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User:Don Lope/Sandbox US Open

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A brown-haired man with white shorts, a blue shirt and a blue headband swings a right-handed forehand on a hard court surface
Swiss Roger Federer won an Open Era record five consecutive titles at the US Open between 2004 and 2008.

The US Open[a] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1881 and played on outdoor hard courts[b] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, New York City, United States.[1] The men's singles was the first event contested in 1881.[2] The US Open is played during two weeks in late August, early September, and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[3]

Newport (1881–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1920, 1924–1977), and Philadelphia (1921–1923) all held the event before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City.[4] The inaugural tournament, in 1881, was reserved to United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) clubs members, before the championships opened to international competition.[2]

The men's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1884 to 1911, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner then faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All-Comers winner was awarded the title six times (1888, 1893, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1912 edition.[5] Since 1881, all matches but the All-Comers final and the challenge round were played at the best-of-three sets, before the event switched to best-of-five for all rounds in 1886. Best-of-three sets matches were reintroduced for early rounds in 1917, from 1943 to 1945, and from 1975 to 1978.[5] Before 1884, the winner of the next game at five games – all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which were won with six games and a two games advantage. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds in 1884, and used for all sets in all rounds from 1887 to 1969.[5] The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-12 points lingering death version since 1975.[5][6][7] The court surface changed twice, from grass (1881–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to hard courts, since 1978.[8]

The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with his name.[9] In 2008, the winner received prize money of $1,500,000.[10] A bonus pool of $1,000,000 is also offered to US Open champions having clinched the first place of the US Open Series.[11]

Richard Sears (winner, 1881–1887), William Larned (winner, 1901–1902, 1907–1911) and Bill Tilden (winner, 1920–1925, 1929) hold the all-time record for most titles in the men's singles with seven victories each. Four of Sears' wins and all of Larned's, however, came within the challenge round format, and they won respectively only thrice and twice after going through a complete draw. Sears also holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with seven from 1881 to 1887. Without the challenge round, the record stands at six, and is held by Tilden (1920–1925).[3]

