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A man in white and blue shorts and T-shirt with a white baseball cap, raises his right arm, holding a modern racket, as he prepares to serve
American Andre Agassi holds an Open era record of four singles titles.

The Australian Open[a] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1905 and played on outdoor hard courts[b][c] at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia.[1] The men's singles was one of the two first events contested in 1905. The Australian Open is played during two weeks mid-January, and has been chronologically the first of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987. The event was not held from 1916 to 1918 because of World War I, from 1940 to 1945 because of World War II, and in 1986 because of a date change.[2][3]

Christchurch and Hastings, New Zealand, and Perth, Brisbane, Adelaide, Sydney, and Melbourne, Australia all held the event, which switched location every year before it settled in 1972 at the Kooyong Stadium, moving to Flinders Park, now Melbourne Park, in 1988.[2] Several calendar changes also took place for the Australian Open, from January to December in 1972 to bypass the January-to-June International Lawn Tennis Federation (ITLF) ban of World Championship Tennis (WCT) players; from late to early December in 1977 to avoid the Christmas holidays, which resulted in having two Opens in the season[4]; and back to January, when the planned December 1986 edition was moved to early 1987, leaving no Open for the 1986 season.[5][6]

The men's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. Since the first championships, the event has been contested in a knockout format, and all matches played at the best-of-five sets, except in 1970, 1973, and 1974, when the first round was played at the best-of-three.[1] All sets were decided since 1905 in the advantage format, with six games and two games difference. The lingering death best-of-twelve points tie-break was introduced in 1971, and used for the first four sets since then, except from 1980 to 1982, when the tie-break was also played in fifth sets.[1][7] The court surface changed once, from grass (1905–1987) to hard courts, since the move to Flinders Park in 1988.[2][8][9]

The champion receives a miniature replica of the silver-gilt Norman Brookes Challenge Cup, named after the 1911 champion, and former Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA) president, and modeled after the Warwick Vase.[10] In 2009, the winner received prize money of A$2,000,000.[11]

Roy Emerson (winner, 1961, 1963–1967) holds both the record for most titles with six victories, and for most consecutive titles with five from 1963 to 1967.[3]

