2018|work= Everett Millman (Gainesville News – Precious Metal, Financial, and Commodities News)|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180611045110/http://blog.gainesvillecoins.com/2017/09/23/alaskan-tlingit-body-armor-made-coins/|archive-date= 11 June 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45165721/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/ancient-chinese-coin-brought-good-luck-yukon/|title= Ancient Chinese Coin Brought Good Luck in Yukon.|date=2012|accessdate=3 June 2018|work= Rossella Lorenzi (for the [[Discovery Channel]]) – Hosted on [[NBC News]].|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/17th-century-chinese-coin-found-in-yukon-1.1072367|title= 17th-century Chinese coin found in Yukon - Russian traders linked China with First Nations.|date=1 November 2011|accessdate=3 June 2018|work= CBC News|language=en}}</ref> == Sand-drawings == There is a "coin-shaped sand-drawing" or ''Zenigata suna-e'' (銭形砂絵) based on the [[Japan]]ese ''[[Kan'ei Tsūhō]]'' (寛永通寳) cash coins whose origins date back to 1633 in the [[Kotohiki Park]] which lies in [[Kan'onji, Kagawa|Kan'onji]], [[Kagawa Prefecture]].<ref>Hello Japan [http://www.hellojapan.asia/en/travel-guide/zenigata-sand-painting-kotohiki-park.html Zenigata Sand Painting (Kotohiki Park)]. Retrieved: 04 July 2018.</ref> == Statues and sculptures == In 2013 a sculpture of a [[Kaiyuan Tongbao]] (開元通寳) with a diameter of 24 meters (or 78.7 feet) and a thickness of 3.8 meters (or 12.5 feet) was constructed to be displayed at the [[Baoshan National Mining Park]] (宝山国家矿山工园) [[theme park]] in the [[Guiyang Prefecture]] of [[Chenzhou]], [[Hunan]].<ref name="PrimaltrekWorldsLargesrCopperCoinSculpture">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/09/03/worlds-largest-copper-coin-sculpture/|title= World’s Largest Copper Coin Sculpture.|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=13 March 2019|author= Gary Ashkenazy ( גארי אשכנזי )|publisher= Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture.|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ChangshaNews">{{cite web|url= http://news.changsha.cn/html/409/20130830/1331546.html|title= 世界最大铜钱币雕塑落户郴州桂阳 直径24米。|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=13 March 2019|author= News.Changsha.cn|language=Zh-cn}}</ref> The sculpture is notably of a [[Kaiyuan Tongbao#Huichang era Kaiyuan Tongbao cash coins|Huichang Kaiyuan Tongbao]] with the ''Gui'' (桂) mint mark.<ref name="PrimaltrekWorldsLargesrCopperCoinSculpture"/> There is a 10 meter tall Kaiyuan Tongbao-shaped door which stands on a bridge in the [[Jiangxia District]] of [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]].<ref name="RediffWuhan">{{cite web|url= https://m.rediff.com/news/report/pix-the-odd-odd-world-we-live-in/20160518.htm|title= The odd, odd world we live in!|date=18 May 2016|accessdate=13 March 2019|author= Photograph: VCG/VCG via [[Getty Images]].|publisher= [[Rediff.com]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ForeignPolicyWuhan">{{cite web|url= https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/24/is-china-on-a-path-to-debt-ruin-chinafile-conversation-economic-reform/|title= Is China on a Path to Debt Ruin? There's still a chance to avoid the worst. It depends on how bold the government is willing to be.|date=24 May 2016|accessdate=6 April 2020|author= Houze Song, Derek Scissors, and Yukon Huang|publisher= [[Foreign Policy]]|language=en}}</ref> == Store signs == Cash coin designs are sometimes incorporated in Chinese store signs, known as ''zhāo pái'' (招牌).<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> Store signs started appearing in China during the Song dynasty period, and by the Ming and Manchu Qing dynasties Chinese shops had developed several types of store signs to help establish their identity.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> The earliest known Chinese store signs only consisted of a simple piece of cloth with some [[Traditional Chinese characters]] on it which was hung at front of the shop's door.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> These early Chinese store signs would often, only have things like "[[tea house]]", "[[restaurant]]", or "[[drugstore]]" written on them, while some store signs would have the name of the shop or shop owner on it.