Champions

[edit]
A man in white pants and shirt swings a wooden racket on a grass court, with other male and female tennis players in the background
William Larned took seven titles at the event.
A black-haired man in a white shirt poses for the picture
Maurice McLoughlin won the first editions outside of the challenge round system, in 1912 and 1913.
A black-haired man in a dark trench coat poses the picture, looking towards the camera
Richard Norris Williams won two titles at the event.
A black-haired man in a white shirt and a black sweater poses for the camera
René Lacoste won twice in 1926 and 1927.
A man in white shorts and a white shirt swings a wooden racket with his right arm on a tennis court at night
Pancho Gonzales titled in 1948 and 1949.
A black-haired man in a white suit and a black tie smiles as he poses for the picture
Ken Rosewall won as an amateur in 1956 and as a professional in 1970.
A man dressed in white, with shorts and a polo shirt, with a wooden racket in his left hand, bends his knees in front of a tennis net, on a grass court
Grand Slam winner Rod Laver titled twice in New York City.
A brown-haired man dressed in a white shirt swings a two-handed backhand
Jimmy Connors won the US Open five times.
A grey-haired man in a grey suit and tie raises his left hand
John McEnroe won four of his seven Grand Slams in New York City.
A black-haired man in white shorts and a white shirt prepares to serve with a modern racket
Pete Sampras took five titles in New York City.
Regular competition
USNLTA clubs members only event *
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊
Year[c] Country Champion Country Runner-up Score in the final
1881  USA Richard Sears *  USA William Glyn 6–0, 6–3, 6–2
1882  USA Richard Sears  USA Clarence Clark 6–1, 6–4, 6–0
1883  USA Richard Sears  USA James Dwight 6–2, 6–0, 9–7
1884  USA Richard Sears †  USA Howard Taylor 6–0, 1–6, 6–0, 6–2
1885  USA Richard Sears †  USA Godfrey Brinley 6–3, 4–6, 6–0, 6–3
1886  USA Richard Sears †  USA Robert Livingston Beeckman 4–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–4
1887  USA Richard Sears †  USA Henry Slocum 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1888  USA Henry Slocum ◊  USA Howard Taylor 6–4, 6–1, 6–0
1889  USA Henry Slocum †  USA Quincy Shaw 6–3, 6–1, 4–6, 6–2
1890  USA Oliver Campbell ‡  USA Henry Slocum 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1
1891  USA Oliver Campbell †  USA Clarence Hobart 2–6, 7–5, 7–9, 6–1, 6–2
1892  USA Oliver Campbell †  USA Frederick Hovey 7–5, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5
1893  USA Robert Wrenn ◊  USA Frederick Hovey 6–4, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
1894  USA Robert Wrenn †  USA Manliff Goodbody 6–8, 6–1, 6–4, 6–4
1895  USA Frederick Hovey ‡  USA Robert Wrenn 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
1896  USA Robert Wrenn ‡  USA Frederick Hovey 7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 1–6, 6–1
1897  USA Robert Wrenn †  GBR Wilberforce Eaves 4–6, 8–6, 6–3, 2–6, 6–2
1898  USA Malcolm Whitman ◊  USA Dwight Davis 3–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1
1899  USA Malcolm Whitman †  USA Jahial Parmly Paret 6–1, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5
1900  USA Malcolm Whitman †  USA William Larned 6–4, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2
1901  USA William Larned ◊  USA Beals Wright 6–2, 6–8, 6–4, 6–4
1902  USA William Larned †  GBR Reginald Doherty 4–6, 6–2, 6–4, 8–6
1903  GBR Lawrence Doherty ‡  USA William Larned 6–0, 6–3, 10–8
1904  USA Holcombe Ward ◊  USA William Clothier 10–8, 6–4, 9–7
1905  USA Beals Wright ‡  USA Holcombe Ward 6–2, 6–1, 11–9
1906  USA William Clothier ‡  USA Beals Wright 6–3, 6–0, 6–4
1907  USA William Larned ◊  USA Robert LeRoy 6–2, 6–2, 6–4
1908  USA William Larned †  USA Beals Wright 6–1, 6–2, 8–6
1909  USA William Larned †  USA William Clothier 6–1, 6–2, 5–7, 1–6, 6–1