Champions

[edit]
A man in white, with long pants and a sweater, holding a wooden racket in his right hand, looks into the camera
Anthony Wilding was the first multiple champion of the tournament.
A black-haired man in a white shirt with sleeves rolled up looks into the camera, posing
James Anderson clinched three titles in Australia.
A man in white, with long pants and a shirt, swings a racket with his right hand on a grass court
Jack Crawford won three of the seven finals he reached at the event.
A black-haired man in a white polo shirt poses for a portrait, looking into the camera as he stands next to a tennis net, holding a wooden racket
Adrian Quist titled in 1936, 1940 and 1948.
A man dressed in white, with shorts and a polo shirt, with a wooden racket in his left hand, bends his knees in front of a tennis net, on a grass court
Grand Slam winner Rod Laver took three titles at the Australian event.
A black-haired man in a white suit and a black tie smiles as he poses for the picture
Ken Rosewall won four singles championships.
A man with long dark hair, dressed in white shorts and a polo shirt, extends his right arm, holding a racket, as he tries to reach a tennis ball
Guillermo Vilas won the Australian Open twice.
A man in a white warm-up jacket looks into the camera as he poses, holding a silver trophy in his hands
Mats Wilander won three Australian Open titles.
A brown-haired man in a white polo shirt moves towards the camera, as a ball can be seen bouncing in the foreground
Roger Federer took three titles in Melbourne.
Regular competition
No competition •
Year[d] Country Champion Country Runner-up Score in the final
1905  AUS Rodney Heath  AUS Arthur Curtis 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
1906  NZL Anthony Wilding  NZL Francis Fisher 6–0, 6–4, 6–4
1907  AUS Horace Rice  AUS Harry Parker 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
1908  USA Fred Alexander  AUS Alfred Dunlop 3–6, 3–6, 6–0, 6–2, 6–3
1909  NZL Anthony Wilding  AUS Ernie Parker 6–1, 7–5, 6–2
1910  AUS Rodney Heath  AUS Horace Rice 6–4, 6–3, 6–2
1911  AUS Norman Brookes  AUS Horace Rice 6–1, 6–2, 6–3
1912  GBR James Cecil Parke  GBR Alfred Beamish 3–6, 6–3, 1–6, 6–1, 7–5
1913  AUS Ernie Parker  AUS Harry Parker 2–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1914  AUS Arthur O'Hara Wood  AUS Gerald Patterson 6–4, 6–3, 5–7, 6–1
1915  GBR Gordon Lowe  AUS Horace Rice 4–6, 6–1, 6–1, 6–4
1916 — None •[e] — — —
1917 — None • — — —
1918 — None • — — —
1919  GBR Algernon Kingscote  AUS Eric Pockley 6–4, 6–0, 6–3
1920  AUS Pat O'Hara Wood  AUS Ronald Thomas 6–3, 4–6, 6–8, 6–1, 6–3
1921  AUS Rhys Gemmell  AUS Alf Hedeman 7–5, 6–1, 6–4
1922  AUS James Anderson  AUS Gerald Patterson 6–0, 3–6, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
1923  AUS Pat O'Hara Wood  AUS Bert St. John 6–1, 6–1, 6–3
1924  AUS James Anderson  AUS Richard Schlesinger 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 5–7, 6–3
1925  AUS James Anderson  AUS Gerald Patterson 11–9, 2–6, 6–2, 6–3
1926  AUS John Hawkes  AUS James Willard 6–1, 6–3, 6–1
1927  AUS Gerald Patterson  AUS John Hawkes 3–6, 6–4, 3–6, 18–16, 6–3
1928  FRA Jean Borotra  AUS Jack Cummings 6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 5–7, 6–3
1929  GBR John Colin Gregory  AUS Richard Schlesinger 6–2, 6–2, 5–7, 7–5
1930  AUS Edgar Moon  AUS Harry Hopman 6–3, 6–1, 6–3
1931  AUS Jack Crawford  AUS Harry Hopman 6–4, 6–2, 2–6, 6–1
1932  AUS Jack Crawford  AUS Harry Hopman 4–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–1
1933  AUS Jack Crawford  USA Keith Gledhill 2–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–2
1934  GBR Fred Perry  AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 7–5, 6–1
1935  AUS Jack Crawford  GBR Fred Perry 2–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1936  AUS Adrian Quist  AUS Jack Crawford 6–2, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 9–7
1937  AUS Vivian McGrath  AUS John Bromwich 6–3, 1–6, 6–0, 2–6, 6–1
1938  USA Don Budge  AUS John Bromwich 6–4, 6–2, 6–1
1939  AUS John Bromwich  AUS Adrian Quist 6–4, 6–1, 6–3
1940  AUS Adrian Quist  AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 6–1, 6–2
1941 — None •[f] — — —
1942 — None • — — —
1943 — None • — — —
1944 — None • — — —
1945 — None • — — —
1946  AUS John Bromwich  AUS Dinny Pails 5–7, 6–3, 7–5, 3–6, 6–2
1947  AUS Dinny Pails  AUS John Bromwich 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 8–6