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> Other types of imperial Chinese store displayed a sample of the product being sold by the shop to help identify it.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> For example, a shoe store might hang a [[shoe]] from a pole to show that they sell shoes or a tobacco store may display a large wooden model of a [[tobacco leaf]] to indicate that they sold tobacco products.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> Another type of Chinese store sign design from this period that became popular was those that included symbols of "good luck" and "prosperity", rather than displaying what line of the business the shop was involved in.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> These store signs would often be based on ancient Chinese cash coins or display an image of [[Caishen]] (the Chinese God of Wealth).<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> While store signs shaped like cash coins were common in the past, in modern Chinese metropolises they have become increasingly rare.<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> Cash coin store signs may still be found in Chinese villages and often don't display any symbols associated with the business, often simply displaying [[List of Chinese cash coins by inscription|cash coin inscriptions]] and in some cases [[Chinese numismatic charm]] inscriptions like Shouxi Facai (壽喜發財, ''shòu xǐ fā cái'') which translates into English as "longevity, happiness, and make a fortune".<ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/> == Token coins == === Plantation tokens in the Dutch East Indies === The Sennah Rubber Co. Ltd. on the island of [[Sumatra]], [[Netherlands East Indies]] issued [[Milled coinage|machine-struck]] token coins that were shaped like cash coins.<ref name="Baldwin-Hong-Kong-Sennah-Rubber-Company">{{cite web|url= https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=315&lot=1199|title= COINS. INDONESIA – SUMATRA. Plantation Tokens. Sennah Rubber Co Ltd: Brass 5-Liter ryst (rice), 30mm, square central hole 8.4mm (LaWe 433 RRR). Good fine. - Estimate: US$140-180.|date=23 August 2012|accessdate=29 April 2020|author= Baldwin's Hong Kong Coin Auction|publisher= NumisBids|language=en}}</ref> These tokens were made of [[brass]] and were denominated in 5 liters of [[rice]] ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''5 liter rijst'').<ref name="Baldwin-Hong-Kong-Sennah-Rubber-Company"/> They were 30 millimeters in diameter and had a square central hole that was 8.4 millimeters in diameter.<ref name="Baldwin-Hong-Kong-Sennah-Rubber-Company"/> === Yanshoutang pharmacy tokens === In the year 1933 the [[Yanshoutang]] (延壽堂) [[pharmacy]] in the city of [[Tianjin]] issued token coins that were shaped like cash coins.<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang>{{cite web|url= http://www.transasiart.com/Numismatique/numismatique_chine/republique/jetons/ncnrepj001.htm|title= Jeton de la pharmacie Yanshoutang 延壽堂 (Tien-tsin 天津). - Yanshoutang 延壽堂 Pharmacy token (Tianjin).|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=24 April 2020|author= [[François Thierry (numismatist)|François Thierry de Crussol]] |publisher= TransAsiart|language=fr}}</ref> These pharmacy tokens were made from [[silver]] and were Ø 32 millimeters.<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang/> The large obverse inscription around the square centre hole reads ''Yan Nian Yi Shou'' (延年益壽) which translates into [[English language|English]] as "To live an extended life".<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang/> The top of the obverse side of the token has the text ''Yanshoutang Yaopu'' (延壽堂藥鋪) which means "Yanshoutang pharmacy" written from [[right to left]] inside of the rim of the coin.<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang/> The bottom of the reverse side reads ''Tianjin Fajie Majialou Nan'' (天津法界馬家樓南) which translates into English to "South of the [[Ma (surname)|Ma]] (馬) family building, [[Concessions in Tianjin#French concession (1860–1946)|French concession of Tianjin]]".<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang/> The large reverse inscription of these silver pharmacy tokens around the square centre hole read ''Yi Yuan Qian Zeng'' (一元錢贈), which translates into English as "Gift of 1 [[Yuan (currency)|yuan]]".