1910  USA William Larned †  USA Tom Bundy 6–1, 5–7, 6–0, 6–8, 6–1
1911  USA William Larned †  USA Maurice McLoughlin 6–4, 6–4, 6–2
1912  USA Maurice McLoughlin  USA Wallace Johnson 3–6, 2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1913  USA Maurice McLoughlin  USA Richard Norris Williams 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1
1914  USA Richard Norris Williams  USA Maurice McLoughlin 6–3, 8–6, 10–8
1915  USA Bill Johnston  USA Maurice McLoughlin 1–6, 6–0, 7–5, 10–8
1916  USA Richard Norris Williams  USA Bill Johnston 4–6, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2, 6–4
1917  USA Lindley Murray[d]  USA Nathaniel Niles 5–7, 8–6, 6–3, 6–3
1918  USA Lindley Murray  USA Bill Tilden 6–3, 6–1, 7–5
1919  USA Bill Johnston  USA Bill Tilden 6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1920  USA Bill Tilden  USA Bill Johnston 6–1, 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–3
1921  USA Bill Tilden  USA Wallace Johnson 6–1, 6–3, 6–1
1922  USA Bill Tilden  USA Bill Johnston 4–6, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4
1923  USA Bill Tilden  USA Bill Johnston 6–4, 6–1, 6–4
1924  USA Bill Tilden  USA Bill Johnston 6–1, 9–7, 6–2
1925  USA Bill Tilden  USA Bill Johnston 4–6, 11–9, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3
1926  FRA René Lacoste  FRA Jean Borotra 6–4, 6–0, 6–4
1927  FRA René Lacoste  USA Bill Tilden 11–9, 6–3, 11–9
1928  FRA Henri Cochet  USA Francis Hunter 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 6–3
1929  USA Bill Tilden  USA Francis Hunter 3–6, 6–3, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4
1930  USA John Doeg  USA Francis Shields 10–8, 1–6, 6–4, 16–14
1931  USA Ellsworth Vines  USA George Lott 7–9, 6–3, 9–7, 7–5
1932  USA Ellsworth Vines  FRA Henri Cochet 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1933  GBR Fred Perry  AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 11–13, 4–6, 6–0, 6–1
1934  GBR Fred Perry  USA Wilmer Allison 6–4, 6–3, 1–6, 8–6
1935  USA Wilmer Allison  USA Sidney Wood 6–2, 6–2, 6–3
1936  GBR Fred Perry  USA Don Budge 2–6, 6–2, 8–6, 1–6, 10–8
1937  USA Don Budge  GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–1, 7–9, 6–1, 3–6, 6–1
1938  USA Don Budge  USA Gene Mako 6–3, 6–8, 6–2, 6–1
1939  USA Bobby Riggs  USA Welby Van Horn 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1940  USA Don McNeill  USA Bobby Riggs 4–6, 6–8, 6–3, 6–3, 7–5
1941  USA Bobby Riggs  USA Frank Kovacs 5–7, 6–1, 6–3, 6–3
1942  USA Ted Schroeder  USA Frank Parker 8–6, 7–5, 3–6, 4–6, 6–2
1943  USA Joseph Hunt  USA Jack Kramer 6–3, 6–8, 10–8, 6–0
1944  USA Frank Parker  USA Bill Talbert 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3
1945  USA Frank Parker  USA Bill Talbert 14–12, 6–1, 6–2
1946  USA Jack Kramer  USA Tom Brown 9–7, 6–3, 6–0
1947  USA Jack Kramer  USA Frank Parker 4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 6–3
1948  USA Pancho Gonzales  RSA Eric Sturgess 6–2, 6–3, 14–12
1949  USA Pancho Gonzales  USA Ted Schroeder 16–18, 2–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–4
1950  USA Arthur Larsen  USA Herbert Flam 6–3, 4–6, 5–7, 6–4, 6–3
1951  AUS Frank Sedgman  USA Vic Seixas 6–4, 6–1, 6–1
1952  AUS Frank Sedgman  USA Gardnar Mulloy 6–1, 6–2, 6–3
1953  USA Tony Trabert  USA Vic Seixas 6–3, 6–2, 6–3
1954  USA Vic Seixas  AUS Rex Hartwig 3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1955  USA Tony Trabert  AUS Ken Rosewall 9–7, 6–3, 6–3
1956  AUS Ken Rosewall  AUS Lew Hoad 4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–3
1957  AUS Malcolm Anderson  AUS Ashley Cooper 10–8, 7–5, 6–4
1958  AUS Ashley Cooper  AUS Malcolm Anderson 6–2, 3–6, 4–6, 10–8, 8–6
1959  AUS Neale Fraser  USA Alex Olmedo 6–3, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4
1960  AUS Neale Fraser  AUS Rod Laver 6–4, 6–4, 9–7
1961  AUS Roy Emerson  AUS Rod Laver 7–5, 6–3, 6–2
1962  AUS Rod Laver  AUS Roy Emerson 6–2, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