1948  AUS Adrian Quist  AUS John Bromwich 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 6–3
1949  AUS Frank Sedgman  AUS John Bromwich 6–3, 6–2, 6–2
1950  AUS Frank Sedgman  AUS Ken McGregor 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–1
1951  USA Dick Savitt  AUS Ken McGregor 6–3, 2–6, 6–3, 6–1
1952  AUS Ken McGregor  AUS Frank Sedgman 7–5, 12–10, 2–6, 6–2
1953  AUS Ken Rosewall  AUS Mervyn Rose 6–0, 6–3, 6–4
1954  AUS Mervyn Rose  AUS Rex Hartwig 6–2, 0–6, 6–4, 6–2
1955  AUS Ken Rosewall  AUS Lew Hoad 9–7, 6–4, 6–4
1956  AUS Lew Hoad  AUS Ken Rosewall 6–4, 3–6, 6–4, 7–5
1957  AUS Ashley Cooper  AUS Neale Fraser 6–3, 9–11, 6–4, 6–2
1958  AUS Ashley Cooper  AUS Malcolm Anderson 7–5, 6–3, 6–4
1959  USA[g] Alex Olmedo  AUS Neale Fraser 6–1, 6–2, 3–6, 6–3
1960  AUS Rod Laver  AUS Neale Fraser 5–7, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6, 8–6
1961  AUS Roy Emerson  AUS Rod Laver 1–6, 6–3, 7–5, 6–4
1962  AUS Rod Laver  AUS Neale Fraser 8–6, 0–6, 6–4, 6–4
1963  AUS Roy Emerson  AUS Ken Fletcher 6–3, 6–3, 6–1
1964  AUS Roy Emerson  AUS Fred Stolle 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1965  AUS Roy Emerson  AUS Fred Stolle 7–9, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5, 6–1
1966  AUS Roy Emerson  USA Arthur Ashe 6–4, 6–8, 6–2, 6–3
1967  AUS Roy Emerson  USA Arthur Ashe 6–4, 6–1, 6–4
1968  AUS William Bowrey  ESP Juan Gisbert 6–4, 6–1, 6–4
1969  AUS Rod Laver[h]  ESP Andrés Gimeno 6–3, 6–4, 7–5
1970  USA Arthur Ashe  AUS Dick Crealy 6–4, 9–7, 6–2
1971  AUS Ken Rosewall  USA Arthur Ashe 6–1, 7–5, 6–3
1972  AUS Ken Rosewall  AUS Malcolm Anderson 7–6(7–2), 6–3, 7–5
1973  AUS John Newcombe  NZL Onny Parun 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, 6–1
1974  USA Jimmy Connors  AUS Phil Dent 7–6(9–7), 6–4, 4–6, 6–3
1975  AUS John Newcombe  USA Jimmy Connors 7–5, 3–6, 6–4, 7–6(9–7)
1976  AUS Mark Edmondson  AUS John Newcombe 6–7, 6–3, 7–6, 6–1
1977 (1)  USA Roscoe Tanner[i]  ARG Guillermo Vilas 6–3, 6–3, 6–3
1977 (2)  USA Vitas Gerulaitis[i]  GBR John Lloyd 6–3, 7–6, 5–7, 3–6, 6–2
1978  ARG Guillermo Vilas  AUS John Marks 6–4, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3
1979  ARG Guillermo Vilas  USA John Sadri 7–6(7–4), 6–3, 6–2
1980  USA Brian Teacher  AUS Kim Warwick 7–5, 7–6(7–4), 6–3
1981  RSA Johan Kriek  USA Steve Denton 6–2, 7–6(7–1), 6–7(1–7), 6–4
1982  USA Johan Kriek  USA Steve Denton 6–3, 6–3, 6–2
1983  SWE Mats Wilander  TCH Ivan Lendl 6–1, 6–4, 6–4
1984  SWE Mats Wilander  RSA Kevin Curren 6–7(5–7), 6–4, 7–6(7–3), 6–2
1985  SWE Stefan Edberg  SWE Mats Wilander 6–4, 6–3, 6–3
1986 — None[j] — — —
1987  SWE Stefan Edberg  AUS Pat Cash 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 5–7, 6–3
1988  SWE Mats Wilander  AUS Pat Cash 6–3, 6–7(3–7), 3–6, 6–1, 8–6
1989  TCH Ivan Lendl  TCH Miloslav Mečíř 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1990  TCH Ivan Lendl  SWE Stefan Edberg 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 5–2 retired[k]
1991  GER Boris Becker  TCH Ivan Lendl 1–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1992  USA Jim Courier  SWE Stefan Edberg 6–3, 3–6, 6–4, 6–2
1993  USA Jim Courier  SWE Stefan Edberg 6–2, 6–1, 2–6, 7–5
1994  USA Pete Sampras  USA Todd Martin 7–6(7–4), 6–4, 6–4
1995  USA Andre Agassi  USA Pete Sampras 4–6, 6–1, 7–6(8–6), 6–4
1996  GER Boris Becker  USA Michael Chang 6–2, 6–4, 2–6, 6–2
1997  USA Pete Sampras  ESP Carlos Moyá 6–2, 6–3, 6–3
1998  CZE Petr Korda  CHI Marcelo Ríos 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1999  RUS Yevgeny Kafelnikov  SWE Thomas Enqvist 4–6, 6–0, 6–3, 7–6(7–1)
2000  USA Andre Agassi  RUS Yevgeny Kafelnikov 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
2001  USA Andre Agassi  FRA Arnaud Clément 6–4, 6–2, 6–2
2002  SWE Thomas Johansson  RUS Marat Safin 3–6, 6–4, 6–4, 7–6(7–4)
2003  USA Andre Agassi  GER Rainer Schüttler 6–2, 6–2, 6–1
2004   SUI Roger Federer  RUS Marat Safin 7–6(7–3), 6–4, 6–2
2005  RUS Marat Safin  AUS Lleyton Hewitt 1–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
2006   SUI Roger Federer  CYP Marcos Baghdatis 5–7, 7–5, 6–0, 6–2
2007   SUI Roger Federer  CHI Fernando González 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–4
2008  SRB Novak Ðoković  FRA Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 4–6, 6–4, 6–3, 7–6(7–2)
2009  ESP Rafael Nadal   SUI Roger Federer 7–5, 3–6, 7–6(7–3), 3–6, 6–2