<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang/> At the top part of the rim it reads ''Yishi Bo Qi Sun Shengchang Faming'' (醫士伯岐孫盛昌發明) written from right to left which translates into English as "Doctor Bo Qi and Sun Shengchang inventors", while the inscription at the bottom of the rim reads ''Kaishi Jinian'' (開始紀念), which translates as "Commemorating the opening".<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang/> On the right and left side of the rim are Chinese characters ''[[Chinese calendar|Gui-You]]'' (癸酉) which indicates that it was produced in 1933.<ref name="TransAsiart-Yanshoutang/> === Tong-in Market Yeopjeon tokens === At the [[Tongin Market|Tong-in Market]] (통인시장), a small market that was established in 1941 during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese occupation period]] for [[Seoul]]'s [[Japanese people|Japanese residents]] outside of the [[Gyeongbok Palace]], people can purchase [[token coin]]s shaped like ''[[yeopjeon]]'' ("leaf coins", the [[Korean language|Korean]] tern for cash coins) at shops which are members of the "Dosirak Café" (도시락) project to spend at around 70 food stores and restaurants. The shops where these ''yeopjeon'' tokens can be spend have a sign stating "通 도시락 cafe" and these tokens can be bought in [[String of cash coins (currency unit)|strings]] of 10 ''yeopjeon''. A single one of these ''yeopjeon'' tokens cost [[South Korean won|₩]]500 in 2014.<ref name="KoreaNetTonginMarket">{{cite web|url= http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Society/view?articleId=117922|title= Tongin Market draws tourists to the heart of Seoul.|date=4 March 2014|accessdate=2 October 2019|author= Jeon Han, Sohn JiAe|publisher= [[Korea.net]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="PheurontayTong-inMarketDosirakCafé">{{cite web|url= http://pheurontay.com/tong-in-market-lunchbox-dosirak-cafe/|title= Tong-in Market Dosirak Cafe: $5 Korean Lunchbox. (The Calm Chronicle - Your South Korea & World Travel Guides Curated by a Wanderluster. - By Pheuron Korea: Street Food & Markets, Seoul, Seoul: Gyeongbok Palace area, South Korea - November 28, 2014).|date=28 November 2014|accessdate=2 October 2019|author= Wanderluster|publisher= Pheurontay|language=en}}</ref> === Mikazuki-mura Edo coins === Cash coin tokens are used at the [[Mikazuki-mura]] (三日月村) [[theme park]] located in the [[Gunma Prefecture]], [[Kantō region]].<ref name="Gunma-Association-of-Tourism-Mikazuki-Mura">{{cite web|url= http://www.gtia.jp/kokusai/english/traveling/recommendation_201409.php|title= This month's recommendation - Mikazuki-mura.|date=September 2014|accessdate=5 May 2020|author= All around GUNMA (Filled with tons of information about Gunma)|publisher= Gunma Association of Tourism, Local Products & International Exchange (International Relations)|language=en}}</ref> The theme park is based on a rural village during the [[Bakumatsu]] (the late [[Edo period]]) and includes a number of attractions such as a house filled with [[Ninja]] tricks.<ref name="Gunma-Association-of-Tourism-Mikazuki-Mura"/> On the premises of the Mikazuki-mura theme park visitors have to use "[[Tokugawa coinage|Edo coins]]" to make purchases as well as to pay for the attractions.<ref name="Kaitori-Daikichi-Mikazuki-Mura">{{cite web|url= http://www.kaitori-daikichi.jp/blog/archives/22638.html|title= 2014年06月11日 - 珍品！？寛永通宝を買い取りました！- こんにちは！- 本日は先日買取させて頂いた珍商品をご紹介します。- 寛永通宝　（三日月村）.|date=11 June 2014|accessdate=5 May 2020|author= 大吉|publisher= Kaitori-Daikichi.jp|language=ja}}</ref><ref name="Gunma-Association-of-Tourism-Mikazuki-Mura"/> These tokens are purchased at a price of 100 [[Japanese yen|yen]] (円) for 1 [[Japanese mon (currency)|mon]] (文).<ref name="Kaitori-Daikichi-Mikazuki-Mura"/> The tokens are identical to the historical Edo period [[Kan'ei Tsūhō]] (寛永通寳) and [[Tenpō Tsūhō]] (天保通寳) cash coins, but contain the text "三日月村" (Mikazuki-mura) written very small on their reverse sides.<ref name="Kaitori-Daikichi-Mikazuki-Mura"/> == Video games == The ''[[Tenpō Tsūhō]]'' (天保通寳) is a collectable item in the 2013 American video game ''[[Tomb Raider (2013 video game)|Tomb Raider]]'', which can be obtained inside the Cliffside Bunker on Yamatai.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://archaeologyoftombraider.com/2014/03/13/arte-factual-tomb-raider-2013-100-mon-coin/ |title= Arte-Factual: 100 Mon Coin (Tomb Raider 2013)|date= 13 March 2014|accessdate=|work= Kelly M. (The Archeology of Tomb Raider)|language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://m.ign.com/wikis/tomb-raider/100_Mon_Coin IGN 100 Mon Coin (Tomb Raider 2013)] [[Imagine Games Network]] ([[Ziff Davis, LLC]] – [[j2 Global]], Inc.) Retrieved: 11 June 2017.