1963  MEX Rafael Osuna  USA Frank Froehling 7–5, 6–4, 6–2
1964  AUS Roy Emerson  AUS Fred Stolle 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1965  ESP Manuel Santana  RSA Cliff Drysdale 6–2, 7–9, 7–5, 6–1
1966  AUS Fred Stolle  AUS John Newcombe 4–6, 12–10, 6–3, 6–4
1967  AUS John Newcombe  USA Clark Graebner 4–6, 12–10, 6–3, 6–4
1968  USA Arthur Ashe[e]  NED Tom Okker 14–12, 5–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3
1969  AUS Rod Laver  AUS Tony Roche 7–9, 6–1, 6–2, 6–2
1970  AUS Ken Rosewall  AUS Tony Roche 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(5–2), 6–3
1971  USA Stan Smith  TCH Jan Kodeš 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6(5–3)
1972  ROU Ilie Năstase  USA Arthur Ashe 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(1–5), 6–4, 6–3
1973  AUS John Newcombe  TCH Jan Kodeš 6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1974  USA Jimmy Connors  AUS Ken Rosewall 6–1, 6–0, 6–1
1975  ESP Manuel Orantes  USA Jimmy Connors 6–4, 6–3, 6–3
1976  USA Jimmy Connors  SWE Björn Borg 6–4, 3–6, 7–6(11–9), 6–4
1977  ARG Guillermo Vilas  USA Jimmy Connors 2–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 6–0
1978  USA Jimmy Connors  SWE Björn Borg 6–4, 6–2, 6–2
1979  USA John McEnroe  USA Vitas Gerulaitis 7–5, 6–3, 6–3
1980  USA John McEnroe  SWE Björn Borg 7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–7(5–7), 5–7, 6–4
1981  USA John McEnroe  SWE Björn Borg 4–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–3
1982  USA Jimmy Connors  TCH Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4
1983  USA Jimmy Connors  TCH Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–5, 6–0
1984  USA John McEnroe  TCH Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1
1985  TCH Ivan Lendl  USA John McEnroe 7–6(7–1), 6–3, 6–4
1986  TCH Ivan Lendl  TCH Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0
1987  TCH Ivan Lendl  SWE Mats Wilander 6–7(7–9), 6–0, 7–6(7–4), 6–4
1988  SWE Mats Wilander  TCH Ivan Lendl 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4
1989  FRG Boris Becker  TCH Ivan Lendl 7–6(7–2), 1–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4)
1990  USA Pete Sampras  USA Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2
1991  SWE Stefan Edberg  USA Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0
1992  SWE Stefan Edberg  USA Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–5), 6–2
1993  USA Pete Sampras  FRA Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1994  USA Andre Agassi  GER Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 7–5
1995  USA Pete Sampras  USA Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5
1996  USA Pete Sampras  USA Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6(7–3)
1997  AUS Patrick Rafter  GBR Greg Rusedski 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5
1998  AUS Patrick Rafter  AUS Mark Philippoussis 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0
1999  USA Andre Agassi  USA Todd Martin 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(2–7), 6–3, 6–2
2000  RUS Marat Safin  USA Pete Sampras 6–4, 6–3, 6–3
2001  AUS Lleyton Hewitt  USA Pete Sampras 7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–1
2002  USA Pete Sampras  USA Andre Agassi 6–3, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
2003  USA Andy Roddick  ESP Juan Carlos Ferrero 6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3
2004   SUI Roger Federer  AUS Lleyton Hewitt 6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0
2005   SUI Roger Federer  USA Andre Agassi 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(7–1), 6–1
2006   SUI Roger Federer  USA Andy Roddick 6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–1
2007   SUI Roger Federer  SRB Novak Ðoković 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–2), 6–4
2008   SUI Roger Federer  GBR Andy Murray 6–2, 7–5, 6–2

