User:Dkag12/1994 California Proposition 187
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[edit]Opposition
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In the weeks leading up to the election, opponents of Proposition 187 led a series of demonstrations. These events gathered several thousands of people. One of the largest protests of the proposition, as well as one of the largest protests in Los Angeles history, was held on October 16, 1994, when an estimated 70,000 people marched through the downtown area.[1] The line of demonstrators stretched at least a mile long.[1] Two weeks later, 7,000 people participated in another rally against Proposition 187 that took the form of a concert in which dozens of musicians and speakers performed.[2]
Young people, particularly Hispanic students, organized their own protests. Most often, these involved campus walkouts. Students as early as middle school participated.[3] In one of the largest student-led demonstrations against Proposition 187, more than 10,000 young people walked out from more than 30 campuses in the Los Angeles Unified School District.[4] The protest was held without endorsement by any official groups; instead, students had been encouraged to stay in school and stage sit-ins as an alternative.[4]
Ethnic minority reactions
[edit]Reactions against the proposition varied between and within different ethnic minority groups. Latino communities are cited as having been the most active; Hispanic students in particular were marked as they marched in the streets with Mexican flags. Some sources claim that this reaction might have caused indecisive voters to vote in favor of the proposition.[5] After the election, Harold Ezell, the former Immigration and Naturalization Service Director who helped author Proposition 187, maintained that the "biggest mistake the opposition made was waving those green and white flags with the snake on it. They should have been waving the American flag."[6] When Hispanic students were criticized for waving Mexican flags during demonstrations in Los Angeles, community leaders responded to the controversy by saying that it was "a symbolic clinging to self-pride".[6] But some movement leaders did attempt to address these criticisms. As the election drew near, organizers sold thousands of American flags at their demonstrations against Proposition 187.[6]
- ^ a b McDonnell, Patrick J.; Lopez, Robert J. (October 17, 1994). "L.A. March Against Prop. 187 Draws 70,000: Protestors condemn Wilson for backing initiative that they say promotes 'racism, scapegoating'". Los Angeles Times.
{{cite web}}: Check|archive-url=value (help) - ^ Lopez, Robert J. (October 31, 1994). "7,000 Attend Protest Denouncing Proposition 187". Los Angeles Times.
{{cite web}}: Check|archive-url=value (help) - ^ Alvarez, Fred (November 9, 1994). "Last-Minute Rallies Held by Students". Los Angeles Times.
{{cite web}}: Check|archive-url=value (help) - ^ a b Pyle, Amy; Shuster, Beth (November 3, 1994). "10,000 Students Protest Prop. 187: Walkouts around Los Angeles are largest yet showing campus opposition to initiative. The teen-agers are mostly peaceful, with only 12 arrests reported". Los Angeles Times.
{{cite web}}: Check|archive-url=value (help) - ^ Martin, Philip (1995). "Proposition 187 in California". The International Migration Review. 29: 258–259. doi:10.1177/019791839502900111. S2CID 143724092.
- ^ a b c Banks, Sandy (November 10, 1994). "Unflagging Controversy: Why did some protesters against Proposition 187 carry the red, white and green instead of the red, white and blue? To Latinos, it was prideful. To many Americans, it was insulting". Los Angeles Times.
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