</ref> == Zodiacs == The [[Chinese zodiac]] "[[Rat (zodiac)|rat]]" (鼠) is often depicted holding a cash coin.<ref name="ChinaDailyRatCashCoins2020">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202003/03/WS5e5e6352a31012821727c06b.html|title= Exquisite design marks Year of the Rat mug by award-winning designer.|date=3 March 2020|accessdate=1 April 2020|author= Huang Zhiling|publisher= [[China Daily]] ([[Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Propaganda Department]])|language=en}}</ref> This is because in [[Chinese folklore]], there is a story that once upon a time, five beautiful fairies descended to the world of the mortals and had disguised as [[rat]]s.<ref name="ChinaDailyRatCashCoins2020"/> These fairies in rat form then gathered [[sycee]]s and cash coins, and later gave all these treasures to the people.<ref name="ChinaDailyRatCashCoins2020"/> This is why the rats from the Year of the Rat (鼠年) are sometimes referred to as "money-gathering rats".<ref name="ChinaDailyRatCashCoins2020"/> == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Lei Ting curse charms, Delft (2018).jpg|Modern machine-made [[Lei Ting curse charms]] containing [[Daoism|Daoist]] imagery in [[Delft]], [[Netherlands]]. Image:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Beeld van een vrouw gemaakt van Chinese kepeng-munten TMnr 740-52.jpg|A [[Bali (island)|Balinese]] statuette of a woman made from [[Qing dynasty coinage|Qing dynasty period cash coins]] on display at the [[Tropenmuseum]], [[Amsterdam]]. Image:1 Dollar - China Specie Bank Ltd., Shanghai Branch (10-1922) 01.jpg|A 1 dollar banknote issued by the [[Shanghai]] branch of the [[China Specie Bank]] Ltd. in 1922, note that the cash coin inscription reads ''Zhonghua Guobao'' (中華國寶), which translates into [[English language|English]] as "Chinese [[national treasure]]". Image:5 Dollars - China Specie Bank Ltd., Shanghai Branch (10-1922) 01.jpg|A 5 dollars banknote issued by the Shanghai branch of the China Specie Bank Ltd. in 1922, note that the cash coin inscription reads ''Zhonghua Guobao'' (中華國寶), which translates into English as "Chinese national treasure". Image:24小时营业的工商银行自主柜员机 余华峰 - panoramio.jpg|A [[Industrial and Commercial Bank of China]] branch office in [[Altai City]], [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]], [[Xinjiang]]. Image:Bank of China Portugal representation.JPG|A [[Bank of China]] branch office in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]. Image:Edward S. Curtis Collection People 088 (cropped).jpg|A photograph of a young [[Wasco-Wishram|Wishram]] woman in bridal garb. Note the [[Qing dynasty coinage|Qing dynasty cash coins]] in her headdress. Image:Armor with coins, Tlingit, collected in Alaska in mid 1800s, hide, puffin beaks, Chinese coins from 1644-1796 - Native American collection - Peabody Museum, Harvard University - DSC06038.jpg|[[Tlingit]] body armour made with Chinese cash coins on display at the [[Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]], [[United States]]. Image:Zenigata sunae.jpeg|The coin-shaped sand-drawing" or ''Zenigata suna-e'' (銭形砂絵) based on the [[Japan]]ese ''[[Kan'ei Tsūhō]]'' (寛永通寳) cash coins whose origins date back to 1633 in the [[Kotohiki Park]] which lies in [[Kan'onji, Kagawa|Kan'onji]], [[Kagawa Prefecture]]. Image:Flag of Kanonji, Kagawa (1957–2005).svg|The former flag of Kan'onji, Kagawa. Image:Emblem of Kan'onji, Kagawa (1957–2005).svg|The former emblem of Kan'onji, Kagawa. Image:Japanese crest Eirakusenn.svg|The ''[[Mon (emblem)|mon]]'' (紋 "family crest") of the [[Sengoku clan]]. </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} == Sources == * Hartill, David (September 22, 2005). ''Cast Chinese Coins''. [[Trafford]], [[United Kingdom]]: Trafford Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1412054669}}. * Hartill, David, ''Qing cash'', [[Royal Numismatic Society]] Special Publication 37, [[London]], 2003. {{Commons category|Cash coins in art}} {{Chinese cash coin}} {{Japanese cash coin}} {{Korean cash coin}} {{Vietnamese cash coin}} [[:Category:Cash coins]] [[:Category:Visual arts]] [[:Category:Visual arts by subject]] .