Statistical information

[edit]
A black and white picture of two players in white pants and shirts playing on a grass court in front of a small crowd
A grass court match in Newport during the 1911 U.S. National Championships
A view of the main court surrounded by crowded bleachers
Arthur Ashe Stadium has been the tournament's main court since 1997
Two men playing on a blue and green hard court, surrounded by crowded bleachers
The main court during a 2008 quarterfinal encounter between Roddick and Ðoković.
Around thiry soldiers hold a giant American flag on a blue and green hard court, surrounded by crowded bleachers
The American flag unfolded during the 2008 US Open opening ceremonies
A man in brown shorts and an orange shirt holds a silver trophy, with photographers shooting him in the background, and several American flags in the foreground
Roger Federer holding the men's singles champion's trophy after his 2008 victory
A man in black shorts and a black short kisses a silver trophy, with dozens of photographers shooting him in the background
Photographers shooting 2007 champion Roger Federer with the US Open trophy

Multiple champions

[edit]
USNLTA clubs members only event
Title defended in the challenge round
Active player +
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
 William Larned (USA) 7 0 7 1901, 1902, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911
 Richard Sears (USA) 7 0 7 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
 Bill Tilden (USA) 7 0 7 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929
 Jimmy Connors (USA) 0 5 5 1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983
 Roger Federer (SUI) + 0 5 5 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Pete Sampras (USA) 0 5 5 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002
 John McEnroe (USA) 0 4 4 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984
 Robert Wrenn (USA) 4 0 4 1893, 1894, 1896, 1897
 Oliver Campbell (USA) 3 0 3 1890, 1891, 1892
 Ivan Lendl (TCH) 0 3 3 1985, 1986, 1987
 Fred Perry (GBR) 3 0 3 1933, 1934, 1936
 Malcolm Whitman (USA) 3 0 3 1898, 1899, 1900
 Andre Agassi (USA) 0 2 2 1994, 1999
 Don Budge (USA) 2 0 2 1937, 1938
 Stefan Edberg (SWE) 0 2 2 1991, 1992
 Roy Emerson (AUS) 2 0 2 1961, 1964
 Neale Fraser (AUS) 2 0 2 1959, 1960
 Pancho Gonzales (USA) 2 0 2 1948, 1949
 Bill Johnston (USA) 2 0 2 1915, 1919
 Jack Kramer (USA) 2 0 2 1946, 1947
 René Lacoste (FRA) 2 0 2 1926, 1927
 Rod Laver (AUS) 1 1 2 1962, 1969
 Maurice McLoughlin (USA) 2 0 2 1912, 1913
 Lindley Murray (USA) 2 0 2 1917, 1918
 John Newcombe (AUS) 1 1 2 1967, 1973
 Frank Parker (USA) 2 0 2 1944, 1945
 Patrick Rafter (AUS) 0 2 2 1997, 1998
 Bobby Riggs (USA) 2 0 2 1939, 1941
 Ken Rosewall (AUS) 1 1 2 1956, 1970
 Frank Sedgman (AUS) 2 0 2 1951, 1952
 Henry Slocum (USA) 2 0 2 1888, 1889
 Tony Trabert (USA) 2 0 2 1953, 1955
 Ellsworth Vines (USA) 2 0 2 1931, 1932
 Richard Norris Williams (USA) 2 0 2 1914, 1916

Champions by country

[edit]
Former country ¤
Country Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
 United States (USA) 66 19 85 1881 2003
 Australia (AUS) 12 6 18 1951 2001
  Switzerland (SUI) 0 5 5 2004 2008
 United Kingdom (UK/GBR)[f] 4 0 4 1903 1936
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) ¤[g] 0 3 3 1985 1987
 France (FRA) 3 0 3 1926 1928
 Sweden (SWE) 0 3 3 1988 1992
 Spain (ESP) 1 1 2 1965 1975
 Argentina (ARG) 0 1 1 1977 1977
 Germany (GER)[h] 0 1 1 1989 1989
 Mexico (MEX) 1 0 1 1963 1963
 Romania (ROU) 0 1 1 1972 1972
 Russia (RUS) 0 1 1 2000 2000

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
General
  • "History > Men's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  • "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Specific
  1. ^ "Tournament profile - US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  2. ^ a b c "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06708. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ a b c "History > Men's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  4. ^ a b "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  5. ^ a b c d Talbert, William F. (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881-1966. Barre Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  7. ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  8. ^ Susan B. Adams (1998-08-30). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration - A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  9. ^ Howard Fendrich (2008-10-09). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  10. ^ "2008 Prize Money". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  11. ^ "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  12. ^ "List of Classified Court Surfaces". itftennis.com. ITF Licensing. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
  13. ^ Williams, Paul B. (1921). United States Lawn Tennis Association and the World War. United States National Lawn Tennis Association, Robert Hamilton company.
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