Statistical information

[edit]
A green tennis hard court, in the middle of a stadium with crowded bleachers, under a blue sky
Rod Laver Arena featured green Rebound Ace hard courts between 1988 and 2007.[8][9]
A large building, at night, with some vegetation around it, and a sign reading "Rod Laver Arena"
The main stadium, formerly 'Centre Court', was renamed Rod Laver Arena in 2000.[12]
A blue tennis hard court, in the middle of a stadium with crowded bleachers
The blue Plexicushion installed in 2008 has been described as a slower hard court than the Rebound Ace.[9]
Two tennis players on a green hard court, one lying on the ground, the other standing next to the net, surrounded by crowded bleachers
Organisers have implemented night tennis in recent years.[13]
A long-haired man in grey shorts and a white and grey shirt extends his left arm, holding a modern racket, and bends his knees as reaches for a ball, on a blue hard court
Rafael Nadal edged Roger Federer in the 2009 final after four hours and 23 minutes.[14]

Multiple champions

[edit]
Active player +
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
 Roy Emerson (AUS) 6 0 6 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
 Andre Agassi (USA) 0 4 4 1995, 2000, 2001, 2003
 Jack Crawford (AUS) 4 0 4 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935
 Ken Rosewall (AUS) 2 2 4 1953, 1955, 1971, 1972
 James Anderson (AUS) 3 0 3 1922, 1924, 1925
 Roger Federer (SUI) + 0 3 3 2004, 2006, 2007
 Rod Laver (AUS) 2 1 3 1960, 1962, 1969
 Adrian Quist (AUS) 3 0 3 1936, 1940, 1948
 Mats Wilander (SWE) 0 3 3 1983, 1984, 1988
 Boris Becker (GER) 0 2 2 1991, 1996
 John Bromwich (AUS) 2 0 2 1939, 1946
 Ashley Cooper (AUS) 2 0 2 1957, 1958
 Jim Courier (USA) 0 2 2 1992, 1993
 Stefan Edberg (SWE) 0 2 2 1985, 1987
 Rodney Heath (AUS) 2 0 2 1905, 1910
 Johan Kriek (USA) 0 2 2 1981, 1982
 Ivan Lendl (TCH) 0 2 2 1989, 1990
 John Newcombe (AUS) 0 2 2 1973, 1975
 Pete Sampras (USA) 0 2 2 1994, 1997
 Frank Sedgman (AUS) 2 0 2 1949, 1950
 Guillermo Vilas (ARG) 0 2 2 1978, 1979
 Anthony Wilding (AUS) 2 0 2 1906, 1909
 Pat O'Hara Wood (AUS) 2 0 2 1920, 1923

Champions by country

[edit]
Former country ¤
Country Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
 Australia (AUS) 44 6 50 1905 1976
 United States (USA) 4 14 18 1908 2003
 Sweden (SWE) 0 6 6 1983 2002
 United Kingdom (UK/GBR)[l] 5 0 5 1912 1934
  Switzerland (SUI) 0 3 3 2004 2007
 Argentina (ARG) 0 2 2 1978 1979
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) ¤[m] 0 2 2 1989 1990
 Germany (GER) 0 2 2 1991 1996
 New Zealand (NZL) 2 0 2 1906 1909
 Russia (RUS) 0 2 2 1999 2005
 Czech Republic (CZE)[n] 0 1 1 1998 1998
 France (FRA) 0 1 1 1928 1928
 Serbia (SRB) 0 1 1 2008 2008
 South Africa (RSA) 0 1 1 1981 1981
 Spain (ESP) 0 1 1 2009 2009

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
General
  • "Grand Slam Tournaments - Australian Open" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  • "List of Australian Open men's champions". ESPN.com. Reuters. 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
Specific
  1. ^ a b c "Tournament profile - Australian Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  2. ^ a b c d e Foenander, Tristan. "History of the Australian Open – the Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific". australianopen.com. IBM, Tennis Australia. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  3. ^ a b c d "Grand Slam Tournaments - Australian Open" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  4. ^ a b "1977 Grand Slam calendar". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  5. ^ a b "1986 Grand Slam calendar". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  6. ^ a b "Australian Open - History - Year-by-year". australianopen.com. IBM, Tennis Australia. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  7. ^ "Roddick survives 83-game epic". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. 2003-01-22. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  8. ^ a b c Schlink, Leo (2008-01-14). "Plexicushion replaces Rebound Ace at Australian Open". Herald Sun. The Herald and Weekly Times. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  9. ^ a b c d Bevan, Chris (2008-01-11). "On-court blues for Aussie tennis?". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  10. ^ Vaughan, Gerard (2005-01-17). "Trophy has roots in an 18th-century antiquity". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  11. ^ "Australian Open - Prize Money". australianopen.com. IBM, Tennis Australia. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  12. ^ a b "Rod Laver Arena". mopt.com.au. Melbourne & Olympic Parks. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  13. ^ Pearce, Linda (2009-01-30). "Let's call time on late-night tennis". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  14. ^ Clarey, Christopher (2009-02-02). "Nadal defeats a tearful Federer in Australia". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  15. ^ "List of Classified Court Surfaces". itftennis.com. ITF Licensing. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
  16. ^ "Aching, Victorious Olmedo to Forsake Tennis for Study". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Interactive, Inc. 1959-01-27. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  17. ^ "List of Australian Open men's champions". ESPN.com. Reuters. 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  18. ^ Bick, Nina (1990-01-29). "Lendl Wins Title as Edberg Pulls Out". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
[edit]
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