Standard reference templates

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April 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
March 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= March 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
February 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
January 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
December 2019.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= December 2019|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

To use

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  • <ref name="HoreshQing">{{cite web|url= https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-10-0622-7_54-1|title= The Monetary System of China under the Qing Dynasty.|date=28 September 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|author= [[Niv Horesh]]|publisher= [[Springer Nature|Springer Link]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="HoreshQing"/>
  • <ref name="PrimalQing">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#qing_dynasty_coins|title= Chinese coins – 中國錢幣 - Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty (1644-1911)|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=30 June 2017|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimalQing"/>
  • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/01/08/the-king-of-qing-dynasty-coins/|title=The King of Qing Dynasty Coins.|date=8 January 2013|accessdate=8 January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins"/>
  • <ref name="CambridgeInflation">{{cite web|url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/hsienfeng-inflation/54A8F1ADDC871CC18F4DCFA828730DEB|title= The Hsien-Fêng Inflation (Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009).|date=October 1958|accessdate=28 July 2019|author= Jerome Ch'ên|publisher= [[SOAS University of London]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="CambridgeInflation"/>
  • <ref name="Brill2015">[https://www.academia.edu/28400259/_Silver_Copper_Rice_and_Debt_Monetary_Policy_and_Office_Selling_in_China_during_the_Taiping_Rebellion_in_Money_in_Asia_1200_1900_Small_Currencies_in_Social_and_Political_Contexts_ed._by_Jane_Kate_Leonard_and_Ulrich_Theobald_Leiden_Brill_2015_343-395 “Silver, Copper, Rice, and Debt: Monetary Policy and Office Selling in China during the Taiping Rebellion,” in Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, ed.] by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald, [[Leiden]]: Brill, 2015, 343-395.</ref>
    • <ref name="Brill2015"/>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa">{{cite web|url= http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/41940/1/WP159.pdf|title= Money and Monetary System in China in the 19th-20th Century: An Overview. (Working Papers No. 159/12)|date=January 2012|accessdate=26 January 2020|author= Debin Ma|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa"/>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan">{{cite web|url= http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3307/1/Yan_In_Search_of_Power.pdf|title= In Search of Power and Credibility - Essays on Chinese Monetary History (1851-1845).|date=March 2015|accessdate=8 February 2020|author= Xun Yan|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]]||language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan"/>

Note about the article

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This article can basically be used as the "miscellaneous" for anything related to cash coins outside of Chinese numismatic charms and other forms of Oriental amulets, to be "dumped" here, as the world of cash coins is quite vast and not all topics can be covered justly in existing articles.

More sources to use

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  • <ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/09/11/store-signs-of-ancient-chinese-coins/|title= Store Signs of Ancient Chinese Coins.|date=11 September 2011|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsStoreSigns"/>
  • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfMinCashCoinWalls">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/02/22/coin-design-discovered-on-wall-bricks-from-kingdom-of-min/|title= Coin Design Discovered on Wall Bricks from Kingdom of Min.|date=22 February 2012|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfMinCashCoinWalls"/>
  • <ref name="PrimaltrekWorldsLargesrCopperCoinSculpture">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/09/03/worlds-largest-copper-coin-sculpture/|title=World’s Largest Copper Coin Sculpture.|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekWorldsLargesrCopperCoinSculpture"/>
  • <ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/02/10/chinese-coins-and-bank-logos/|title= Chinese Coins and Bank Logos.|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekAncientChineseCoinsAndBankLogos"/>
  • <ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersMilleniumMedal">{{cite web|url= https://chinesemoneymatters.wordpress.com/2018/08/17/53-the-millenium-medal-by-marian-fountain/|title= 53. The Millenium Medal, by Marian Fountain.|date=17 August 2018|accessdate=1 April 2020|author= Dr. [[Helen Wang]]|publisher= Chinese Money Matters (The [[British Museum]]).|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://derniersjourscom.wordpress.com/2018/08/20/pieces-chinoises/ Pièces chinoises] by [https://derniersjourscom.wordpress.com/author/laurentzy/ Laurent Zylberman]. Published: 20 Août 2018. Retrieved: 01 April 2020. (in [[French language|French]]).</ref>
  • <ref name="ChineseMoneyMattersCeramics">{{cite web|url= https://chinesemoneymatters.wordpress.com/2020/03/29/75-chinese-coins-and-reign-base-marks-on-ceramics/|title= 75. Chinese coins and reign/base marks on ceramics.|date=29 March 2020|accessdate=1 April 2020|author= Dr. [[Helen Wang]]|publisher= Chinese Money Matters (The [[British Museum]]).|language=en}}</ref>

Even more sources to use

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  • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202003/03/WS5e5e6352a31012821727c06b.html
    • <ref name="ChinaDailyRatCashCoins2020">{{cite web|url= http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202003/03/WS5e5e6352a31012821727c06b.html|title= Exquisite design marks Year of the Rat mug by award-winning designer.|date=3 March 2020|accessdate=1 April 2020|author= Huang Zhiling|publisher= [[China Daily]] ([[Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Propaganda Department]])|language=en}}</ref>
  • https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-3353048/The-world-s-strangest-looking-skyscrapers-revealed.html
    • Quote: "Fenyuang Mansion, a 25-storey high-rise inspired by the ancient Chinese copper coin, was called one of the world's ugliest buildings."
      • <ref name="DailyMailFangyuanMansion2015">{{cite web|url= https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-3353048/The-world-s-strangest-looking-skyscrapers-revealed.html|title= Are these the world's ugliest skyscrapers? Elephants, gods and climbing babies are among the most bizarre towers in the world.|date=11 December 2015|accessdate=1 April 2020|quote= "Fenyuang Mansion, a 25-storey high-rise inspired by the ancient Chinese copper coin, was called one of the world's ugliest buildings."|author= Chris Kitching|publisher= [[Daily Mail]]|language=en}}</ref>
  • https://www.baliaround.com/chinese-coins-in-balinese-life/
    • <ref name="BaliAroundPisBolong">{{cite web|url= https://www.baliaround.com/chinese-coins-in-balinese-life/|title= Chinese Coins in Balinese Life.|date=March 2020|accessdate=2 April 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= Bali Around (Bali Hotels and Travel Guide by Baliaround.com)|language=en}}</ref>

Accidentally counted it

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  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/05/14/song-dynasty-coins-in-a-ming-dynasty-tomb/|title=Song Dynasty Coins in a Ming Dynasty Tomb by Gary Ashkenazy on May 14, 2013 Why would a Ming Dynasty tomb contain coins only from the Song Dynasty? This was the question faced by archaeologists excavating a tomb in Longshan Village (龙山村) according to an article published in the May 6, 2013 edition of the Pengcheng Daily (彭城晚报)..|date=Gary Ashkenazy on May 14, 2013|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

Not a cash coin

[edit]
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/05/four-happinesses-window/|title=“Four Happinesses” Window by Gary Ashkenazy on December 5, 2011. A 200-year-old carved wooden window, described as a rare and exquisite treasure, was recently discovered in a small village flea market in China’s southwest Yunnan Province, according to an article in the Kunming Daily (昆明日报). Mr. Yang Anning (杨安宁), a well-known expert in ancient Chinese architecture, described the well-preserved window as a “cultural heritage gem” having the distinctive artistic style of a Yunnan carved wooden window from the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).|date=by Gary Ashkenazy on December 5, 2011|accessdate=1 April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

Avatar: The Last Airbender

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Cash coin designs were used in this American cartoon, unfortunately I can't find any non-user generated sources that cover this design.

Redirect

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  • #REDIRECT [[Cash coins in art]]
  1. Cash coin in art.
  2. Chinese coins in art.
  3. Chinese coin in art.
  4. Chinese lucky coins in art.
  5. Chinese lucky coin in art.
  6. Chinese good luck coins in art.
  7. Chinese good luck coin in art.
  8. Square holed coins in art.
  9. Square holed coin in art.
  10. Cash Coins in art.

Gallery2

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